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Query: UMLS:C0205700 (ash)
 15,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Experiments were conducted with young chicks to investigate the mechanism by which various feed ingredients reduce the bioavailability of inorganic Mn. Although corn, soybean meal (SBM), fish meal (FM), wheat bran (WB), and rice bran (RB) contain significant quantities of Mn, these feed ingredients when added to a casein-dextrose diet have been shown to reduce Mn deposition in key tissues (i.e., bone, pancreas, and gallbladder). Studies reported herein indicate that reduction in tissue Mn concentration due to feed ingredient supplementation resulted from reduced Mn absorption, rather than from enhanced Mn excretion. Feedstuffs exerted their effect primarily at the gut level, although some Mn binding may also have occurred in body fluids. Fractionation of each feed ingredient indicated that the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) fraction of WB and a corn-SBM mixture accounted for virtually all of the Mn-binding capabilities of these ingredients. In contrast, ash fraction was responsible for tissue Mn-lowering capabilities of FM. Both NDF and ash fractions of RB significantly lowered tissue Mn concentrations, but not to the same extent as that caused by RB itself. A significant portion (11 to 27%) of the total quantity of copper was found in the NDF fraction of all feed ingredients. Over 12% of the magnesium and iron in FM was contained in the NDF fraction, while 20% of the magnesium in WB and 15% of the iron in RB was likewise present in the NDF fraction. Very little K, Zn, or Mn was associated with the NDF fraction of any feed ingredients. All Ca in WB but less than 1% of Ca in RB were present in the NDF.
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PMID:Mechanism of the tissue manganese-lowering effect of corn, soybean meal, fish meal, wheat bran, and rice bran. 358 1

The Fe, Cu- and Zn contents of the daily menu of teen-agers were examined over two years with 124 samples taken. The samples were homogenized, subsequently dried at 104 degrees C finally incinerated at 480 degrees C. The ash was dissolved by heating with 3 N HCl. Determination of the three micro-elements was carried out by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. It was found that the daily intake of the micro-elements investigated is much below the value proposed by FAO/WHO, however, somewhat higher than the calculated Hungarian data. According to measurements, the average daily micro-element intake is 10.77 +/- 4.42 mg for iron; 1.23 +/- 0.65 mg for copper and 9.44 +/- 2.39 mg for zinc. With enumeration of iron, copper and zinc sources, dietary recommendations are given in order to increase the average values.
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PMID:Examination of the iron, copper and zinc contents in the daily menu of teen-agers. 361 16

This paper presents an estimate of the quantities of cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic entering the U.K. environment from human activities. Discharges are divided into three source categories: the production and use of the elements, inadvertent sources and various waste disposal practices. The major atmospheric sources of cadmium and mercury include refuse incineration, nonferrous metal production, iron and steel production, fossil fuel combustion and, for mercury alone, the chlor-alkali industry. In contrast, lead and arsenic each have only one major atmospheric source: petrol and coal combustion, respectively. The largest inputs of cadmium, lead and mercury to landfill arise from the disposal of municipal wastes; for arsenic, ash disposal from coal combustion is more important. Industrial activities represent the major sources of trace element input to the U.K. sewage system but domestic sources are important for lead and cadmium, while road run-off makes a considerable lead input. In U.K. coastal waters the major sources of cadmium are the direct discharge of sewage and industrial effluents. For the other elements, the dumping of solid wastes is of more significance. The largest inputs of lead, mercury and arsenic to U.K. agricultural land arise from atmospheric deposition; for cadmium the application of phosphate fertilizers is a more important source, while sewage sludge can be of local significance.
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PMID:The quantities of cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic entering the U.K. environment from human activities. 381 Jan 38

The statistical analysis of 911 personal observations and literature findings on the mean content of ash, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper and manganese in different species of fish has brought to the conclusion on the absence of any reliable interspecies differences in the content of macro- and trace elements in fish muscle tissue (except for sodium and zinc). The evaluation of the analytical accuracy in the assessment and biological variability of the mineral composition of the fish muscles has shown that the values of both these components are comparable and should be taken into account in the development of new tables on the chemical composition of food products.
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PMID:[Biological variability and accuracy in determining macro- and microelements in fish]. 382 24

When HeLa cells are fixed with ethanol, extracted with 0.1 N HCl, and incinerated at 540 degrees C, all organic constituents and all ions studied are removed with the exception of iron. The gross outlines of cell structures are preserved and high concentrations of residual ash in interphase nucleoli and mitotic chromosomes suggest that there may be a shift in iron salts during the cell cycle. Experiments with cells isotopically labeled in proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides indicate that the iron is bound to a polysaccharide. Addition of iron chelating agents to living cells causes a selective inhibition of DNA synthesis. These data suggest that iron may play a crucial role in the mitotic process.
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PMID:Iron: its intracellular localization and possible role in cell division. 492 92

The particulate hydrogenase of Vibrio succinogenes is solubilized during treatment of cell envelopes at pH 11.0. Alkali-solubilized enzyme requires sulfhydryl compounds for activity. At neutral pH, soluble enzyme is reincorporated into alkalitreated cell envelopes and no longer requires an additional activator. In the present study, cell envelopes prepared by lysing cells with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid plus lysozyme (EDTA-lysozyme) were used to determine the chemical composition of cell envelopes and derived pH 11.0 soluble and insoluble fractions and to investigate some properties of the binding and activation of alkali-solubilized hydrogenase. Lysis with EDTA-lysozyme resulted in the formation of spheroplast ghosts. The derived cell envelopes contained 61% protein, 3% ash, 23% lipid, and 1% phosphorus. The alkali-treated cell envelopes contained 50% protein, 2% ash, 24% lipid, and 1% phosphorus. The ash from cell envelopes and alkali-treated cell envelopes was rich in iron and phosphorus and also contained calcium, copper, magnesium, sodium, and zinc. Virtually all of the weight of the ashed samples was accounted for by the oxides of these metals. Since the reconstitution of particulate hydrogenase was achieved with pH 11.0 supernatant solution and precipitate, intact mucopeptide is not essential for hydrogenase binding. Release of hydrogenase during EDTA-lysozyme lysis was found to depend upon an apparent structural change which occurs in the membranes during extended storage at -20 C.
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PMID:Chemical constituents and hydrogenase binding in cell envelopes of Vibrio succinogenes. 497 63

Human milk from different periods of lactation was analysed. The following constituents of 100 g human milk decrease from the 1st week to the 2nd-3rd month of lactation: protein from 1.57 to 0.81 g, ash from 0.36 to 0.21 g, sodium from 54.4 to 13.1 mg, potassium from 63.6 to 48.1 mg, chloride from 109.8 to 39.1 mg and sulfur from 28.0 to 11.9 mg. There are no significant changes during lactation for calcium with 28.8-25.6 mg and for magnesium with 3.3 mg. The concentration of phosphorus increases during the first week of lactation from 8 to 12 mg/100 g and remains at this level. Zinc decreases from 642 to 166 micrograms milk during lactation. The concentration of manganese is between 1.1 to 1.8 micrograms. The almost similar concentration of iron and copper increases during the first 14 days of lactation from 48.4 to 62.2 micrograms and 45.8 to 66.9 micrograms respectively, and then decreases to 26.0 and 30.7 micrograms respectively in the 2nd-3rd month of lactation. During the period of lactation there is an increase for lactose from 4.9 to 6.1 g and for total-thiamin from 10.1 to 284 micrograms/100 ml.
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PMID:[Nutrient content in human milk: protein, lactose, minerals, trace elements, and thiamin (author's transl)]. 611 4

The extent of hydrolysis of citrus pectin in the stomach and small intestine was studied by in vivo digestion in ileostomy patients. The effect of citrus pectin on ileostomy losses of fat, nitrogen, starch, sodium and potassium was also investigated as was its effect on the absorption of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron. Six ileostomy patients were studied during 10 d while on a constant low-fibre diet supplemented with 15 g citrus pectin/d on days 5, 6 and 7. The constituents mentioned in (1) as well as neutral polysaccharides, uronic acids and Klason lignin were determined in the ileostomy contents and duplicate portions of the diet. Of the uronic acids derived from the citrus pectin 70-100 per cent was recovered in the ileostomy contents. The wet weight of ileostomy fluid increased by 314 g/24 h and dry weight by 24 g/24 h after consumption of 15 g citrus pectin. During the pectin period there was a significant increase in the amount of nitrogen, fat, ash, Na and K found in ileostomy contents, while the amount of starch was unchanged. During the pectin period the apparent absorption of Fe decreased significantly, while that of P, Ca, Mg and Zn remained unchanged. It is concluded that there is only limited digestion of citrus pectin in the stomach and small intestine. The slight increase in ileal output of nitrogen may either be due to decreased digestion and absorption of fat is more pronounced. In the 3-d study addition of 15 g pectin to the diet did not seem to impair the apparent mineral absorption from the small intestine except in the case of Fe.
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PMID:The effect of citrus pectin on the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. 630 32

For study of the effects of an iron overload on bone remodeling, 5 control pigs were compared with 5 pigs given a total dose of 10.8 g of parenteral iron in 36 days. Treated pigs developed an iron tissue overload demonstrated by a marked increase in bone and liver iron. Except for a modest increase in SGOT, there was no biochemical or histologic sign of liver damage. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were unchanged in the treated pigs. There was no accumulation of iron in the parathyroid glands and the serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone level was unchanged in the treated animals. Bone histomorphometry after double tetracycline labeling showed that in the treated pigs osteoblast cell surfaces, double and total labeled surfaces, appositional rate, and formation at tissue level were significantly decreased, and reversal surfaces were increased. Mineralization was not impaired because the osteoid thickness was unchanged. From the morphometric measurements it was concluded that osteoblast recruitment and the collagen synthesis rate were decreased. Mean wall thickness, which indicates the amount of bone synthesized, was also lowered. In contrast, the osteoclastic resorption surfaces and the depth of lacunae resulting from osteoclast resorption were unchanged by treatment. Despite this imbalance between formation and resorption, trabecular bone mass estimated on trabecular bone volume and bone ash was unchanged after 36 days' treatment. Perls' stain revealed that iron deposits were present in osteoblast and osteoclast cells and also inside the bone matrix, because there was a linear deposit along the trabecular surfaces, cement line, and osteoid-mineralized bone interface. Therefore, because treatment induced no modification of the major humoral regulators of bone metabolism, it is suggested that iron, which was present in bone cells and matrix, could play a role in bone remodeling.
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PMID:Effects of iron overload on bone remodeling in pigs. 647 75

Thirty-one samples from 8 geographic growing regions of the United States and 15 varieties common to these areas were converted to apple juice and analyzed for their attributes over the 3 year period 1979, 1980, and 1981. The total of 93 samples were analyzed for ash, brix, pH, proline, specific gravity, total acid, sorbitol, sucrose, fructose, and glucose. The elements cadmium, calcium, iron, lead, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and zinc were also determined. These data are presented to serve as a data base for the detection of fraudulent or adulterated apple juice.
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PMID:Composition of apple juice. 663 Jan 37


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