Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0205700 (ash)
 15,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Values for the nutrient content of spices and herbs culled from an extensive search of the literature and of unpublished sources are tabulated. Spices were generally high in ash and fiber. The protein content of many spices was comparable to that of whole grains and mature dry legumes. Average values for calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, and potassium were higher in speces from leaves (herbs) than in those from other parts of plants. Spices from seeds were highest in phosphorus. A few spices--celery seed, cumin, coriander leaf, dill weed, cloves, and especially parsley flakes--were very high in sodium (3 to 9 mg. per 2 gm). Their use might be contra-indicated in therapeutic diets in which sodium is highly restricted.
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PMID:Nutrient content of spices and herbs. 62 14

1. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the two seeds established the presence of carbohydrates and/or glycosides, flavnoids, unsaturated sterols and/or triterpenes, saponins, trypsin inhibitors and haemagglutinins. In addition, it established the absence of cardenolides, tannins, alkaloids and oxidase enzyme. 2. Certain pharmacopoeial constants, including moisture, ash, acid-insoluble ash, water-soluble ash and crude fibre were determined. 3. The two seeds were subjected to successive extractions with different organic solvents such as petroleum ether (50-70 degrees C), diethyl ether, chloroform and ethyl alcohol. The successive yields of extractives were determined. Examination of the crude extracts showed that petroleum ether extract contained sterols and/or triterpenes, while ether, chloroform, and ethyl alcohol extracts contained reducing substances. 4. General analysis of the two seeds for proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fibre and ash contents were carried out and the results were given in g/100 g dry seeds. Pigeon pea contained 25.2 g protein, 170 mg calcium and 8.9 mg iron. The protein content of kidney bean was 23 g, while calcium and iron contents were 134 mg and 8.02 mg respectively. 5. Extractions of the proteins using different solvents such as cold water, hot water, saline buffer pH 7 and sodium hydroxide was the best extractant. 6. The amino-acid content of the two seeds, whether raw or cooked, showed that they were deficient in methionine, cystine and tryptophan. Other essential amino acids were present in amounts higher than that given by the FAO provisional pattern. 7. Cooking the seeds by the popular methods used in the country resulted in an increase in the amounts of the amino acids, threonine, leucine and isoleucine, while the other amino acids present remained unchanged or decreased. It was also observed that cooking the seeds destroyed the trypsin inhibitors and haemagglutinins found in the two seeds.
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PMID:Phytochemical and nutritional studies on pigeon pea and kidney bean cultivated in Egypt. 96 10

1. General analysis of the seeds for protein, fats, carbohydrates, fiber and ash contents were carried out and the results were given in g/100 g dry seeds. Lupinus termis contained a higher percentage of protein (40.36), 290 mg calcium and 6.5 mg iron. 2. All the essential amino acids are present in fair amounts with the exception of sulphur-amino acids and Lysine. 3. Cooking the seeds resulted in a slight decrease of most of the amino acids with the exception of Tryptophan and Lysine, which exhibited a slight increase after cooking. 4. Of the toxic substances present in the seeds is Trypsin inhibitor, which was destroyed by heat treatment, and alkaloids, which were removed by soaking the seeds three days in running tap water. 5. Supplementing the debittered seeds with Lysine and Methionine resulted in an increase in its nutritive value.
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PMID:The use of Lupinus termis L. cultivated in Egypt, as a food protein supplement. 102 Mar 69

1. The proximate analysis of raw Syrian lentils (Lens esculentus), variety red chick pea (Cicer arietinum) variety balady, has been made. The protein content of the two raw seeds were 23 and 22 g% for lentils and chick peas, respectively. Ethereal extract, fiber, ash, calcium, phosphorus and iron content of the two raw seeds have been also assayed. 2. The levels of most of the amino acids were also estimated in the raw and cooked seeds. It was found that tryptophan- and sulphur-containing amino acids were the most limiting ones. Cooking the seeds by the same methods commonly used in Syria resulted in the loss of most of the amino acids, with the exception of lysine and tryptophan which were slightly increased. 3. Trypsin inhibitors and saponins were detected in the raw seeds. Haemagglutinins were present in raw lentils only. Cooking the seeds destroyed the trypsin inhibitors and haemagglutinins and did not affect the saponins. 4. The net protein utilization of whole lentils and chick peas were 38 and 53, respectively. Decortication of lentils or cooking without decortication has no effect on the NPU values. Cooking the decorticated lentil seeds raised its NPU values from 38 to 56. Cooking chick peas resulted in a slight increase in their NPU. Supplementation of the raw and treated seeds with methionine and tryptophan raised its NPU values markedly.
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PMID:Nutritive studies on some raw and prepared leguminous seeds commonly used in the Arab Republic of Syria. 102 Mar 73

Iron-deficient rats were rehabilitated with diets supplying iron from white wheat bread, bread ash or ferrous sulfate as a standard. The relative biological value of iron in bread or its ash was greater when evaluated from red blood cell count than when estimated from hemoglobin concentration. Ash obtained by heating bread in a muffle furnace and reduced with hydrogen was more effective in stimulating blood cell production than could be accounted for by its iron content alone.
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PMID:Erythropoietic response of anemic rats to enriched white bread and bread ash. 102 17

Toxicity of cadmium in the young Japanese quail rapidly produced moderate growth depression, hypogonadism in the male, decreased bone ash, severe anemia, alterations of "indicator" tissue levels of several essential inorganic elements, and marked histological abnormalities of the duodenum, bone marrow, adrenal medulla, and esophageal mucus glands. Cadmium appeared to have direct effects on zinc and iron, particularly iron (III), by decreasing intestinal absorption of these elements. Small amounts of dietary ascorbic acid were protective against many of the adverse effects of cadmium. The young quail proved to be a useful species for these studies. The experience with cadmium may have some facets that would prove useful in further studies of the effects of ascorbic acid on the toxicity of other metals.
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PMID:Protective effects of ascorbic acid against toxicity of heavy metals. 106 Mar 97

The last 30 years have shown marked improvements in formula feeding of infants. A decrease in breast-feeding popularity and improved sanitary formula methods are responsible for increased use of formulas. Because an infant's growth rate is highest from birth to 1 year, nutritional adequacy of the diet is of vital importance. Necessary for evaluating an infant's formula are the following: 1) the formula should have essential nutrients but not in excess; 2) it should be readily digestible; and 3) there should be a reasonable distribution of calories derived from protein, fat and carbohydrates; digestibility of the fat source is important. Iron deficiency anemia, the most prevalent deficiency in infants, is remedied by the use of iron-fortified commercial formulas. The most effective nutritionally balanced milk is human milk. 2 reasons for other choices are infantile abnormal conditions which require therapeutic formulas or the mother's choice not to breast-feed. A comparison of cow's and human milk shows that the former has 3 times as much ash and protein (which alters digestibility) than normally found in the latter. Differences in casein or curd content triglycerides and percentage of carbohydrates are sufficient to render human milk more easily digestible and nutritionally complete than cow's milk. Standard formulas, on the other hand, nutritionally approximate cow's and human's milk by chemically altering casein proteins, replacing butterfat with vegetable oils and creating highly concentrated electrolyte replacements for electrolyte loss during diarrhea and vomiting. A wide variety of therapeutic formulas are employed for milk allergy, fat restrictions, congenital heart disease, low birth weight infants and phenylektonuria. Preparation of infant formulas include ready-to-feed, concentrated liquid and concentrated powder. Proper dilution in the latter 2 is stressed as is the absolute need for sterilization of all equipment used in formula preparation. The appropriate choice would be a formula that is well tolerated by the infant, conveniently stored and prepared, and within the family budget.
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PMID:Infant formulas. 109 87

In order to study the effect of dietary manganese on the content of manganese, iron, copper and zinc in maternal and fetal tissues, six diets with different levels of manganese (4, 24, 54, 154, 504 and 1004 mg Mn/kg dry diet) were fed to Sprague-Dawley female rats from the time of weaning. The animals were mated and the offspring collected by cesarean section at day 21 of pregnancy. Non-pregnant female rats served as respective reference groups. Concentrations of copper as well as manganese were higher in the livers of pregnant rats with the highest manganese intake, whereas in non-pregnant animals the dietary manganese level had no appreciable effect on manganese or copper concentrations in the liver. On the other hand, the iron content of the livers of both pregnant and non-pregnant female rats fell as the manganese level of the diet increased. The hemoglobin values of dams on the highest levels of dietary manganese were also slightly reduced. The manganese content was highest in the offspring of dams given the largest amounts of manganese. The manganese level in the maternal diet had the opposite effect on the fetal iron concentration, and the zinc content of fetuses of dams on the highest dietary manganese level was slightly elevated. No gross malformations or bone structure anomalies could be observed in the fetuses, and the manganese intake of the dams was not found to have influenced essentially the fetal weights and the dry matter and ash contents.
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PMID:Effect of the dietary manganese level on tissue manganese, iron, copper and zinc concentrations in female rats and their fetuses. 115 53

Insufficiencies of the circulatory system and increasing transport losses in pigs as well as analogies with respect to atherosclerosis of men and swine were the motives for a broad statistical investigation of important characteristics of the circulatory system in a big population of female German landrace pigs, fattened as progeny groups under identical conditions in a testing station and slaughtered at 100 kg weight. As the most essential results, highly significant seasonal and genetical influences on several traits are to be mentioned, and some meaningful correlations between them: Plasma cholesterol, ceruloplasmin and hematocrit showed markedly lower levels in the summer and increased values in the cold season; the thickness of the intima (aorta and arteria pulmonalis) was quite distinctly greatest in the spring, this phenomenon being almost exactly paralleled by augmented amounts of copper and iron in the aortic wall. Increased heart weights were again found in the cold, decreased ones in the warm seasons. On average, bigger hearts and vessels were accompanied by higher elastin contents of the aorta, but these contents stood in very significant negative correlation to the ash content and the amounts of certain mineral components (Ca, Mg and P) of the vessel wall, especially to the ash percentage of the elastic fibers. This indicates that calcifying and mineralizing processes in the wall obviously take place at the cost of the elastic components. The estimation of heritabilities in half and full sibs revealed with h2 = 60% high henetic influences on the elastin content of the aorta and equally so on the ash percentage of elastic fibers. Future investigations must correlate these findings with direct measurements of biomechanical and rheological properties of the vessels.
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PMID:[The exogenous and genetic components of some vessel wall characteristics in the pig (author's transl)]. 122 Jun 64

The determination of lead in blood, urine and bone (0.5 to 1.0 g blood, 5 to 10 ml urine, approx. 200 mg bone ash) by anodic stripping voltammetry is described. Blood samples are decomposed with nitric acid/perchloric acid, urine samples with nitric acid/perchloric acid/sulfuric acid. Bones are dry-ashed at 450 to 500 degrees C previously. The interference of iron in the analysis of blood samples is removed by adding citrate and adjusting the pH to approx. 3.5.
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PMID:[Quantitative determination of lead in blood, urine and bone by anodic stripping voltammetry (author's transl)]. 124 23


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