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Query: UMLS:C0205700 (ash)
 15,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

White Leghorn chick embryos were injected on the 15th day of incubation with 70 to 300 pmoles 1,25-(OH)2D3. All doses produced hypercalcemia; with the highest dose, the concentration of calcium in serum started to rise 4 h after the injection, reached a peak 20 h after, and was still high 48 h after. Twenty hours after the injection of the same dose, the concentration of inorganic phosphorus in the serum was significantly lower than in the corresponding controls. The tibias from 17-day-old chick embryos injected with 300 pmoles on day 15 were shorter, lighter, and had a lower ash content than those from controls. Histological signs of resorption appeared to be reduced with respect to controls, but no precise quantitation was conducted. The fact that hypercalcemia was not accompanied by hyperphosphatemia may suggest that the vitamin stimulates resorption of calcium from the shell, which is mainly formed by calcium carbonate rather than from the bone from which calcium and phosphate are usually resorbed together.
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PMID:Effects produced by the administration of high doses of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol to the chick embryo. 57 6

A study was conducted to determine the values of several chemical components of dental cementum. Extracted teeth from continuous residents of low, optimal, and high natural fluoride areas were selected to determine the effects of fluoride exposure and age on the fluoride, citrate and carbonate content of cervical and apical areas of sound and periodontally diseased human cementum. 1. For normal cementum the mean fluoride content of all 18 groups was 0.443 plus or minus 0.04%on an ash basis and 0.253 plus or minus 0.02% on a dry weight basis; the mean citrate content was 1.52 plus or minus 0.10% on an ash basis and 0.86 plus or minus 0.06% on a dry weight basis; the mean carbonate content was 4.95 plus or minus 0.39% on an ash basis and 2.79 plus or minus 0.22% on a dry weight basis. 2. For diseased cementum the mean fluoride content of all 12 groups was 0.575 plus or minus 0.03% on an ash basis and 0.342 plus or minus 0.02% on a dry weight basis; the mean citrate content was 1.19 plus or minus 0.07% on an ash basis and 0.71 plus or minus 0.05% on a dry weight basis; the mean carbonate content was 5.95 plus or minus 0.47% on an ash basis and 3.50 plus or minus 0.28% on a dry weight basis. 3. There is a general increment in fluoride content of normal cervical and apical cementum, both with age and fluoride exposure. For diseased cementum this held true for fluoride exposure but not age. 4. The mean fluoride content of cervical cementum is greater than that of apical cementum for both normal and diseased groups. For citrate and carbonate no definite statistical differences were noted between cervical and apical areas. 5. The diseased cementum has a significantly higher mean fluoride content, a significantly lower citrate content, and a slightly, but not statistically significant, higher carbonate content than normal cementum. 6. Unlike bone, no inverse fluoride/citrate or fluoride/carbonate relationship was observed. 7. For both normal and diseased groups the carbonate content of cementum of individuals over age 40 tended to be lower than for individuals 20-40 years of age.
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PMID:The effects of age and fluoride exposure on fluoride, citrate and carbonate content of human cementum. 105 1

The following physico-chemical characteristics of various calcium sources, differing in origin and particle size were determined: mineral composition, sieve and image analysis, apparent solubility (AS), surface area (SA), porous volume, specific gravity, and compressibility (C). The AS, SA, and C values were related more to the calcium particle size than to its origin and were higher in ground calcium sources. Calcium retention of seashells treated with phosphoric acid, oyster shells, and limestone using two particle sizes, ground or particulate, was assayed in 98 broiler chicks. Particulate marble was also tested in this experiment. Calcium retention expressed as a percentage of calcium ingestion was decreased when coarse particles of calcium were supplied in lieu of pulverized sources (40 versus 49%). An experiment with a 3 x 3 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments were tested using 576 broiler chicks. Treatments included three calcium sources (phosphorus-treated shell, oyster shell, and marble), three particle sizes [ground (less than .15 mm), medium (.6 to 1.18 mm) and coarse (greater than 1.18 mm)] and three levels of calcium (.5,.7, and .9%) with ground limestone as a reference. Performance, tibial morphometry, breaking strength variables, and ash content were measured at 4 wk of age. Weight gain and feed conversion were ameliorated with ground particles of calcium. Cortical thickness, length of the tibia, stiffness, stress, and tibia ash were diminished when coarse particles of calcium were incorporated in the diets. Conversely, the origin of the calcium source hardly affected these criteria. Additionally, the incorporation of phosphorus-treated shells was assayed in 112 broiler chicks. Coarse particles decreased calcium retention. Consequently, ultimate stress, the modulus of elasticity, and stress were impaired. It is concluded that differences in utilization of calcium carbonate sources by the broiler chick is primarily a result of particle size rather than origin. Ground particles of calcium (pan to .15 mm) significantly improves performance and tibial ossification characteristics in broiler chicks.
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PMID:The effects of particle size and origin of calcium carbonate on performance and ossification characteristics in broiler chicks. 178 Feb 62

A total of 576 d-old, male, broiler chicks were used in two trials 1) to determine the range of Ca and P levels over which the response in bone characteristics is linear and 2) to determine the influence of particle size of defluorinated rock phosphate (DFP) on the bioavailability of Ca and P in DFP. Six treatments were used in Experiment 1 in which varying percentages of added Ca (.00, .06, .12, .24, .36, and .48%) and added P (.00, .05, .10, .20, .30, and .40%) were evaluated in a corn-soybean meal diet containing 23% CP, .47% Ca, and .39% P (.14% available P). Weight gain, feed intake, and tibia breaking strength increased (P less than .001) with increasing levels of dietary Ca and P. Treatments in Experiment 2 consisted of: 1) Diet 1, a corn-soybean meal basal diet (23% CP, .50% Ca, .46% P, .21% available P), 2) Diet 1 with .12% added Ca from calcium carbonate (CC) and .07% added P from monosodium phosphate (MSP), 3) Diet 1 with .24% added Ca from CC and .14% added P from MSP; and 4 to 8), Diet 1 with .24% added Ca and .14% added P from five particle sizes of DFP. Feed intake, weight gain, and tibia breaking strength and ash percentage increased linearly (P less than .01) and feed:gain ratio decreased quadratically (P less than .10) with increasing percentages of added Ca and P in Diets 1 to 3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of particle size on the biological availability of calcium and phosphorus in defluorinated phosphate for chicks. 223 30

A study was undertaken in 60 adult rabbits in order to determine the effects of ossein-hydroxyapatite compound on bone healing. Standardized bony defects were produced in the distal femoral epiphyses, after which animals were randomized into four equal groups. An untreated group served as a control. One group received ossein-hydroxyapatite compound, 830 mg per day, a second group received bone mineral (ossein-hydroxyapatite compound reduced to ash, to remove organic constituents), 510 mg per day, and a third group received calcium carbonate, 650 mg per day. A series of fluorescent vital markers was administered to the animals from the 7th to the 32nd day after production of the defect. A third of the animals in each group were sacrificed 35, 56 and 84 days, respectively, after induction of the defect. Histological sections of the region of the bone defect were examined with a fluorescence microscope and resulting photomicrographs were scored with respect to degree of fluorescence, nature and degree of defect filling and structure of the newly formed bone. All three active treatment groups resulted in significantly improved mineralization as compared with the untreated control group. Treatment with ossein-hydroxyapatite compound, but not the other two active treatments, resulted in significant improvements in the pattern and quality of bone healing, particularly when assessed at 56 or 84 days after induction of the bone defect. These results indicate that ossein-hydroxyapatite compound has a beneficial effect on the process of bone healing but that this effect is lost if the organic components of the compound are destroyed or if pure calcium carbonate treatment is substituted. This strongly suggests that organic components of ossein-hydroxyapatite compound have osteogenic effects, enhancing the utilization of the mineral intake, and is consistent with previous experimental findings. It is suggested, therefore, that ossein-hydroxyapatite compound has considerable clinical potential and should be regarded as having specific, sophisticated effects on bone metabolism, rather than as a simple dietary mineral supplement.
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PMID:The influence of ossein-hydroxyapatite compound ('Ossopan') on the healing of a bone defect. 302 88

In order to improve the taste, flavor and nutritional quality of chickpea (Cicer arietinum), various processing conditions were studied. The decorticated samples were processed under various conditions, either by presoaking or non-soaking in water or sodium carbonate solution. The proteins were also isolated from water or carbonate-presoaked chickpea and subjected to various processing. Carbonate-presoaked samples gave slightly lower protein and ash values. No major changes in other constituents were observed. Subjective analysis of the intensity of characteristic chickpea flavor in processed samples was carried out, indicating some improvement in the carbonate-presoaked samples. Carbonate-treated samples exhibited a lighter color. The carbonate presoaking procedure had no adverse effect on the availability of lysine and nitrogen solubility index (NSI), as compared to the water-presoaking procedure. The time required to inactivate trypsin inhibitors in carbonate-presoaked chickpea at boiling temperature, was half that required in the case of water-presoaked ones. Under the conditions used in treating chickpea with sodium carbonate, no beneficial effect was observed in reducing the tannin content. No significant differences were observed in net protein ratio (NPR) among the various processed chickpea samples, even though in some cases isolated protein gave significantly lower NPR values. Digestibility values were higher for isolated protein than for whole chickpea samples.
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PMID:Studies on the development of infant foods from plant protein sources. Part II. Effect of processing conditions on the chemical and nutritive properties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum). 384 55

The physicochemical properties of the upstream and downstream waters from the Upper Ganga canal, discharged cooling tower water, machine washings, and scrubber and bottom ash effluents of a 530 MW Kasimpur coal-fired thermal power plant have been determined, and their effects directly on fertile soil and indirectly on pea (Pisum sativam) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) crops have also been studied. The effluents were found to be alkaline in nature. The scrubber and bottom ash effluent was found to contain large amounts of solids and had high biochemical and chemical oxygen demands. All the effluents were found to be responsible for altering the chemical composition of the soil. The soils irrigated with the different effluents exhibited an increase in pH, organic matter, calcium carbonate, water-soluble salts, cation exchange capacity, electrical conductivity, and nitrogen and phosphorus contents while potassium content decreased, probably due to being leached to the lower layers of the soil. The effects of 100, 50, and 0% (tap water control) dilutions of cooling tower, machine washings, and scrubber and bottom ash effluents on the germination and growth of pea and wheat crops were also monitored. Using the undiluted effluents, there was 100% germination for both the crops when the irrigation was done with cooling tower effluent. The germination was restricted to 90% for the two crops when irrigated with machine washings effluent, and to 80 and 70% for pea and wheat, respectively, when irrigated with scrubber and bottom ash effluent. The samples of upstream and downstream canal water were also used for irrigating soils with and without crop plants in order to ascertain the impact of the effluents on the canal water and its subsequent effect on the crops. The soils irrigated with downstream canal water were found to contain slightly more calcium carbonate, phosphorus, and ammonia-nitrogen than those receiving upstream canal water. Though 100% germination was obtained in both the cases, the growth of the plants irrigated with the downstream canal water was found to be slightly reduced.
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PMID:Effects of coal-fired thermal power plant discharges on agricultural soil and crop plants. 395 66

1. The cyst wall of Colpoda steinii has been isolated and its chemical nature examined. It had a nitrogen content 13.9+/-0.2% (s.d.) and an ash 8.6+/-1.6% (s.d.). After lipid and hot-acid extraction there was a variable residual phosphorus of 0.19-0.64%. The protein nature, indicated by infrared and ultraviolet absorption, was confirmed when 100mug. of hydrolysed wall gave a ninhydrin colour equivalent to that given by 0.88-1.01mumoles of glycine. Hexosamine, hexose, pentose, lipid and dipicolinic acid were absent. 2. Paper chromatography of hydrolysates, besides showing the presence of the usual protein amino acids and three unidentified ninhydrin-reacting spots, indicated the presence of large amounts of glutamic acid. Estimated by chromatography, the amount present was 52.9+/-0.6 (s.d.) g./100g. of ash-free wall; manometric estimation of l-glutamic acid with l-glutamate 1-carboxy-lyase gave 46.5+/-0.9 (s.d.) g./100g. 3. Free carboxyl groups were estimated by titration as 0.159+/-0.011 (s.d.) mole/100g. and those present as amide as 0.154+/-0.004 (s.d.) mole/100g., and the total was compared with the dicarboxylic acid content 0.360+/-0.010 (s.d.) mole/100g. 4. After treatment with 98% formic acid 25-30% of the wall material could be extracted by 0.05m-sodium carbonate solution (extract 1); after treatment of the residue with performic acid a further 62-63% based on the original weight could be extracted by 0.05m-sodium carbonate (extract 2). 5. The average values found for the glutamic acid contents were 21.7g./100g. for extract 1 and 58.0g./100g. for extract 2. The cysteic acid content of whole oxidized wall was about 5.8g./100g. and of extract 2 also about 5.8g./100g. The glutamic acid and cysteic acid contents of the final residue were also investigated. 6. The significance of these extraction experiments in relation to the wall structure is discussed.
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PMID:The cyst wall of Colpoda steinii. A substance rich in glutamic acid residues. 495 13

Broiler chicks were fed diets differing in calcium (Ca) level, source, and particle size. The basal diet fed in most experiments contained .62% total phosphorus and .49% Ca from sources other than the Ca sources being compared. Performance was not affected by Ca source in diets with .9% Ca. In diets with 1.5% Ca, gain and bone ash were significantly lower with a powdered, USP grade calcium carbonate than with limestone particles passing through a 1,000-mu screen and retained by a 417-mu screen. Crushing these particles to allow them to pass through a 74-mu screen caused them to behave like the powdered calcium carbonate. Particles of this limestone had to at least pass through a 147-mu screen to cause a greater reduction in gain; the finest particles tested (passed a 74-mu screen) reduced performance most. When graded levels of fine and medium particles were fed, the higher levels reduced gain, and less of the fine particles was required to produce a given reduction. In a high Ca-low P diet, fine particles of the Ca source were more deleterious than medium. Apparently, chicks can shunt excess Ca in the form of medium particles (150 to 1,000 mu) through the digestive system better than they can the more reactive, fine particles.
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PMID:Effect of particle size of the calcium source on performance of broiler chicks fed diets with different calcium and phosphorus levels. 670 69

The effects of isolated soybean protein and animal protein on magnesium bioavailability were evaluated in this study. Total serum magnesium and femur bone ash magnesium values were used to evaluate the relative bioavailability of magnesium in diets in which ANRC casein, isolated soybean proteins, autoclaved isolated soybean proteins or lyophilized beef served as protein sources. Low magnesium basal diets were supplemented with graded levels of magnesium from magnesium carbonate and fed to weanling Sprague-Dawley rats for 28 days. Serum and femur bone ash magnesium were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Statistical analysis of serum and bone ash magnesium using a slope-ratio bioassay indicated that the protein sources did not have a significant effect on the bioavailability of magnesium.
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PMID:Effect of isolated soybean protein on magnesium bioavailability. 718 8


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