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Query: UMLS:C0205700 (ash)
 15,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The strontium, lithium and calcium contents have been determined in 87 samples of five kinds of milk-fermented products, as well as in 93 samples of ten kinds of marine smoked fish. The samples were purchased on the local market. The representative samples were dry ashed in quartz crucibles and the ash was treated with suitable amounts of conc. HCl and a few drops of conc. HNO3. The obtained sample solution was then used for the determination of Sr, Li and Ca by the flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) method. Ca and Li were determined using the air-acetylene flame and Sr with nitrous oxide-acetylene flame, according to the manufacturer's recommendations. The contents of Sr in the fermented milk products ranged from 0.21 to 0.79 (mean 0.44 +/- 0.07) and in the marine smoked fish from 0.02 to 4.63 (mean 1.16 +/- 0.24) mg/kg of the edible form of both products. Li contents in the milk products ranged from 0.01 to 0.50 (mean 0.07 +/- 0.04) and in the smoked fish from 0.00 to 0.58 (mean 0.11 +/- 0.08) mg/kg. The calcium was highest in the milk products and ranged from 1,010 to 2,020.0 (mean 1,377 +/- 143) mg/kg. In the smoked fish calcium varied strongly and ranged from 40 to 1,052 (mean 303 +/- 53) mg/kg of the edible form. The calculated average ratio of strontium to calcium (mg Sr/1 g Ca) in the milk beverages and yogurts amounted 0.32 and in the smoked fish was 12 times as high and amounted 3.84. The main purpose of this work was to present Ca, Sr and Li together. This is justified because Sr and to some extent also Li are able to modulate Ca metabolism and vice versa.
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PMID:Content of strontium, lithium and calcium in selected milk products and in some marine smoked fish. 1210 23

A microwave digestion procedure for asphaltite ash was developed in an attempt to facilitate routine analysis and obtain reproducible conditions or comparable results. The conditions of the most effective procedure for 0.1 g asphaltite ash samples are 1 ml of HNO3 + 3 ml of HCl + 1 ml of HF + 1 ml of deionized water as acid mixture and 15 min for digestion time. The digestion was accomplished in five stages applying continuously 90% to 20% of the microwave power and 20 to 100 psi of the pressure for 10 min of total time. Concentrations of selected elements, Cr, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn were measured using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. The proposed method of digestion provided precise results with relative standard deviations generally less than 3% for investigated elements. Results for fly ash as standard reference material was in good agreement with certified values.
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PMID:Comparison of microwave digestion procedures for the determination of some elements in asphaltite ash using ICP-AES. 1255 36

Major, minor and trace elemental contents in northeast China soybeans were determined by using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Three different sample digestion methods including two wet digestions, HNO3-HClO4 and HNO3-H2SO4 and a dry ash method were compared. Owing to the high oil content in soybeans, long time is needed and access acid should be added with mixed acid digestion methods, which may result in higher sample blank. Therefore, the dry ask method would be more proper for the pre-treatment of soybean samples. Potassium and phosphorus are major elements in soybeans, so the effect of potassium and phosphorus on the other elements was investigated. Results showed that the potassium and phosphorus did not affect the determination of other trace elements. There are not significant differences in trace elemental contents for the eleven northeast China soybeans.
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PMID:[Major, minor and trace-elemental contents analysis in northeast soybeans by ICP-AES]. 1293 96

In HNO3 medium the fading reaction of arsenazo III oxidated with Cr2O7(2-) was used as to determine trace Cr in fly ash containing Cr. The results show that the fading reaction has high sensitivity in the medium of 3.2 mol.L-1 nitric acid, the molar absorptivity of 3.9 x 10(6) L.mol-1.cm-1 at 520 nm, and Beer's law is obeyed for Cr (VI) in the range of 0.0-40.0 micrograms.L-1. Contents of Cr in fly ash were determined with satisfactory results.
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PMID:[Spectrophotometric determination of trace chromium in fly ash]. 1294 11

A new method is described for the analysis of whole coal for the major ash forming elements by ICP-AES. The major ash forming elements were extracted with HF and HNO3 in an ultrasonic water bathe. The best proportion of the acid and the time of extraction were studied. Compared with the ash content of coal, the extraction ratio is more than 95%. Recovery ratio is between 96%-104%. RSD of extraction and determination is less than 4% (n = 9).
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PMID:[Acid extraction of coal for the determination of major ash forming elements by ICP-AES]. 1294 63

The United States generates 110 million t of coal ash annually. Approximately 70 million t of this coal ash is fly ash, of which 27% is recycled and the remaining 73% is landfilled. Disposal of such a huge quantity of ash poses a significant environmental problem. A new cementitious material has been developed, called alkali ash material (AAM), which is used to produce concrete for construction. AAM can be used to create a variety of concrete strengths and could revolutionize the concrete product manufacturing industry due to its economic advantage. AAM contains 40-95% Class F fly ash and is used as cement to bind sand, stone, and fibers creating concrete. AAM concrete has been tested for strength, durability, mechanical properties, and, most importantly, economic viability. AAM concrete is economically and technically viable for many construction applications. Some properties include rapid strength gain (90% of ultimate in 1 d), high ultimate strengths (110 MPa or 16,000 psi in 1 d), excellent acid resistance, and freeze-thaw durability. AAM's resistance to chemical attack, such as sulfuric (H2SO4), nitric (HNO3), hydrochloric (HCl), and organic acids, is far better than portland cement concrete. AAM is resistant to freeze-thaw attack based on ASTM C-666 specifications. Potential immediate applications of AAM are blocks, pipe, median barriers, sound barriers, and overlaying materials. Eventual markets are high strength construction products, bridge beams, prestressed members, concrete tanks, highway appurtenances, and other concrete products.
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PMID:Alkali ash material: a novel fly ash-based cement. 1296 95

Surface characterization of coal fly ash (CFA) was carried out by use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), especially focusing on the occurrence of As. A peak in the XPS spectrum of CFA was assigned to oxide forms of As(3d). The molar ratios of Al, As, Ca, Fe, and S normalized to Si were obtained from XPS analysis (MR-X). Also, the molar ratios of those elements were calculated from bulk analysis (total element concentration in CFA) (MR-B). The MR-X/MR-B ratio of As was much higher than those of other elements, suggesting that As is highly enriched on the surface of CFA. When eight CFA samples were analyzed, there was an approximate relationship between the MR-X values and MR-B values for As. The leaching of elements from CFA was examined by XPS analysis and by bulk analysis. The leaching tests using EDTA and HNO3 resulted in a great decrease in the As(3d) peak area; the %leaching of As obtained by XPS analysis was almost equal to that by bulk analysis.
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PMID:Analysis of arsenic and some other elements in coal fly ash by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 1575 68

The major limitation of soil application of sewage sludge compost is the total heavy metal contents and their bioavailability to the soil-plant system. This study was conducted to determine the heavy metal speciation and the influence of changing the physico-chemical properties of the medium in the course of composting on the concentrations, bioavailability or chemical forms of Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni in sewage sludge. Principal physical and chemical properties and FTIR spectroscopical characterization of sludge compost during treatment show the stability and maturity of end product. The total metal contents in the final compost were much lower than the limit values of composts to be used as good soil fertilizer. Furthermore, it was observed by using a sequential extraction procedure in sludge compost at different steps of treatment, that a large proportion of the heavy metals were associated to the residual fraction (70-80%) and more resistant fractions to extraction X-NaOH, X-EDTA, X-HNO3 (12-29%). Less than 2% of metals bound to bioavailable fractions X-(KNO3+H2O). Heavy metal distribution and bioavailability show some changes during composting depending on the metal itself and the physico-chemical properties of the medium. Bioavailable fractions of all elements tend to decrease except Ni-H2O. Zn and mainly Cu present more affinity to organic and carbonate fractions. In contrast, Pb is usually preferentially bound to sulfide forms X-HNO3. Nickel shows a significant decrease of organic form. Significant degrees of correlation were found between heavy metal fractions and changes of some selected variables (e.g. pH, ash, organic matter, humic substance) during the course of composting. Mobile fractions of metals are poorly predictable from the total content. The R2 value was significantly increased by the inclusion of other variables such as the amount of organic matter (OM) and pH.
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PMID:Sequential extraction of heavy metals during composting of sewage sludge. 1581 8

In this paper, 0.1 mol x L(-1) HCl, 6 mol x L(-1) HCl, pH 7.0 1 mol x L(-1) NH4Ac was oscillated and 6 mol x L-' HCI was boilled to extract and determine K, Na, Ca, Zn, Fe, Mn, Mg and Cu. Comparing with classical method that popularly used HNO3-HCl04 to degest and ash samples,the results indicated that for macroelement K,Na and Mg several extraction methods are similar to classical method,the recovery was 90%-115%,for microelement Zn, Mn and Fe could be extracted using pH7.0 1 mol x L(-1) NH4Ac, 0.1 mol x L(-1) HCI, 6 mol x L(1) HCI oscillating,the recovery was 100%-115%. Cu could be analysed using 6 mol x L(-1) HCI boiling. But the results of Ca were not better because of the enhancement effect. The results with ash sample were lower because many elements were lost when ash temperature was up to 450 degrees C. These methods of exatraction pretreatment are simple and rapid. The recovery and precision are satisfactory.
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PMID:[Study on pretreatment for the determination of several nutrition element in eggs with AAS]. 1581 76

Silica supported iron catalyst was prepared from rice husk ash (RHA) via the sol-gel technique using an aqueous solution of iron(III) salt in 3.0 M HNO3. The sample was dried at 110 degrees C and labeled as RHA-Fe. A sample of RHA-Fe was calcined at 700 degrees C for 5 h and labeled as RHA-Fe700. X-ray diffraction spectrogram showed that both RHA-Fe and RHA-Fe700 were amorphous. The SEM/EDX results showed that the metal was present as agglomerates and the Fe ions were not homogeneously distributed in RHA-Fe but RHA-Fe700 was shown to be homogeneous. The specific surface areas for RHA-Fe and RHA-Fe700 were determined by BET nitrogen adsorption studies and found to be 87.4 and 55.8 m(2) g(-1), respectively. Both catalysts showed high activity in the reaction between toluene and benzyl chloride. The mono-substituted benzyltoluene was the major product and both catalysts yielded more than 92% of the product. The GC showed that both the ortho- and para-substituted monoisomers were present in about equal quantities. The minor products consisting of 16 di-substituted isomers were also observed in the GC-MS spectra of both catalytic products. The catalyst was found to be reusable without loss of activity and with no leaching of the metal.
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PMID:Iron incorporated heterogeneous catalyst from rice husk ash. 1699 77


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