Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0205700 (ash)
 15,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two groups of weanling pigs, injected with 45Ca, were fed diets containing optimal calcium and phosphorus, and vitamin D3 at 1320 IU/kg feed in the control group, and 825,000 IU/kg feed in the test group. The groups were further subdivided with 2 pigs in each subgroup, with survival times of 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 14 days. Pigs fed the high level of vitamin D3 lost weight and anorexia, weakness, rough hair coat and labored breathing were observed. Hypercalcemia began at 12 hours and progressed rapidly after 2 days. Radioisotope sutdies interpreted in the light of histopathologic findings indicated that bone was the primary source of increased plasma calcium. Calcium was released at a rapid rate into blood from prelabeled bone which was undergoing necrosis; it was also removed from blood and deposited into bone at a slower rate due to decreased apposition. Histopathologic examination of bones from test pigs showed regressive changes in the osteocytes, chondrocytes and osteoblasts which bean within 1 day of treatment and resulted in evidence osteopenia within 7 days. Arrested osteocytic osteolysis led to the appearance of cementing lines and to chondroid core retention. Further regressive changes in the osteocytes resulted in osteocytic death and osteonecrosis with subsequent osteoclasia and osteopenia. Retardation and arrest of cartilage maturation as well as osteoblastic deficiency contributed to the osteopenia. The osteopenia was further evidenced by decreased specific gravity and ash content per unit volume of humerus. The initial negative effect on the osteocytes, chondrocytes and osteoblasts is attributed to a direct toxic effect of excessive dietary vitamin D3 since hypoparathyroidism and hypercalcitoninism, which occur secondarily to hypercalcemia, could not account for the rapid appearance of this effect, nor are they known to induce osteocytic death. The release of bone calcium and the resulting hypercalcemia in vitamin D3 toxicosis is therefore due to a direct toxic effect of the vitamin, or its metabolites, on the osteocyte resulting in osteonecrosis. It is not due to increased resorption as has been reported previously from both in vivo and in vitro investigations. Degeneration, with subsequent inflammation, but without calcification, was observed in the kidneys and in the lungs. Epithelial cells, basement membranes, and smooth muscle were affected. This conclusively demonstrates that degeneration is the primary soft tissue lesion in vitamin D3 toxicosis, and that the subsequent calcification is therefore dystrophic. Degenerative changes occurred in the parathyroid glands within 1 day of treatment resulting in necrosis, inflammation and atrophy within 4 days. Relative fibrosis was seen as the parenchyma receded. The parathyroid gland changes were considered a direct effect of vitamin D3 toxicity since they occurred with only mild hypercalcemia and since necrosis of parathyroid cells has not been demonstrated with hypercalcemia either in vivo or in vitro.
 ...
PMID:Vitamin D toxicity. Initial site and mode of action. 66 94

We have developed a localized noninvasive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method for determining the accumulated bone fluoride content in human index fingers. Using a 27 MHz "split-ring" resonator probe, we measure the total fluoride (F) content within a 6.5 cm length of the distal end of the index finger from a calibrated determination of the intensity of the observed 19F free induction decay (FID) signal. Since fluoride impurities accumulate almost exclusively in bone mineral, the 19F resonance signal is broadened by rigid lattice magnetic dipole-dipole interactions, causing the FID signal to have a relatively short lifetime of approximately 75 microseconds. This short signal lifetime, plus the weakness of the signal strength prevents conventional magnetic resonance imaging equipment from observing the 19F in bone mineral. Nevertheless, we have achieved an in vivo sensitivity of +/- 0.5 mg fluoride in an observation period of 30 min. Assuming an index finger has between 0.25 and 0.5 g of bone calcium, this sensitivity is just sufficient to detect fluorides in the index finger of most adults whose bone fluoride concentration is greater than 2.0 mg fluoride/g calcium (0.8 mg/g ash weight). We are particularly interested in using this new NMR technique to monitor the rate of bone fluoride accumulation in osteoporotic patients receiving therapeutic levels of fluoride in their diets.
 ...
PMID:In vivo measurement of accumulated bone fluorides by nuclear magnetic resonance. 233 43

The material in the present study considered of 42 pigs. The pigs received different amounts of Ca and P in the feed. Observations were made on the blood serum Ca, P, AP, HP, and 25-OH-D3 levels, the ash content of the Mc III, and on the clinical behaviour of the pigs. The pigs were divided into 6 groups (3 X 6 Finnish Landrace and 3 X 8 Large White). The piglets used in each case were from the same sow, sired by the same boar, ensuring similar genetic backgrounds. The duration of the experiment was 85 to 100 days. The Ca and P contents of the feed were 1.24/ 1%, 0.41/0.49%, 0.48/0.76%, 1.3/0.7%, 0.41/0.74%, 0.44/1.83%. The declared content of D3 in the feed mixture was 2 000 IU/kg. At the end of the experiment, SCa levels were normal, but SP levels had risen in the groups fed 0.41/0.74% and 0.44/1.83%. SAP and SHP levels were normal. The 25-OH-D3 levels were within the same range for all groups investigated. The groups receiving low levels of Ca developed an osteodystrophia fibrosa, which, together with osteochondrosis, resulted in a leg weakness syndrome. The ash contents of the Mc III were lowest in the groups receiving a feed poor in Ca.
 ...
PMID:Effects of Ca and P levels in the feed on serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, hydroxyproline and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels, and on the ash content of the third metacarpal bone in pigs. 664 20

Acute accidental vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) toxicosis was diagnosed in a 6-month-old foal with extensive lesions of soft tissue mineralization. In an experimental study, three 18-month-old horses were given ergocalciferol per os at a rate of 9,300, 22,200, or 47,200 IU/kg of body weight/day for 21 days. Clinical signs or lesions were not seen in horses given the low and intermediate doses, whereas the horse receiving the highest dose developed clinical signs and lesions similar to those noted in the foal. Signs included depression, loss of appetite, weakness, limb stiffness with impaired mobility, and cessation of growth or weight loss. Gross and histologic lesions of mineralization of various soft tissues, especially of the endocardium and wall of large blood vessels, were seen in the foal and the horse given the high dose. Marked, persistent, hyperphosphatemia (7.0 to 13.0 mg of P/dl of serum) developed in each horse. The horse given the intermediate dose remained normocalcemic. Horses given the low and high doses became hypercalcemic (13.6 to 14.5 mg of Ca/dl of serum), but serum calcium concentrations varied from day to day and both horses were normocalcemic at necropsy (12.4 to 12.7 mg of Ca/dl of serum). Distal metacarpal bone ash concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium of the foal were mg/g of bone ash) 400.5, 180.5, and 5.30, respectively. In the horses, treatment with ergocalciferol also had no significant effect on serum magnesium (1.88 to 2.18 mg/dl of serum) or distal metacarpal bone ash concentrations of calcium (352.5 to 362.5 mg/g of bone ash), phosphorus (182.5 to 184.0 mg/g of bone ash), or magnesium (5.48 to 6.02 mg/g of bone ash).
 ...
PMID:Acute vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) toxicosis in horses: case report and experimental studies. 697 34

Nineteen lactating or recently weaned sows that had a history of lameness, weakness or paralysis were studied at necropsy. Ten sows had osteoporosis and pathological fractures while six had lumbar vertebral osteomyelitis. Values for bone ash, specific gravity of bone and the cortical to total ratio were significantly reduced in sows with osteoporosis and pathological fractures.
 ...
PMID:Pathological findings associated with locomotory disturbances in lactating and recently weaned sows. 720 Mar 84

Care in the community has consistently been found to be cheaper, and has often been found to be better, for selected patients on demonstration sites. Most cost advantages are obtained by shortening or even eliminating the initial period of in-patient care. Health economists can compute cost equations which relate clinical characteristics of patients to treatment costs incurred later. As old long stay patients are discharged, a degree of cost inflation is inevitable for both the hospital and the community service. Strong links have been shown both between costs and client needs, and costs, and client outcomes. Integrating mental health services with primary care has been shown to increase total costs of the service, but to decrease costs per treated case. One weakness of CMH schemes is that they are vulnerable to sudden cutbacks, so that the shift of resource to the community may not actually occur. The evidence about the efficacy of case management is conflicting, but day-care can be used as a method of shortening initial admission for some patients.
 ...
PMID:Cost-effectiveness studies in the evaluation of mental health services in the community: current knowledge and unsolved problems. 762 31

Skeletal problems are common in both young and old poultry and are often related to bone weakness. They affect mortality on the farm and condemnations within processing plant and thus raise both welfare and economic concerns. To understand the basis of bone strength, the metaphyseal histology, composition, and the biomechanical properties of tibiae from 7- and 72-wk-old male and female broiler breeder chickens were compared. The biochemical constituents included ash, collagen, proteoglycan, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), pyridinium crosslinks, and the organic matrix-associated fluorescence. Blood variables were measured to determine the metabolic status of these birds as related to bone physiology. Although there were no differences in blood chemistry of 7-wk-old males and females, there were several differences between young and old birds. The levels of calcium, triglyceride, and iron were higher in older females than in older males. The collagen content was reduced, and the proteoglycan content increased in 72-wk-old hens. The TGF-beta content of bones from 7-wk-old females was higher than that of other groups of birds. Bone strength and stiffness, measured using loads at break and Young's modulus, respectively, were higher in older birds. The presence of medullary bones in 72-wk-old hens did not affect their bone strength, although it reduced strain values and increased Young's modulus. Compared to other groups, the 72-wk-old hens had a higher content of an inorganic matrix. The levels of hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP) and lysylpyridinoline (LP) and the collagenase-extractable fluorescence of the organic matrix from older birds was higher. The decalcified bone matrix from older birds also showed higher susceptibility to bacterial collagenase than their younger counterparts. Bone strength showed positive correlations with its ash content, density, pyridinium crosslinks, and the fluorescence of the matrix. However, the correlation was strong with both pyridinium crosslinks and the fluorescence of the organic matrix. These results suggest that bone strength is influenced by the content of its collagen crosslinks.
 ...
PMID:Comparative differences in the composition and biomechanical properties of tibiae of seven- and seventy-two-week-old male and female broiler breeder chickens. 1047 52

On a broiler farm with a rearing capacity of about 200,000 chickens, a disease characterised by growth retardation, variability in chick size, 'leg weakness', diarrhoea and increased mortality at 3 weeks of age occurred repeatedly, in several successive broiler flocks. Gross and histopathological findings were dominated by widening of the hypertrophic and ossification layers of the physes of long bones as well as by thickening, unevenness and defective calcification of the cartilage trabeculae. In the parathyroid gland, vacuolar degeneration of the cytoplasm of glandular epithelial cells, connective tissue proliferation and, here and there, cyst formation were seen. Additional findings included severe cerebellar oedema and neuronal degeneration. The pancreatic, myocardial and intestinal changes typical of infectious stunting syndrome (ISS) occurred only in a mild form. Four-week-old chickens exhibiting 'leg weakness' had significantly lower blood inorganic phosphate concentration and tibial ash content as compared to healthy chickens. The disease was successfully transmitted by oral administration of small intestinal homogenate from affected chickens. In a second experiment, however, the disease could not be transmitted with intestinal homogenate sterilized by irradiation. Large doses of vitamin D3 reduced the rate of growth retardation and defective calcification of bones. The digestive enzyme activities of the pancreas and small intestinal mucosa of 'infected' chickens were decreased as is typical of ISS.
 ...
PMID:Infectious stunting syndrome associated with disturbances of mineral metabolism and bone development in broiler chickens. 1049 30

Adolescent meat-type poultry and cage layers exhibit a high incidence of bone problems that include bone weakness, deformity, breakage, and infection and osteoporosis-related mortalities. These problems include economic and welfare issues. To improve bone quality in poultry, it is essential to understand the physiological basis of bone maturity and strength in poultry. A complex array of factors that include structural, architectural, compositional, physiological, and nutritional factors interactively determine bone quality and strength. Bone is approximately 70% mineral, 20% organic, and 10% water. Collagen is the major organic matrix that confers tensile strength to the bone, whereas hydroxyapatite provides compressional strength. In recent years, the roles of different collagen crosslinks have been shown to be important in the increase of bone mechanical strength. Similarly, age-related glyco-oxidative modifications of collagen have been shown to increase the stiffness of collagen. These posttranslational modifications of matrix can affect bone quality as it would be affected by the changes in the mineralization process. Our studies show that the growth in the tibia continued until 25 wk of age, which correlated with the increase in the content of hydroxylysylpridinoline (HP) and lysylpyridinoline (LP), the collagen crosslinks. The tibia from 5-wk-old chicks were strong but brittle because of low collagen crosslinks and high mineral content. Bone maturity may relate to its crosslink content. Compared to crosslink content, bone density and ash content showed moderate increases during growth. The bones from younger turkeys were more susceptible to corticosteroid-induced stunting of growth, which also resulted in decreased bone strength. This review discusses how different factors can compromise bone strength by reducing growth, altering shape, affecting mineralization, and affecting collagen crosslinking.
 ...
PMID:Factors regulating bone maturity and strength in poultry. 1090 Dec 6

From ancient times, Swarnabhasma (gold ash) has been used in several clinical manifestations including loss of memory, defective eyesight, infertility, overall body weakness and incidence of early aging. Swarnabhasma has been used by Ayurvedic physicians to treat different diseases like bronchial asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, nervous disorders, etc. In the present investigation, Swarnabhasma was prepared after proper purification and calcination as per Ayurvedic pharmacy which consisted of Realger (As(2)S(2)), Lead oxide (Pb(3)O(4)), Pure gold (Au) and Latex of Calotropis gigantea. Qualitative analyses indicated that Swarnabhasma contained not only gold but also several microelements (Fe, Al, Cu, Zn, Co, Mg, Ca, As, Pb, etc.). Infrared spectroscopy showed that the material was free from any organic compound. The metal content in the bhasma was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Acute oral administration of Swarnabhasma showed no mortality in mice (up to 1 ml /20 g b.w. of Swarnabhasma suspension containing 1mg of drug). Chronic administration of Swarnabhasma also showed no toxicity as judged by SGPT, SGOT, serum creatinine and serum urea level and histological studies. In an experimental animal model, chronic Swarnabhasma-treated animals showed significantly increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, two enzymes that reduce free radical concentrations in the body.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of chemical constituents and free-radical scavenging activity of Swarnabhasma (gold ash), an ayurvedic drug. 1200 4


1 2 Next >>