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Query: UMLS:C0205700 (ash)
 15,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Erythema dyschromicum perstans is a rare idiopathic dermatosis characterized by ash-grey, well-demarcated skin lesions, which may involve the face. We describe an 8-year-old girl with erythema dyschromicum perstans presenting as bilateral acquired periorbital hyperpigmentation. The changes seen on histologic study of a skin biopsy specimen were consistent with the clinical diagnosis. The various causes of periorbital hyperpigmentation and characteristics of erythema dyschromicum perstans are reviewed.
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PMID:Periorbital hyperpigmentation and erythema dyschromicum perstans. 149 Feb 47

Repeated ingestion of high doses of retinoids cause the so-called hypervitaminosis A syndrome. In rats the main symptoms are weight loss, alopecia, erythema, desquamation of the skin, and alterations of the skeletal system, including bone fractures. In the present study, three retinoids (Ro 15-1570, arotinoid ethylsulfone, 6 mg/kg; retinoic acid, 100 mg/kg and etretinate, 50 mg/kg) were administered orally to rats for 1 and 2 weeks, respectively, to six male and six female rats/group. All the above changes were induced by all three retinoids, with the exception that the arotinoid ethylsulfone Ro 15-1570 did not cause bone alterations. The absence of toxic effects on the bones by Ro 15-1570 was confirmed by X-ray-film examinations, densitometry of the X-rayed femora and tibiae, examination of the thickness of the femoral and tibial compacta in histological slides plus the determination of the femoral ash weight and its main inorganic constituents (calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium). The present demonstration that the arotinoid ethylsulfone Ro 15-1570 was devoid of bone toxicity constitutes major progress in the pharmacologic development of retinoids with a better balance between therapeutic and adverse effects.
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PMID:Ro 15-1570, a new sulfur-containing retinoid devoid of bone toxicity in rats. 653 76

A 31-year-old man presented with a long history of rhinoconjunctivitis and sneezing that lasted from March to May. The man kept a chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus) as a pet and reported about recurrent urticarial lesions, erythema, and itch after skin contact with the animal. The reactions started within a few minutes and were restricted specifically to the contact sites with the animal's claws. No comparable reactions occurred in other subjects. Allergy testing confirmed allergy to hazel, alder, birch, and ash pollen, and additionally revealed sensitization to house dust mite, cat, and Ficus benjamina. Apparently the contact dermatitis originated from passive transfer of Ficus benjamina allergens to the patient's skin by the reptile which habitually climbed on a big Ficus benjamina tree in the patient's home, thereby contaminating its claws with the plant's allergenic milky sap. Careful examination revealed strong perforation of many leaves by the pointed claws. The patient denied respiratory symptoms from Ficus benjamina and intolerance of Ficus-associated fruits.
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PMID:[Allergic contact urticaria caused by a chameleon. Expression of sensitization to Ficus benjamina]. 1565 32

Phytantriol is an alcohol used in around 100 cosmetic products at concentrations ranging from 0.0002% to 1.0%, although uses at concentrations up to 3% are under development. Phytanriol is supplied at 95.2% and 96.0% purity. Impurities include water, sulphated ash, heavy metals, and a diastereomer of Phytantriol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxyhexadecane. Dermal penetration is low; skin permeability was calculated as log Kp = - 1.734. Oral LD50 values in mice and rats were reported to be > 5000 mg/kg. Ocular application of 100% Phytantriol did cause severe corneal damage in some animals, at 23% in diethyl phthalate only slight corneal opacity was seen, and at 10% transient opacity was seen, which resolved by 48 h. Phytantriol at 100% was a severe skin irritant in animal tests. Phytantriol at 3% and 10% in diethyl phthalate produced only slight erythema, which cleared by 48 h. Phytantriol, in the Longhorn egg chorioallantoic membrane assay, was found to have almost no irritation potential when tested at 3% concentration in corn oil. Phytantriol at 25% did produce sensitization in a maximization test, but concentrations of 1% and lower did not cause a sensitization response. Phytantriol is neither phototoxic nor photoallergenic. Phytantriol did not induce aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes, when tested within cytotoxicity limits, nor was it mutagenic in Ames tests, with or without metabolic activation. None of 101 human volunteers reacted initially or to challenge patches of 3% Phytantriol in corn oil. In another investigation of 227 volunteers induced and challenged with 3% Phytantriol in 70:30 ethyl alcohol/water, one person had a mild reaction to the first induction patch; this was the only positive reaction during the induction and challenge phases for all of the volunteers. Phytantriol had no adverse effects in any of 206 volunteer subjects in a repeat insult patch test at 5%. Although data were not available with which to assess reproductive and developmental toxicity and carcinogenic potential, there were no structural alerts suggesting that these end points should be of concern. Dermal penetration is low, and Phytantriol is not genotoxic. Although products containing this ingredient may be aerosolized, typical particle sizes for cosmetic aerosol products are larger than are respirable. Although this ingredient can be irritating and produce sensitization reactions at high concentrations, such effects are absent at lower concentrations. The Panel concluded that cosmetic products could be formulated at concentrations as high as 3% without significant irritation or sensitization.
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PMID:Final report on the safety assessment of phytantriol. 1736 38

Treatment of acne vulgaris can be challenging for both patients and physicians. Topical retinoids are often considered first-line therapy for the treatment of all but the most severe forms of acne. A variety of formulations of topical retinoids, including adapalene and tazarotene, are available but tazarotene 0.1% gel is widely perceived to be the most efficacious. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a new, higher concentration of adapalene, adapalene 0.3% gel, compared to tazarotene 0.1% gel in the treatment of acne vulgaris. The primary efficacy outcome was the percent reduction in total lesion count at week 12. Subjects 12 to 35 years of age with acne vulgaris (N=172) participated in a 12-week, randomized, evaluator-blinded, noninferiority study of once-daily therapy with adapalene 0.3% gel or tazarotene 0.1% gel. Subjects in each group achieved clinically significant reductions in total lesion counts at week 12 (61% and 57% median reductions for adapalene and tazarotene, respectively); adapalene 0.3% gel was noninferior to tazarotene 0.1% gel (95% confidence interval [CI]: -5.2-9.6). The adapalene arm was also therapeutically similar to the tazarotene arm in terms of the percent reduction in inflammatory and noninflammatory lesion counts at week 12, as well as in the assessments of acne severity and improvement. Mean tolerability scores for erythema, dryness, scaling, and stinging/burning were consistently lower in the adapalene arm compared to patients treated with tazarotene (P<.014 at week 12, Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel [CMH] test). The worst score for any tolerability parameter in the treatment phase in the adapalene arm was less than 1 (mild). Adapalene was also associated with a lower incidence of treatment-related adverse events when compared to tazarotene (3.5% versus 14%, respectively). Once daily therapy with adapalene 0.3% gel provided similar efficacy (noninferior) to tazarotene 0.1% gel in the treatment of acne vulgaris, but demonstrated a superior tolerability profile.
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PMID:Efficacy and tolerability of adapalene 0.3% gel compared to tazarotene 0.1% gel in the treatment of acne vulgaris. 1857 20