Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 15,125 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was aimed to evaluate the noninvasive method of radioisotopic angiocardiography for detecting a disproportionate thickning of the interventricular septum relative to the left ventricular free wall in the patient with idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The experimental study was performed to compare the imaged size of myocardial wall obtained my filling up with technetium 99 m labeled sponge in biventricular cavities, with the actually measured thickness of the heart specimen. The resultant correlation between actual and imaged size of the left ventricular wall was excellent (r = 0.95). In the clinical application of this method, a gated cardiac blood pool scan was performed after the intravenous administration of technetium 99 m labeled human serum albumin in a dose of 10 mCi. The cardiac images were obtained in anterior, 30, 35, 40 and 45 degree left anterior oblique projection, and evaluated by visual inspection and semi-quantitatively by tracing the myocardial borders. As a result, the imaged asymmetric septal hypertrophy was evident in all four patients with PMD, with a ratio of septum to left ventricular free wall of 1.35 compared to 0.76 in five patients with left ventricular hypertrophy of known heart disease, and 0.88 in twenty-one miscellaneous cardiac patients without left ventricular hypertrophy. Thus, RI angiocardiography provides a safe, repeatable method for detection and evaluation of Primary Myocardial Disease.
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PMID:[RI angiocardiography of idiopathic cardiomyopathy (author's transl)]. 13 76

A complete and authentic picture of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the milk of Homo sapiens is presented. Older original references are reexamined along with data prublished during the last 2 decades. Mature human milk is made up of 3%-5% fat, 0.8%-0.0% protein, 6.9%-7.2% carbohydrate calculated as lactose, and 0.2% mineral constituents expressed as ash. The energy content is 60-75 kcal/100ml. Protein content is considerably higher and carbohydrate content lower in colostrum than in mature milk. Fat content does not vary consistently during lactation but exhibits large diurnal variations and increases during the course of each nursing. Race, age, parity, or diet fail to have a great affect on milk composition. There is no consistent compositional difference between milks from the 2 breasts unless 1 breast is infected. The principal proteins of human milk are a casein homologous to bovine B-casein, a-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, immunoglobulin IgA, lysozyme, and serum albumin. Lactose is the principal sugar of human milk. Human milk fat is characterized by high contents of palmitic and oleic acids, the former heavily concentrated in the 2-position and the latter in the 1- and 3-positions of the triglycerides. The principal mineral constituents of human milk are Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, and C1. About 25% of the total nitrogen of human milk represents nonprotein compounds. These include urea, uric acid, creatine, creatinine, and a large number of amino acids.
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PMID:The composition of human milk. 39 66

Measurements of the bone vascular space by use of 99mTc-labelled red cells and 131I-serum albumin, and of the 3H-inulin spaces and total water contents were carried out in female rats treated for four weeks by daily subcutaneous injections of 15 mg cortisone acetate. Significant decreases in bone vascularity, inulin space and water contents were noted as compared to controls. These changes were not associated with differences in plasma calcium values, or parathyroid gland weights. They were found to be present together with significant decreases in bone density and ash contents of the femoral shafts in the steroid-treated animals. It is suggested that the changes in the vascular and extravascular fluid spaces of bones were probably consequent upon a generally depressed level of cellular activity and bone turnover, which could be found in steroid induced osteoporosis.
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PMID:Changes in the red cell, plasma and inulin spaces and in the total water contents of rat femurs in cortisone induced osteoporosis. 70 6

We have studied the standardization of total serum protein assay with the biuret reaction. Standard solutions were prepared from lyophilized preparations of human serum albumin and bovine serum albumin, with corrections made for volatile material and ash contents. These solutions and a solution of crystalline albumin standard were analyzed with a new stable biuret reagent, to establish absorptivity values (values for the absorbance of a 1 g/liter final reaction mixture). The mean values obtained were 0.302, 0.292, and 0.290 for human serum albumin, bovine serum albumin, and the crystalline albumin, respectively. We believe that the established absorptivity value will improve the accuracy of serum protein determinations. We studied the linearity of the relation between color produced and protein concentration, with use of the solutions described above and a serum pool. The color adheres to Beer's law up to the highest concentration tested: 3 g/liter for HSA and BSA, and 2.8 g/liter for serum in the final reaction mixture. The new biuret reagent has been stable for one year at room temperature. We recommend the use of bovine serum albumin as a primary standard for serum protein assays. It is inexpensive, easily available, and exhibits the best linearity in the biuret reaction.
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PMID:Standards for total serum protein assays--a collaborative study. 116 35

A 63 year old man reported rhinitis and asthma, which occurred only at work where he was exposed to ash wood dust. Monitoring of peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) and bronchial responsiveness to histamine when off work and at work showed increased variation of PEFR at work but no significant changes in nonspecific bronchial responsiveness assessed by the provocation concentration producing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20). Specific inhalation challenges were carried out in a special challenge room with ash wood dust. During the exposure for only 3 minutes, the mean concentration of particles was 3 mg-m3 and about 50% of particles had a diameter less than 10 mu. An immediate bronchospastic reaction was documented. Antibodies to a human serum albumin (HSA) ash wood conjugate were not significantly increased.
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PMID:Occupational asthma caused by exposure to ash wood dust (Fraxinus americana). 266 Dec 61

Lines of swine previously selected for either high backfat (obese) or low backfat (lean) were investigated to determine the effect of maternal obesity and the relationship between serum parameters and body composition. Fetal weight, percentage body protein, fat, fat-free organic matter and ash, and serum concentrations of albumin, growth hormone, triiodothyronine, and cortisol were compared in fetuses from straight line and reciprocal crosses at 110 days of gestation. Fetuses from the obese line weighed less but had a greater percentage body protein, fat, and fat-free organic matter than did fetuses from the lean line. Serum concentrations of albumin and triiodothyronine were less whereas those of growth hormone were greater in fetuses from the lean line compared to fetuses from the obese line. Values for these parameters in fetuses from the reciprocal crosses were generally intermediate to those of fetuses from the lean and obese lines. Comparisons of fetuses from the reciprocal and line crosses by linear contrast showed that the observed differences were mainly due to the average genetic effect of individual fetal genotypes and not due to maternal effects. Correlations computed from the residual variance showed a positive relationship between percentage body protein, serum albumin, and triiodothyronine while percentage body fat was not correlated with any of the other traits. Serum growth hormone was negatively correlated with fetal weight. We conclude that there is no apparent maternal effect of obesity or relationship of fetal fat content with any of the other variables measured in these lines of swine at the stage of fetal development at which these determinations were made.
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PMID:Blood parameters and body composition in fetuses from reciprocal crosses of genetically lean and obese swine. 403 28

1. Materials containing hyaluronic acid have been prepared by filtration (Ogston & Stanier, 1950) from ox synovial fluid and from a protein-rich human mesothelioma fluid. The ox material has been deproteinized by treatment with chloroform and pentanol and by gradient elution on DEAE-Sephadex; several fractions were obtained by the latter method. These materials can be stored in solution at -20 degrees without change of properties. The ox material contained 21% of protein; all other preparations contained less than 6% of protein. 2. The two materials have been compared by sedimentation and viscosity and shown to be closely similar. Treatment of the ox material with neuraminidase caused no change in its viscosity behaviour. 3. Information about the molecular configuration of the ox material has been obtained from measurements of light-scattering and viscosity. The results, though consistent with a highly extended configuration, are not consistent with a linear random-coil configuration. It is tentatively suggested that the structure may have some degree of branching and of cross-linking, which give it a rigidity with respect to expansion of the molecular domain that would not be possessed by a random coil. 4. The deproteinized material recovered from DEAE-Sephadex, though polydisperse, showed unchanged average molecular weight; however, the average radius of gyration was greater than before this treatment. 5. Acidification to approx. pH3 resulted in a contraction of the structure, with only a slight degree of expansion when the pH was restored to 6.8-7.0. 6. Measurements of optical rotatory dispersion qualitatively support a structure less simple than a linear random coil. 7. Colloid osmotic pressures of mixed solutions of bovine serum albumin and of hyaluronic acid prepared by filtration from ox synovial fluid have been measured. The results agree approximately with those of Laurent & Ogston (1963) but are in quantitative disagreement with the partition measurements of Ogston & Phelps (1960). The relationships between thermodynamic quantities in a quaternary system of electrolytes are discussed in Appendix 2. 8. Refractometric measurements have been made in connexion with light-scattering measurements, as the basis for a convenient method of determining the concentrations of solutions of hyaluronic acids, and to measure the partition of sodium chloride in dialysis experiments. The theory of the last use is discussed in Appendix 1. 9. Sedimentation measurements on the ox preparation have been made up to a concentration of 1.4x10(-2)g./ml. The form of the sedimentation coefficient-concentration relationship is discussed. The value of the sedimentation coefficient at higher concentration is the basis of an illustration of the likely effect of hyaluronic acid on the flow of water through narrow channels in connective tissue. 10. Available colorimetric methods have been shown to give low estimates for glucuronic acid when applied to highly polymerized materials, as compared with estimates by decarboxylation. A spectrophotometric titration with cetylpyridinium bromide has been shown to give estimates of carboxyl groups that agree well with those of decarboxylation when applied to preparations of hyaluronic acid under suitable conditions; the results are not affected by the presence of protein. 11. Estimates of glucosamine (Ogston, 1964) have been found to be low compared with those of total acetyl, independently of the presence of protein. The magnitude of the discrepancy is characteristically different for preparations from ox synovial fluid and from mesothelioma. 12. Sialic acid was estimated in several preparations. It is likely that this forms part of the protein. 13. Analyses of preparations for total nitrogen, amino acids, total acetyl, glucuronic acid (by decarboxylation) and ash account for at least 95.7% of the dry weight in terms of N-acetylglucosaminyl, glucuronyl, protein and metal ions. Previously published analyses of hyaluronic acids are reviewed. 14. The estimated molar ratios of glucuronic acid to glucosamine were all significantly greater than unity. 15. The analytical results are interpreted as agreeing with the physicochemical measurements in suggesting a more complex structure, for at least some hyaluronic acids, than that of an alternate linear copolymer in random-coil configuration.
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PMID:The composition and physicochemical properties of hyaluronic acids prepared from ox synovial fluid and from a case of mesothelioma. 583 86

Materials indistinguishable from authentic mono- and diiodotyrosines were identified in extracts of normal human serum as well as in extracts of purified human serum albumin. These materials were not found in association with the other serum proteins. Identification of MIT and DIT was made by a technique using rechromatography to constant specific activity, as well as by the Barker wet ash distillation method, which established the compounds in question as being iodinated ones. By two different extraction and chromatographic methods we estimated the amounts of both MIT and DIT present in normal human serum or albumin; the estimates were in good agreement. These compounds together constituted between 19% and 25% of the extractable serum iodine.
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PMID:Materials indistinguishable from iodotyrosines in normal human serum and human serum albumin. 602 88

We have recently demonstrated that pulmonary exposure to residual oil fly ash (ROFA) resulted in enhanced sensitization to house dust mite (HDM) and augmented the development of allergic lung disease after allergen challenge. This effect was associated with increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), a macrophage- and epithelial cell-derived cytokine that promotes granulocyte migration to the lung. The present study examined whether exogenous administration of TNF-alpha enhances sensitization to HDM. One day prior to pulmonary sensitization with 10 microg HDM (5 microg each on days 1 and 3), female Brown Norway rats were instilled via the trachea with either 2.0 microg recombinant rat TNF-alpha, 2.0 microg bovine serum albumin (BSA), or 1,000 microg ROFA, and were challenged with 10 microg HDM 14 days later. Antigen-induced immediate bronchoconstriction responses, antigen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) titers, lymphocyte proliferation, (cytokines (TNF-alpha and interleukin [IL]-13), and eosinophils were elevated in rats treated with ROFA or TNF-alpha compared with BSA-treated controls after HDM challenge. Intratracheal administration of anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody during ROFA exposure did not reduce ROFA-enhanced lymphocyte proliferation or IgE titers, but had a trend for reduced pulmonary inflammation. This study demonstrates that TNF-alpha has similar adjuvant activity as ROFA, but other factors may fulfill this function when TNF-alpha activity is blocked.
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PMID:TNF-alpha enhanced allergic sensitization to house dust mite in brown Norway rats. 1159 21

Changes in chemical composition of Alxa bactrian camels reared in Inner Mongolia (China) during lactation were investigated. Colostrum and milk samples from 10 nomadic female camels in their first season of lactation were collected periodically from parturition until 90 d postpartum (PP). The average contents of gross composition were 14.23% protein, 4.44% lactose, 0.27% fat, 0.77% ash, and 20.16% total solids in colostrum at 2 h PP, and the respective mean values were 3.55, 4.24, 5.65, 0.87, and 14.31% for regular milk on d 90. A 15-fold increase was shown in fat content during the first 24 h, whereas a sharp decrease was shown during the first 12 h of lactation in protein, ash, and total solids contents. Variation in lactose content was small (4.24 to 4.71%) throughout the study period. Total N, nonprotein N, casein N, and whey protein N were found to be 2.23, 0.06, 0.86, and 1.31 g/100 mL for the colostrum at 2 h PP; and 0.56, 0.04, 0.45, and 0.07 g/100 mL for the milk at 90 d PP. Percentages of caseins increased steadily, whereas whey proteins declined gradually until 3 mo of lactation. Gas liquid chromatography analysis of milk fat showed that the content of even-numbered saturated fatty acids (C12:0-C18:0) in camel colostrum (2 h to 7 d PP) was lower than that of regular milk (15 to 90 d PP). The predominant saturated fatty acids were C14:0, C16:0, and C18:0, regardless of the stage of lactation. There was a considerable level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (mainly C18:1) in Alxa camel's milk fat. The levels of Ca, P, Na, K, and Cl were 222.58, 153.74, 65.0, 136.5, and 141.1 mg/100 g, respectively, at 2 h PP; the values of the minerals were 154.57, 116.82, 72.0, 191.0, and 152.0 mg/100 g, respectively, for the regular milk on d 90. The levels of vitamins A, C, E, B1, B2, B6, and D were 0.97, 29.60, 1.45, 0.12, 1.24, 0.54 mg/L, and 640 IU/L, respectively, in Alxa camel milk at 90 d PP. Vitamin A and C contents were higher and vitamins E and B1 were lower than those in colostrum. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE and densitometry results demonstrated that Alxa camel colostrum is rich in immunoglobulins, serum albumin, and 2 unknown fractions, which are reduced in amount (%) within 2 d of lactation. It seems that there is lack of beta-lactoglobulin in Alxa camel milk, whereas casein and -lactalbumin start at a low level and increase gradually until they reach their regular levels in the milk.
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PMID:Changes in chemical composition of Alxa bactrian camel milk during lactation. 1616 13


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