Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0184567 (acute pain)
 3,962 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

At the end of her menstruation a 25 years old woman develops acute pain in her right lower and upper abdomen radiating into the right shoulder. There are pains during breathing, coughing, and changing of position, vomitus, and local signs of peritonitis in the right lower and upper abdomen, subicterus and leucocytosis. Gonococci in the cervical smear are demonstrated by Grams stain and by culture. Two days after treatment with 3,5 millions IU of penicillin G sodium and 500.000 IU procaine penicillin per day the complaints disappeared. The demonstrated signs and symptoms are characteristic for acute perihepatitis gonorrhoica which seems to occur more often as a complication of gonococcal adnexitis than is suspected. The symptoms are so typical that the diagnosis can be made also without confirmation by laparascopy.
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PMID:[Clinical diagnosis of acute gonorrhic perihepatitis]. 65 2

The analgesic effect of meclofenamate sodium at two dose levels (100 mg and 200 mg) was compared with the effects of buffered aspirin (600 mg) and placebo in a double-blind, randomized study of 105 dental outpatients with acute pain following third-molar extraction. Meclofenamate sodium at either dose level was significantly superior to both buffered aspirin and placebo, resulting in significantly greater relief of pain. All four treatments were well tolerated, and side effects were minimal. Meclofenamate sodium is a safe, highly effective analgesic for the relief of acute pain.
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PMID:Comparison of meclofenamate sodium with buffered aspirin and placebo for the relief of postoperative dental pain. 332 78

Acute pain in the lower extremity, which has previously been attributed to synovitis or fasciitis, develops in about 15 percent of osteoporotic patients treated with sodium fluoride. This report describes 11 osteoporotic women in whom this syndrome developed while they were being treated with sodium fluoride (mean dose 78 mg per day; range, 60 to 90). [99mTc]Hydroxymethylene diphosphonate scintiscanning showed an increased number of foci of abnormal uptake in the lower extremities (p less than 0.05), when compared with results of scintiscanning in 12 nonsymptomatic osteoporotic women treated with sodium fluoride and 12 osteoporotic women treated with oral calcium carbonate only. The increased uptake was not restricted to the areas of pain. Roentgenography revealed stress microfractures in five of the 11 symptomatic patients. It is concluded that the acute lower extremity pain syndrome during fluoride therapy usually results from intense regional bone remodeling, which may be complicated by stress microfractures.
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PMID:Mechanism of acute lower extremity pain syndrome in fluoride-treated osteoporotic patients. 396 37

In the "24-hour Cross Country Ski Race of Pinzolo" skiers attempt to cover as long as possible distances within 24 hours. Cardiac and metabolic changes of 6 volunteer cross country skiers, aging 29 to 39 years, participating to the individual competition, were analysed. All skiers had negative clinical examination and resting standard 12-lead ECG, except for one who had a midsystolic click on auscultation suggesting the presence of mitral valve prolapse. They were submitted to 48-hour Holter monitoring (HM) going from 3:00 p.m. of the day before the race up to one hour after the end of competition. The period of HM going from 3 p.m. of the day before to 1.00 p.m. of the day of race (one hour before the start) was utilized as control as concerns arrhythmias, ST-T wave and QT interval changes observed during the period of competition. In all 6 skiers, standard 12-lead ECG was again recorded on completion of race. The following serum indexes were obtained in basal conditions and within one hour after the end of race: electrolytes (Na+, K+), Myoglobina (MG) and the enzymes GOT, GPT, LDH, CK and CK-MB. Complete urine analysis was also obtained before and immediately after the race. The distance covered by the skiers ranged from 189 to 260 Km, except for the skier with systolic click who covered 95.7 Km within 12 hour and then retired from the race for acute pain of knee.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Cardiac and metabolic investigations during 24 hour endurance skiing (Pinzolo, Italy)]. 405 86

The relative analgesic efficacy of zomepirac sodium 100 mg and fenoprofen calcium 200 mg was evaluated in patients with pain due to surgical removal of dental impactions. This is the first study to make a direct comparison of their effectiveness. This study is especially important since zomepirac sodium was recently removed from the market as an analgesic for acute pain. Zomepirac sodium was extremely popular among clinicians and was considered the most effective of the peripherally acting analgesics. Patients were requested to take a single dose of study medication when they had moderate to severe pain. The study medications were identical in appearance and randomly allocated under double-blind conditions. The medication was evaluated over the next 4 hours according to subjective analgesic measurement scales. The primary measures of efficacy included total pain relief ( TOTPAR ), sum pain intensity difference ( SPID ), overall evaluation, and time to remedication . Of the 136 patients entered, 117 were included in the efficacy analysis. Both active agents demonstrated marked superiority to placebo (p less than 0.001) for all efficacy measures but were inseparable from each other. The mean analgesic efficacy values for both zomepirac sodium and fenoprofen calcium were almost identical. The nineteen subjects who reported side effects were evenly distributed among the three groups. No serious side effects occurred. The results of this study indicate that fenoprofen calcium 200 mg and zomepirac sodium 100 mg are equally efficacious, with similar onset, peak, and total analgesic effects.
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PMID:Comparative efficacy of fenoprofen calcium and zomepirac sodium in postsurgical dental pain. 658 96

The analgesic efficacy of a single 550-mg dose of naproxen sodium was compared with that of 650 mg aspirin and a placebo in a double-blind, parallel trial. The study was carried out in an industrial setting and included 201 adult patients with various acute pain states. Musculoskeletal pain was the most common type of pain treated. Pain intensity differences and patients' evaluation of pain relief indicated statistically significantly earlier and better analgesia with naproxen sodium than with both aspirin and placebo. The summed pain intensity differences (SPID) showed that naproxen sodium performed better than aspirin, which in turn did better than placebo. the difference between naproxen sodium and aspirin means for SPID was numerically equal to the difference between the aspirin and placebo means for SPID. Further, the incidence of side effects was less with naproxen sodium than with aspirin. The study demonstrated that naproxen sodium provided earlier and better pain relief than aspirin, that this effect was consistent over time, and that the incidence of side effects associated with naproxen sodium was less than with aspirin.
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PMID:Comparative analgesic effects of naproxen sodium, aspirin, and placebo. 700 Aug 56

The effects of local spinal applications of the substance P antagonist, CP-96,345, on the electrically-evoked discharges of nociceptive neurons were examined in the superficial spinal dorsal horn of adult rats anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. Extracellular single-unit recordings were made from lumbar spinal dorsal horn neurons which were excited by noxious mechanical stimulation and had early and late discharges evoked by A- and C-fiber inputs, respectively, following transcutaneous electrical stimulation. CP-96,345 was applied directly onto the surface of the spinal cord close to the recording sites. A dose of 50 nmol of CP-96,345 drastically inhibited the late discharges of 80% of neurons, without affecting early discharges significantly. This study demonstrated the specific inhibitory effect of CP-96,345 on the late discharges of a restricted population of spinal dorsal horn neurons. These results illustrate the important role of substance P in nociceptive transmission mediated by primary afferent C-fibers in normal acute pain.
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PMID:The inhibitory effect of substance P antagonist, CP-96,345, on the late discharges of nociceptive neurons in the rat superficial spinal dorsal horn. 769 99

A model of acute spinal and phantom pain syndromes caused by the formation of an abnormally increased excitation generator (AIEG) in the system of dorsal horns of the spine was used to study the effects of sodium valproate when used chronically in the phantom pain syndrome, when given in a single dose in the acute pain syndrome and when applied to the spine with disinhibitors inducing the pain syndrome. It was shown that during chronic administration sodium valproate produced a stress-preventive action, but failed to affect pain sensation and to prevent the development of the pain syndrome. When used in the acute pain syndrome, sodium valproate had a marked analgesic effect, and when applied to the spine it substantially reduced the manifestations of the pain syndrome. The action of sodium valproate on the AIEG can be accounted for by the higher GABA level that results in the hyperpolarization of neurons which are a part of AIEG. When the latter is formed and operates in acute and chronic pain syndromes there are differences in the functional activity of the neurochemical structures responsible for the realization of pain reaction components. This is suggested by varying effects of sodium valproate on pain sensation during acute and chronic experiments.
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PMID:[The action of sodium valproate in central pain syndromes]. 820 57

The natural history of herpes zoster ophthalmicus and aspects of its treatment and prevention are presented. Intraocular complications occur in 50 percent of cases. Anterior uveitis and the various varieties of keratitis are commonest, affecting 92% and 52% of patients with ocular involvement, respectively. Sight-threatening complications include neuropathic keratitis, perforation, secondary glaucoma, posterior scleritis/orbital apex syndrome, optic neuritis, and acute retinal necrosis. Twenty-eight percent of initially involved eyes develop long-term ocular disease (6 months), with chronic uveitis, keratitis, and neuropathic ulceration being the commonest. Acute pain occurs in 93% of patients and is still present in 31% at 6 months. Of patients aged 60 and over pain persists in 30% for 6 months or longer, and this rises to 71% in those aged 80 and over. Current evidence favours the use of topical acyclovir alone for treatment of established ocular complications, with topical steroids being withheld in all but the most severe cases. Stellate ganglion block has proved useful in the treatment of established acute pain. Amitryptiline, and to a lesser extent sodium valproate, are useful in established chronic pain. Evidence of the efficacy of early oral acyclovir on ocular complications is conflicting, with two studies reporting significant improvement in differing disease parameters. A similar situation exists for pain, with published studies showing differing effects on pain at varying times after the onset of disease. The use of systemic steroids to prevent pain is not supported by currently available evidence, but its therapeutic relationship with acyclovir requires further evaluation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Management of ophthalmic zoster. 824 2

First, the fundamentals of impulse transmission and pain perception are revised. The role of the primary afferent nociceptors is explained. Dental pain is described as a form of acute pain and the mechanism of nociception is fundamental. Peripheral and central sensitization can evolve. The second part covers the pharmacological aspects. Local anesthetics reduce impulse transmission by interfering with the mechanism of normal depolarisation. Binding to specific receptors located at the nerve membrane, more specifically on the sodium channel, results in decreased or eliminated permeability to sodium ions and leads to interruption of nerve conduction. The different types of local anesthetics used in dentistry are discussed in more detail with respect to their physico-chemical characteristics and analgetic properties. The importance of factors such as lipophilicity, degree of protein binding and dissociation constant pKa are explained together with the clinical implications of pH and possible toxic effects. Failure of local anesthesia can be the result of problems with the administration of the product or can have a pharmacological basis. Injection of the anesthetic should take place in amounts large enough, with suitable volume and as close as possible to the nerve. When infection and inflammation are present, the intravascular resorption of the anesthetic will accelerate and the lowered pH influences diffusion negatively. Repetitive administration can induce the phenomenon of tachyfylaxis (decreased anesthetic effect).
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PMID:[Pain perception, mechanisms of action of local anesthetics and possible causes of failure]. 1103 81


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