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Query: UMLS:C0184567 (acute pain)
 3,962 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to verify whether the late components (N 140) of TPEPs were a reliable index of pain intensity. In the group with acute pain, except for higher amplitudes of the second negative wave, the plateau phenomenon has been noted. Analgesic and placebo effects indicated that the method used offers more objective than subjective components, because the real value of amplitudes is about 10% of control values for analgesic and between 60 and 70% for placebo. Shorter latency periods were observed in all parts of evoked potentials in the patients suffering from trigeminal neuralgia, as occurrence of a greater number of waves; while amplitudes on the affected side were significantly higher than on the healthy side.
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PMID:Pain and tooth pulp evoked potentials. 173 21

It has been demonstrated that memory for pain plays an important role in medical practice. Since affect is an integral component of the pain experience, it is possible that pain may produce effects on memory that parallel those engendered by emotion. This investigation examined whether acute pain selectively influenced the encoding and retrieval of affective words. The results indicated that the experience of pain significantly decreased the encoding of positive words and significantly increased the retrieval of negative words previously seen, regardless of whether they were accompanied by a painful experience. Thus, pain interferes with memory of positive events by disrupting their encoding and facilitates the memory of negative events through selective retrieval of those events.
Pain 1991 Oct
PMID:Selective encoding and retrieval of affective words during exposure to aversive stimulation. 177 Oct 93

The reliability of some behavioral and physiological indices used for the recognition and assessment of acute pain in lambs after castration and tail docking has been examined. Changes in the indices were measured after blocking neural activity with local anaesthetic (lignocaine) and after an opioid antagonist (naloxone) was administered. Six lambs, aged less than one week, were allocated randomly to each of six treatments. (i) control handling and blood sampling; (ii) castration plus tail docking with tight rubber rings; (iii) local anaesthesia; (iv) local anaesthesia followed by castration and tail docking; (v) intravenous naloxone only (0.2 mg kg-1); and (vi) intravenous naloxone followed by castration and tail docking. Local anaesthesia eliminated the behavioural and plasma cortisol changes which usually follow castration and tail docking. Naloxone had a limited effect on the increase in cortisol but altered the behaviour. The results support the view that such indices are useful for assessment of the response to acute pain and that, although endogenous opioids do reduce pain in young lambs after castration and tail docking, the effect is small.
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PMID:Effects of local anesthesia and intravenous naloxone on the changes in behaviour and plasma concentrations of cortisol produced by castration and tail docking with tight rubber rings in young lambs. 178 83

In 1990, Schumpert Medical Center, Shreveport, Louisiana--a 625-bed acute care hospital--established an acute pain service (APS) department and implemented the ten-step monitoring and evaluation process as recommended by the Joint Commission to facilitate the quality assurance program for pain management therapy. The program, which entails the cooperative effort of anesthesiologists and registered nurses, is intended to provide individualized pain management therapy to qualified APS patients on a 24-hour, seven-day-a-week basis. Through continuous, systematic monitoring and evaluation of six aspects of care and their indicators and thresholds, the quality of APS patient care can be determined and improved.
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PMID:Development of an acute pain service monitoring and evaluation system. 179 39

Pain can either be 'nociceptor-mediated', produced as a consequence of the activation of high threshold nociceptors, or 'A-fibre mediated', resulting from the activation of low threshold A beta afferent fibres. Under normal circumstances nociceptor mediated pain only occurs in response to high intensity noxious stimuli. Following peripheral tissue injury the inflammatory reaction generates a complex set of chemical signals that alter the transduction properties of nociceptors such that they can be activated by low intensity stimuli, the phenomenon of peripheral sensitization. Pain in this circumstance is still nociceptor mediated but can be generated by low intensity or innocuous stimuli. The nociceptive input to the spinal cord in these circumstances however produces activity-dependent alterations in the response properties of neurones in the dorsal horn. This means that they begin to respond to normal inputs, including that generated by A beta low threshold afferents, in an abnormal and exaggerated way. This is the phenomenon of central sensitization. Because afferent inputs can provoke prolonged alterations within the central nervous system, optimal treatment of acute pain states should be directed both at abolishing peripheral sensitization and to preventing the establishment of central sensitization. The latter involves the strategy of pre-emptive analgesia.
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PMID:Generation of acute pain: central mechanisms. 179 70

The clinical management of acute pain has been impeded by traditions and misconceptions which have resulted in suboptimal application to the patient of the currently available methods of pain control. The search for new drugs and exotic ways to deliver them has further obscured many of the basic principles which should guide management. Standard regimens fail because of the wide, unpredictable variability in pain intensity, patient characteristics, and pharmacological responses. Treatment needs to be individualized for each patient. Unrelieved acute pain produces psychological, physiological and socioeconomic consequences. Pre-emptive analgesia may damp down the development of both immediate and long-term pain following surgery and adequate psychological preparation can improve coping abilities. The delivery of opioid analgesics can be improved using patient controlled analgesia or spinal administration in some cases. Regional analgesia, often using simple techniques, can produce excellent pain relief. Overall management and staff education should be delegated to an acute pain service.
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PMID:Clinical management of acute pain. 179 72

Chronic pain is multi-factorial, and consequently a multidisciplinary approach is essential for its proper management. Pain Clinics may treat acute pain, chronic pain and cancer pain, and need to differentiate between these different conditions. Careful diagnosis and assessment is essential, including history, examination, questionnaires and relevant investigations. A variety of treatments exist to manage chronic pain, some of which have already been discussed in this issue. Treatments may be summarized as drugs, surgical (including nerve blocks), stimulation techniques, psychological techniques and general or physical measures. If a Pain Relief Unit has the ability to provide all of these types of treatment, then it can manage any type of pain, with the ability to relieve pain and improve quality of life greatly in a significant number of sufferers.
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PMID:Pain clinics and pain clinic treatments. 179 83

Two cases of acute attack of pseudogout associated with primary hyperparathyroidism are reported. Case 1 suffered from acute pain and swelling of the right ankle and dorsal of the right foot. Case 2 suffered from unknown fever and pain of the bilateral jaw, shoulder, elbow, wrist and knee joints. Postoperative radiological studies revealed the association of chondrocalcinosis in both cases. Synovial fluid in case 2 was aspirated and analyzed for calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal by microscopic examination.
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PMID:Two cases of acute pseudogout attack following parathyroidectomy. 179 38

Pain is frequently the most distressing symptom of herpes zoster. Pain occurs in most patients during the acute phase and sometimes continues as postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) for months or years after the rash has healed. Both the acute pain and the incidence and duration of postherpetic pain are influenced by the age of the patient and the distribution of the rash. The acute pain is probably related to neuronal inflammation induced by the replicating varicella-zoster virus and can be helped by antiviral agents and by steroids. As yet, the pathophysiology of PHN is poorly understood and may well be multifactorial, perhaps accounting for the two clearly different types of PHN described. Prevention of PHN is not possible but there are some data suggesting the use of antiviral agents during the acute phase may be helpful. Once PHN has become established conventional analgesics are ineffective and tricyclic antidepressants seem to be the optimal therapy.
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PMID:Herpes zoster and pain. 180

The aim of this study of post-nephrectomy acute pain in 30 patients was to compare three methods of postoperative analgesia and determine which one could be the most satisfactory. Ten patients received epidural analgesia with pethidine (400 mg.24 h-1 for 48 hrs). Ten other patients received intrapleural analgesia with bupivacaine (0.2 mg.kg-1.h-1 of 0.5% bupivacaine with 1/200,000 epinephrine). The ten remaining patients received systemic IV analgesia (2 g of propacetamol every 6 hrs and 0.15 mg of buprenorphine every 6 hrs). According to results of pain evaluation score (VAS) epidural analgesia with pethidine (VAS less than 2.5) appeared to be the best tested analgesic method. IV systemic analgesia (VAS less than 5) was less effective. Intrapleural bupivacaine (VAS greater than 5) was ineffective but apparently not toxic (serum concentration less than 1,200 ng.ml-1).
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PMID:[Postoperative analgesia for nephrectomy]. 180 98


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