Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0184567 (acute pain)
 3,962 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A randomized clinical trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy of three treatment options, including anterior positioning splint therapy, physical therapy, and physical therapy in addition to splint therapy, in terms of treatment outcome, in patients with painful temporomandibular joint clicking. Sixty patients suffering from acute pain and dysfunction were divided randomly into three treatment groups. Twenty patients underwent anterior positioning splint therapy (group I), 20 patients received solely physical therapy (group II), and 20 subjects received physical treatment in addition to splinting (group III). All patients were examined before and after the treatment using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and digital palpation of joint sounds. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis, one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests at a significance level of P < 0.05. In comparison with the baseline, subjective pain was decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in all three groups. A significant difference was observed between groups I and II (P <0.05), whereas no significant difference was detected between groups II and III. Six patients in group III did not continue the treatment after physical therapy. The numbers of pain-free patients were 12 in group I, 5 in group II and 9 in group III. We observed a reduction in the frequency of joint sounds across the entire sample (P < 0.05). Anterior positioning splint therapy appears to be the best treatment method for reduction of pain and joint sounds in patients with TMD, compared with the other two methods studied.
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PMID:Comparison of three treatment options for painful temporomandibular joint clicking. 2195 63

The rabbit cingulate cortex is highly differentiated in contrast to rodents and numerous recent advances suggest the rabbit area map needs revision. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess cytoarchitecture with neuron-specific nuclear binding protein (NeuN) and neurocytology with intermediate neurofilament proteins, parvalbumin and glutamic acid decarboxylase. Key findings include: (1) Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) area 32 has dorsal and ventral divisions. (2) Area 33 is part of ACC. (3) Midcingulate cortex (MCC) has anterior and posterior divisions and this was verified with extensive quantitative analysis and a horizontal series of sections. (4) NeuN, also known as Fox-3, is not limited to somata and formed nodules, granular clusters and striations in the apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons. (5) Area 30 forms a complex of anterior and posterior parts with further medial and lateral divisions. (6) Area 29b has two divisions and occupies substantially more volume than in rat. (7) Area 29a begins with a subsplenial component and extends relatively further caudal than in rat. As similar areal designations are often used among species, direct comparisons were made of rabbit areas with those in rat and monkey. The dichotomy of MCC is of particular interest to studies of pain as anterior MCC is most frequently activated in human acute pain studies and the rabbit can be used to study this subregion. Finally, the area 30 complex is not primarily dysgranular as in rat and is more differentiated than in any other mammal including human. The large and highly differentiated rabbit cingulate cortex provides a unique model for assessing cingulate cortex, pain processing and RNA splicing functions.
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PMID:Cytoarchitecture and neurocytology of rabbit cingulate cortex. 2646 65

Phacolytic glaucoma is an open-angle glaucoma that occurs when lens proteins from hypermature cataracts seep through an intact anterior capsule and induce obstruction of the trabecular meshwork by inflammatory cells. We review the case of a 66-year-old man who presented with acute pain, a hypermature cataract, prominent anterior chamber crystals, and elevated intraocular pressure. After cataract surgery was performed, iridescent crystals were noted in the posterior chamber. Anterior chamber crystals have been associated with phacolytic glaucoma, but this is the first case demonstrating crystals in the posterior chamber as well.
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PMID:First Described Case of Anterior and Posterior Segment Crystals in Phacolytic Glaucoma. 3004 90

Modulation of pain may result from engagement of opioid receptors in multiple brain regions. Whether sensory and affective qualities of pain are differentially affected by brain opioid receptor circuits remains unclear. We previously reported that opioid actions within the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) produce selective modulation of affective qualities of neuropathic pain in rodents, but whether such effects may occur in other areas of the ACC is not known. Here, morphine was microinjected into 3 regions of the ACC or into the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), and pain behaviors in naive, sham, or spinal nerve ligated (SNL) rats were evaluated. In naive animals, the tail-flick response was inhibited by RVM, but not ACC, morphine. Anterior cingulate cortex morphine did not affect tactile allodynia (the von Frey test) or mechanical (Randall-Selitto) or thermal (Hargreaves) hyperalgesia in spinal nerve ligated rats. In contrary, RVM morphine reduced tactile allodynia and produced both antihyperalgesic and analgesic effects against mechanical and thermal stimuli as well as conditioned place preference selectively in nerve-injured rats. Within the RVM, opioids inhibit nociceptive transmission reflected in both withdrawal thresholds and affective pain behaviors. Activation of mu opioid receptors within specific rostral ACC circuits, however, selectively modulates affective dimensions of ongoing pain without altering withdrawal behaviors. These data suggest that RVM and ACC opioid circuits differentially modulate sensory and affective qualities of pain, allowing for optimal behaviors that promote escape and survival. Targeting specific ACC opioid circuits may allow for treatment of chronic pain while preserving the physiological function of acute pain.
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PMID:Morphine effects within the rodent anterior cingulate cortex and rostral ventromedial medulla reveal separable modulation of affective and sensory qualities of acute or chronic pain. 3008 15

Anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC) has been shown to be involved in most of the functional imaging studies investigating acute pain. For 10-15 years, it has even been a main focus of interest for pain studies, considering that neurons in the aMCC could encode for pain intensity. This latter function is now presumed to occur in secondary somatosensory (SII) area and/or insular cortices, while anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is supposed to sustain other functions such as pain-related attention, arousal, motor withdrawal reflex, pain modulations, and engagement of endogenous pain control system. The quantitative imaging studies have shown a rich density of opioid receptors in the ACC. Thus, the perigenual subdivision has been suggested to participate in top-down controls of pain, (including the placebo effects known to be opioid mediated), mainly (but not exclusively) through the connection between the orbitofrontal/subgenual ACC and the periaqueductal gray (PAG). From this rationale, this area may lead to neurosurgical targeting including electrical stimulation for intractable pain in the future. A number of imaging studies have also reported activity changes in the posterior cingulate cortex during pain and proposed its speculative involvement to modulate the conscious experience of pain according to elements from the context and awareness of the self and others.
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PMID:Cingulate-mediated approaches to treating chronic pain. 3173 19