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Query: UMLS:C0184567 (acute pain)
 3,962 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although the scientific study of pain in the modern sense was initiated 150 years ago, and a number of theories were subsequently proposed, until two decades ago pain research remained conceptually stagnant and the meager amount done was not commensurate with the magnitude and clinical importance of pain. Consequently, pain treatment remained somewhat empirical and ineffective. Moreover, the knowledge and effective therapeutic modalities that were available were not properly applied, primarily because medical students and physicians were not taught the basic principles of pain management. Fortunately, during the past 20 years significant advances have been made in our knowledge of basic mechanisms of acute pain and about some chronic pain syndromes, and a variety of new therapeutic modalities have been introduced and old ones have been refined. Among the most important advances of the past decade have been the discovery of opiate receptors, the extensive pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of narcotics, the development of very sensitive analytic techniques and mathematic knowledge and many other advances which have prompted the development of new drugs, novel drug preparations and novel methods of administration, of which intraspinal narcotic therapy is the most important and widely used.
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PMID:Importance of effective pain control. 331 Apr 96

Three families of endogenous opioid peptides, each derived from distinct precursor, as well as their localization, affinity and interaction with different subtypes of opioid receptors are described. The release of opioid peptides upon various stimulation procedures is also presented. The emphasis is made on the role of opioid peptides in analgesia by describing their antinociceptive potency and discussing the role of peptides deriving from the different precursors in conveying the acute pain stimuli and on the changes in activity of opioid peptide systems in chronic pain.
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PMID:Opioid peptides in relation to antinociception. 333 14

We report a case of a latissimus dorsi muscle strain that presented as a recurrence of chronic abdominal pain. One explanation of the referral of acute pain to a site of chronic pain is the convergence-projection theory, which hypothesizes that pain signals of visceral and somatic origin converge at some point in the sensory pathway. Upon reaching the cortex, these signals are interpreted as coming from the afferents which have previously excited this pathway. In this case an extensive gastrointestinal diagnostic evaluation was pursued unsuccessfully before the latissimus dorsi muscle strain was diagnosed. Outpatient therapy of spray and stretch combined with a home stretching program produced a prompt and persistent resolution of the symptoms.
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PMID:Acute somatic pain can refer to sites of chronic abdominal pain. 276 98

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether regression of sensory analgesia during constant epidural bupivacaine infusion was different in postoperative patients with acute pain than in patients with chronic nonsurgical pain. Sensory levels of analgesia (to pinprick) and pain (on a five-point scale) were assessed hourly for 16 hours during continuous epidural infusion of 0.5% plain bupivacaine (8 ml/hr) in 12 patients with chronic nonsurgical pain and in 30 patients after major abdominal surgery performed under combined bupivacaine and halothane--N2O general anesthesia. No opiates were given. If sensory analgesia decreased more than five segments from the initial level or if the pain score reached 2 (moderate pain), the patient was removed from the study. Initial levels of sensory analgesia after loading doses of 21.8 +/- 0.5 and 19.3 +/- 0.8 ml bupivacaine 0.5% were similar (T3.8 +/- 0.3 and T3.8 +/- 0.5) in the surgical and chronic pain patients, respectively (mean +/- SEM). Of the surgical patients, only 4 of the 30 (13%) maintained the initial level of sensory analgesia, and a pain score below 2 throughout the study compared with 7 of the 12 patients with chronic pain (58%) (P less than 0.01). Mean duration of sensory blockade was significantly longer (P less than 0.005) in the patients with chronic pain than in surgical patients (13.1 +/- 1.2 and 8.5 +/- 0.7 hours, respectively). Thus, surgical injury hastens regression of sensory analgesia during continuous epidural bupivacaine infusion. The underlying mechanism remains to be determined.
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PMID:The roles of acute and chronic pain in regression of sensory analgesia during continuous epidural bupivacaine infusion. 339 60

Animal experiments are necessary to better understand the biological mechanisms of pain, and to develop new methods of pain therapy. Therefore, pain has to be produced experimentally in animals. The ensuing moral dilemma requires that the scientists involved have a high level of responsibility for the animal. A set of ethical guidelines has been developed by the International Association for the Study of Pain in order to minimize pain and suffering in such studies. Practically, this may be reached by, e.g. a careful design of the experiment or by analgesic treatment of the animal. The importance of reward in a behavioral paradigm involving pain is emphasized. Animal models of chronic pain will be necessary to understand the mechanisms of chronic pain in man. Observations of the behavior of animal patients should be used to define the species-specific behavioral expression of chronic pain. To observe only one behavioral parameter may be inadequate for the assessment of pain in animals. The training of the young scientist will be crucial to develop his general attitude of great ethical responsibility for the experimental animal and his conceptual and technical capabilities for optimal conductance of experiments. In practice, investigators engaged in research on pain in conscious animals should consider the following guidelines aimed at minimizing the pain in animals. The guidelines have been endorsed by the International Association for the Study of Pain. It is essential that the intended experiments on pain in conscious animals be reviewed beforehand by scientists and lay-persons. The potential benefit of such experiments to our understanding of pain mechanisms and pain therapy needs to be shown. The investigator should be aware of the ethical need for a continuing justification of his investigations. If possible, the investigator should try the pain stimulus on himself; this principle applies for most non-invasive stimuli causing acute pain. To make possible the evaluation of the levels of pain, the investigator should give a careful assessment of the animals's deviation from normal behavior. To this end, physiological and behavioral parameters should be measured. The outcome of this assessment should be included in the manuscript. In studies of acute or chronic pain in animals measures should be taken to provide a reasonable assurance that the animal is exposed to the minimal pain necessary for the purposes of the experiment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Ethical considerations in relation to pain in animal experimentation. 346 80

Pain in pediatric oncology must be taken care of after years of neglection. On an average of 62% of tumours pain is of therapeutic relevance. In cancer relapse and final states incidence of pain increases up to 90%. Treatment of acute pain is not difficult, chronic pain however affords a special procedure: individual dosage with optimal suppression of pain whole day long, often combination of different methods, will give sufficient longtime results. Around 4/5 of pediatric cancer pain can be treated by pharmacological regime using central and antiphlogistic analgesics. Additional methods are local anesthesia, transcutaneous nerve stimulation, physiotherapy, psychotherapy and seldom neurosurgical intervention. The optimal treatment of cancer pain is part of a consequent oncological procedure. Some more effort is necessary to reach the most possible quality of life in these children.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and therapy of pain in pediatric oncology]. 349 28

The present study compared acute vs. chronic pain in hemophiliac subjects who suffer both types of pain. Characteristics of the acute pain produced by a hemorrhage into a joint and the chronic arthritic pain that results from repeated bleeding episodes were assessed with the McGill Pain Questionnaire and a visual analogue pain intensity scale. The results showed a high degree of similarity in the sensory, affective and evaluative properties of the two types of pain. The main difference between the acute and chronic pains was one of overall intensity, with the acute pain generally being described as more intense. A comparison of the arthritic pain in hemophilia with the pain of other arthritic disorders revealed no major differences. Sources of inter-individual variability were also explored and the results showed that the pain scores in hemophiliac subjects were largely unrelated to demographic and pain history variables. However, significant differences were observed in the way French- and English-speaking subjects described and rated their pain. Irrespective of the origin of their pain, French-speaking subjects characteristically rated their pain as more intense and more affectively laden than the English group. These results demonstrate that ethnocultural factors associated with language affiliation may contribute to inter-individual variation in pain perception.
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PMID:Acute and chronic pain in hemophilia. 350 Oct 97

Forty patients who underwent laparotomy for hysterectomy were administered either clomipramine or pentazocine for the treatment of postoperative pain. Both drugs were similarly effective during the eight hours of observation. The results of this study indicate that clomipramine, often used in chronic pain as an adjuvant drug, exerts as well as analgesic effect in acute pain.
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PMID:Clomipramine compared with pentazocine as a unique treatment in postoperative pain. 358 95

A large sample of staff physicians and residents (n = 193) responded to a questionnaire in which they were asked to rate 10 pain descriptors for level of applicability to 4 common acute and chronic pain syndromes. The purpose of the study was to examine the extent to which physicians would agree on the ratings, and whether they would rate the descriptors in a way that would permit discriminations to be made between the pain syndromes. Physicians' opinions regarding the usefulness of pain descriptors and the effect of several practice-related variables on the usage of pain descriptors were also assessed. The results showed that physicians agreed on the ratings of the descriptors within pain syndromes, and that they rated the descriptors in a way that discriminated between pain syndromes. The ratings were not affected by specialty training, experience with pain patients, or amount of specialized training in pain. Physicians with more training in pain, however, considered the diagnostic utility of pain descriptors higher. For all physicians, the diagnostic utility of pain descriptors was rated higher for acute than for chronic pain. Other comparisons between acute and chronic pain revealed that acute pain was rated by physicians as more painful and more interfering with mood and physical activity. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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PMID:Physician ratings of pain descriptors: potential diagnostic utility. 373 30

This study examined the effects of pleasant imagery and type of pleasant imagery on the relief of acute and chronic pain. Two images were used in alternation, both selected from five images generated by the patient. The first image was the one most preferred by the patient; the second was the one determined by the experimenter to represent the most successful mastery of developmental stages according to the schemata outlined by Erickson (International Encyclopedia of Social Sciences, Vol. 9, McMillan, 1968). It was hypothesized that an image associated with successful phases of life would be less likely to provoke anxiety disruptive of the relaxation procedure and thus be more effective in the relief of pain. Both images were successful in reducing reported pain relief over a three-day period, but as predicted, the developmentally-selected image was more effective. The general effectiveness of these images held only for patients with acute pain.
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PMID:Selection of imagery in the relief of chronic and acute clinical pain. 376 Dec 32


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