Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0184567 (acute pain)
 3,962 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Glomus tumors are rare, though not exceptional. They are considered by some authors as hyperplasia of a normal neuromyo-arterial glomus, by others as a benign tumoral proliferation. Most of them combine the three histological types initially described by Masson. i.e. solid, angiomatous and muco-hyaline. Subungual glomus tumors are more often seen in middle-aged subjects than in children. Although often belatedly diagnosed, they have characteristic symptoms, notably paroxysmal, acute pain provoked by cold or by minimal traumas: the Raynaud's phenomenon is inconstant and localized to the tip of the affected finger. When clinical and standard radiological examinations are normal, arteriography may be useful to confirm the diagnosis and locate the lesion. The main differential diagnoses before arteriography are post-traumatic neuroma and subungual melanoma. Surgical treatment is straightforward, but pain may recur post-operatively; it may be due to incomplete excision, development of a new tumor, presence of other tumors or cicatricial neuroma.
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PMID:[Subungual glomus tumor. Apropos of a case]. 298 96

A 57-year-old woman, with left choroidal melanoma treated by laser photocoagulation and a history of repeated vitrectomies, checked for left eye acute pain and foreign body-like sensation, symptoms that occurred after three years since the primary tumor treatment. The left eyeball was enucleated and the tissues were investigated by immunohistochemistry for markers associated with cell differentiation, proliferation and adhesion, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis control, vascularization, invasiveness and local immune response. We identified, in fact, two independent tumors, with different localization and sharing some common features, markers of a highly aggressive potential: loss of cell differentiation markers and cell cycle regulators, ability to avoid death by suppressing Fas antigen expression and important invasive capacity by down regulation of E-cadherin expression. However, only in the posterior tumor, we found cells with high proliferation rate, Fas ligand molecule expression and MMP-9 secretion, acquisitions associated with a much more aggressive behavior. These particular phenotypes allowed the posterior cells to grow and to invade the surrounding tissues more rapidly than the anterior ones, leading to the development of a large size tumoral mass, responsible for the clinical symptoms. Photocoagulation, by destroying the tissues, makes impossible the evaluation of the primary tumor's biological features, important for the tumor evolution. The absence of these data stresses the importance of patient monitoring, eventually addressing a panel of soluble markers associated with recurrence or metastasis development.
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PMID:A rare case of double recurrent choroidal melanoma, with distinctive immunohistochemical features. 2019 Nov 42

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used to treat acute pain, fever, and inflammation and are being explored in a new indication in cancer. Side effects associated with long-term use of NSAIDs such as gastrointestinal damage and elevated risk of stroke, however, can limit their use and exploration in new indications. Here we report a facile method to prepare well-defined amphiphilic diblock copolymer NSAID prodrugs by direct reversible addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization of the acrylamide derivative of ibuprofen (IBU), a widely used NSAID. The synthesis and self-assembling behavior of amphiphilic diblock copolymers (PEG-PIBU) having a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) block and a hydrophobic IBU-bearing prodrug block were investigated. Release profiles of IBU from the micelles by hydrolysis were evaluated. Furthermore, the antiproliferative action of the IBU-containing micelles in human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) and murine melanoma (B16-F10) cells was assessed.
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PMID:Preparation of well-defined ibuprofen prodrug micelles by RAFT polymerization. 2393 21

Ganglioside GD2 is highly expressed on neuroectoderm-derived tumors and sarcomas, including neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, melanoma, small cell lung cancer, brain tumors, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma in children and adolescents, as well as liposarcoma, fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma and other soft tissue sarcomas in adults. Since GD2 expression in normal tissues is restricted to the brain, which is inaccessible to circulating antibodies, and in selected peripheral nerves and melanocytes, it was deemed a suitable target for systemic tumor immunotherapy. Anti-GD2 antibodies have been actively tested in clinical trials for neuroblastoma for over the past two decades, with proven safety and efficacy. The main limitations have been acute pain toxicity associated with GD2 expression on peripheral nerve fibers and the inability of antibodies to treat bulky tumor. Several strategies have been developed to reduce pain toxicity, including bypassing complement activation, using blocking antibodies, or targeting of O-acetyl-GD2 derivative that is not expressed on peripheral nerves. To enhance anti-tumor efficacy, anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies and fragments have been engineered into immunocytokines, immunotoxins, antibody drug conjugates, radiolabeled antibodies, targeted nanoparticles, T-cell engaging bispecific antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptors. The challenges of these approaches will be reviewed to build a perspective for next generation anti-GD2 therapeutics in cancer therapy.
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PMID:Engineering anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies for cancer immunotherapy. 2429 43