Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0178874 (tumor progression)
 40,807 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between January 1988 and June 1992, 56 patients suffering from malignant testicular tumors underwent nerve-preserving retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy at the University Hospital in Innsbruck. The tumors were staged according to the nomenclature recommended by the Workshop for Staging and Treatment of Testicular Cancer (Lugano 1979). According to this nomenclature 23 patients had stage I and 33 patients stage II. Thirty-nine patients presented with malignant teratoma, 3 with seminoma and 14 with teratoma and seminoma. The patients with stage I tumors were treated after orchiectomy with nerve-preserving retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy according to the dissection fields of Weissbach et al. In cases of nodal involvement in the retroperitoneum (stage IIa and IIb) a retroperitoneal modified lymphadenectomy according to the margins of Colleselli et al was performed. Patients with stage IIc tumors were treated with three cycles of polychemotherapy. Subsequently, the residual tumor was removed and, if possible, a nerve-sparing lymphadenectomy was performed. Since the nerve-preserving technique was modified in accordance with the tumor stage, antegrade ejaculation could be preserved in 47 of the 56 patients. In 22 patients exocrine testicular function was assessed by sperm analysis. The findings for the patients with stage I and IIa were considerable. The patients who had undergone induction chemotherapy for stage IIb and IIc had poor exocrine testicular function. The follow-up time was 29 months. At follow-up none of the patients presented with recurrent retroperitoneal tumor. Only one patient was found to have tumor progression (solitary pulmonary metastasis 1.7%). These results show that nerve-preserving retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy is the treatment of choice in stage I non-seminomatous testicular tumors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Modified retroperitoneal lymph node excision in testicular tumors. Anatomy, surgical technique and results]. 851 32

It was proposed that nm23 gene may function as a suppressor gene for tumor metastasis. Using an antibody to NDPK, levels of NDPK/nm23 expression in lung carcinomas were examined immunohistochemically, 45 of 58 squamous carcinomas and 26 of 36 adenocarcinomas showed strong immunoreactivity for NDPK/nm23 in most of cancer cells within tumor tissues. On some normal bronchial epithelium and serous glands, there also show weak expression. No relationship was found between NDPK/nm23 expression and clinicopathological parameters including tumor grade, size, nodal involvement and stage but the increases in NDPK/nm23 expression were stronger in advanced stages of squamous cell carcinomas. In conclusion, our results indicate that the increased NDPK/nm23 expression in the analysed carcinomas is not consistent with the proposed metastasis-suppressor function, but the nm23 gene may be implicated in the mechanism of carcinogenic process and tumor progression.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical analysis of nm23 gene product/nucleoside-diphosphate kinase expression in human lung carcinoma]. 869 10

Microsatellite DNA alterations are an integral part of neoplastic progression and are valuable as clonal markers for the detection of human cancers. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that senescent tumor cells may release DNA into the circulation, which is subsequently carried by and therefore enriched in the serum and plasma. We tested 21 patients with primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based microsatellite analysis of DNA from lymphocytes and paired serum samples. Patients were scored for alterations as defined by the presence of new alleles (shifts) or loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in serum at each of 12 markers and then compared with primary tumor DNA. Six out of 21 patients (29%) were found to have one or more microsatellite alterations in serum precisely matching those in the primary tumors. All six patients had advanced disease (stage III or IV); five of these patients had nodal metastases, three later developed distant metastases, and four died of disease. Microsatellite analysis of serum represents a novel method for the detection of circulating tumor cell DNA. If these results are confirmed in larger studies, microsatellite markers may be useful in assessing tumor burden in cancer patients.
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PMID:Microsatellite alterations in serum DNA of head and neck cancer patients. 878 50

In conclusion, routine and specialized techniques available to the pathologist for evaluating regional lymph nodes for evidence of metastatic malignancy have been presented. A variety of methods are available for increasing the number of lymph nodes identified, more thoroughly sampling the identified nodes either by gross or microscopic serial sectioning, and applying immunohistochemistry and other techniques to improve the sensitivity of detecting malignant cells. In the end, standard practice regarding the application of these techniques must be dictated by the demonstrated clinical usefulness of the information obtained, and tempered by the realities of cost and workload constraints on diagnostic pathology laboratories. In interpreting studies addressing prognostic significance of micrometastases, the definition of the term micrometastases, biologic behavior of tumors in different sites, and of tumors of different cell types from the same site (e.g., lobular versus ductal carcinoma of the breast) must be considered. Evaluating the evidence to date suggests that there may be a lower limit to the size of nodal metastases that portends an adverse prognosis. The commonly accepted definition of micrometastases as those less than 2 mm may have to be qualified as the meaning of metastases of varying sizes becomes clearer for specific subsets of patients with different tumor types. The existence of circulating tumor cells in a variety of malignancies is known but of uncertain significance in individual cases. It cannot be predicted whether sparse tumor cells found in lymph nodes are destined for immune destruction or tumor progression. For the present, it appears that careful gross sectioning and microscopic evaluation using well-accepted routine techniques will identify the vast majority of clinically significant lymph node metastases. The place of IHC and other ancillary techniques in the routine evaluation of regional lymph nodes in pathologic cancer staging remains to be determined.
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PMID:Surgical pathology of lymph nodes in cancer staging: routine and specialized techniques. 878 91

Alterations in extracellular matrix, cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, and oncogenes are thought to be important in tumor progression and metastasis. Adenocarcinomas of the lung from 31 patients were studied for immunohistochemical expression of basement membrane molecule type IV collagen, type IV collagenase, and integrins alpha2,3,v adhesion molecules to assess their diagnostic and prognostic importance in pathological stage T2 tumors. The results indicate that with decreasing tumor differentiation, there is a progressive loss of type IV basement membrane collagen (P = .06) and decreased integrin alpha2 expression (P = .03). Type IV collagenase expression was significantly associated with the presence of lymph node metastases, with moderate to strong expression present in 53% T2N1 tumors compared with none (0%) of the T2N0 tumors (P = .008). Integrin alpha(v) was increased in tumors with nodal metastases compared with those without (P = .08). Loss of alpha2 and alpha3 integrins was associated with increased alpha v expression (P = .03). Median survival was 48 months for T2N0 and 20 months for T2N1 (P = .07). In correlating expression of the immunohistochemical markers and survival, type IV collagenase expression was found to be a predictor of survival at a level of P = .07. Measurable alterations in integrins and extracellular matrix, and in particular, expression of matrix-degrading enzyme type IV collagenase may be of prognostic importance in resectable adenocarcinoma of the lung.
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PMID:Extracellular matrix expression in metastasizing and nonmetastasizing adenocarcinomas of the lung. 901 32

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that synthesizes telomeric DNA onto the ends of chromosomes, thereby preventing the replication-dependent shortening of these ends. Telomerase activity is detected in a wide range of cancers of various tissues, and its expression may be a critical step in tumor progression. The telomeric repeat amplification protocol was used to compare telomerase activity in breast cancers with and without lymph node metastases, as well as in fibroadenomas and normal breast tissue. Expression of telomerase was detected in 22 (79%) of 28 primary breast cancers, which included 16 (73%) of 22 cancers positive and 6 (100%) of 6 cancers negative for axillary lymph node metastases. It was detected in 1 (11%) of 9 fibroadenomas but was negative in 13 normal breast tissues. There was no statistical difference in expression of telomerase between axillary node-negative primary breast cancers and similar tumors with nodal metastasis (P = .289). Further, no statistical association was found between telomerase activity and tumor size (P = .679) or hormonal status (P = .178). The difference in telomerase activity among breast cancers vs fibroadenomas and normal breast tissues, however, was statistically significant (P < .001). Although normal breast tissue does not express telomerase, both node-positive and node-negative breast cancers express telomerase. The possible significance of telomerase expression in fibroadenomas remains open to further investigation.
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PMID:Telomerase expression in human breast cancer with and without lymph node metastases. 912 66

Motility-related protein-1 (MRP-1)/CD9 is a trans-membrane glycoprotein closely associated with suppression of cell motility and reduced metastatic potential of some tumor cells. We currently report that, according to the RT-PCR method for MRP-1/CD9 gene expression, patients with low expression of MRP-1/CD9 in non-small-cell lung cancer, especially the adenocarcinoma type, showed short overall survival. Then, to determine accurately the prognostic value of MRP-1/CD9 product levels in lung-adenocarcinoma cells, we immunohistochemically investigated its expression in 132 lung-adenocarcinoma patients undergoing potentially curative surgery. Of these patients, 44 (33%) showed reduced expression of MRP-1/CD9 in cancer cells, and an inverse association was observed between its expression and factors associated with tumor progression, such as nodal involvement (p = 0.029) or stage (p = 0.028). Patients with reduced expression of MRP-1/CD9 showed a significantly worse prognosis in overall survival (p = 0.005) and disease-free survival (DFS; p < 0.0001) than those with stronger expression; and even among patients with stage-I disease, similar results were obtained (overall survival, p = 0.038; DFS, p = 0.012). In a multivariate analysis, immunohistochemical MRP-1/CD9-expression level was an independent prognostic factor for DFS (p = 0.021), but not for overall survival (p = 0.572). Thus, immunohistochemical MRP-1/CD9-expression level solely in lung-adenocarcinoma cells within the tumor tissue appears to be a prognostic factor for DFS, and may be useful for detecting a high-risk sub-group of recurrence during the post-operative clinical course of the disease.
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PMID:Immunohistochemically detected expression of motility-related protein-1 (MRP-1/CD9) in lung adenocarcinoma and its relation to prognosis. 913 57

Transrectal fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the prostate under digital control is a cheap and rapid method for diagnostic evaluation of palpable and non-palpable nodules, yielding high sensitivity (ca. 95%) and a low complication rate (< 1%). Its specificity amounts to > 97%. The scarcity of urologists trained in the FNAB method and of pathologists experienced in cytology of the prostate limit the clinical application so far. Besides various forms of prostatitis, five different types of cancer can cytologically be differentiated. While PIN I cannot be cytologically identified, PIN II/III lesions may lead to false-positive diagnoses. Cytologic grading of adenocarcinomas of the prostate is of statistically proven prognostic validity and strictly correlated with its histologic counterpart. Preoperative, radiologically controlled FNAB of pelvic and paraortal lymph nodes has sensitivity of ca.86% and specificity of 100%. It thus helps to avoid unnecessary prostatectomies if nodal tumor spread has preoperatively been proven. Diagnostic DNA cytometry is able to identify those prostatic cancer patients who do not reveal significantly increased risk of tumor progression or decreased survival probability, even without therapy (constantly and representatively diploid and tetraploid patterns). Patients with DNA tetraplid histograms may show deteriation of prognosis under hormonal therapy. DNA-aneuploid prostatic cancers should not be subjected to a "wait and see" strategy; they do not respond to hormonal therapy.
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PMID:[Cytopathology of the prostate]. 954 42

The murine 18A2/mts1 and its human homolog h-mts1 (S100A4), encoding a Ca2+-binding protein belonging to the S-100 family, are associated with high invasive and metastatic potentials of murine tumors, human tumor cell lines in vitro, and human tumors growing as xenografts. The nm23 is a putative metastasis-suppressor gene whose expression has been found to correlate inversely with the metastatic potential of some forms of human cancer. The products of both human genes alter cytoskeletal dynamics, with antagonistic effects. In view of the equivocal association of nm23 with the metastatic potential of human cancer, we suspected that the relative expression of h-mts1 and nm23 might reflect tumor progression more accurately than either of them alone. We describe here the expression of these genes in infiltrating ductal carcinomas of the breast and show that high h-mts1 expression is associated with metastatic spread to the regional lymph nodes. The expression of nm23 on its own did not show a statistically significant inverse correlation with nodal spread. However, the expression status of the two genes, taken together, correlated strongly with the occurrence of nodal metastases. Breast cancers with no detectable expression of h-mts1 were found to be estrogen and progesterone receptor positive. Expression of h-mts1 was not related to tumor differentiation. The clinical data, together with the state of expression of steroid receptors and the expression levels of h-mts1 and nm23 genes, were analyzed using artificial neural networks for accuracy in predicting nodal spread of the carcinomas. These analyses support the conclusion that, overall, h-mts1 expression appears to be associated with and indicative of more aggressive disease. Complemented with nm23, h-mts1 could provide a powerful marker of breast cancer prognosis.
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PMID:Expression of metastasis-associated genes h-mts1 (S100A4) and nm23 in carcinoma of breast is related to disease progression. 957 Jan 50

Carcinoma cell detachment is an important step in tumor progression and metastasis. Episialin (EMA), if expressed throughout the entire cell surface, may inhibit cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion. We investigated whether the cellular distribution of episialin in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with tumor progression. We evaluated the expression of episialin by immunohistochemical staining, in surgical specimens from 122 adenocarcinomas and 99 squamous cell carcinomas. Episialin was present in most NSCLC, with a higher percentage of immunoreactive neoplastic cells in adenocarcinoma than in squamous cell carcinoma (p = 0.0001). In adenocarcinoma the depolarized pattern was significantly associated with nodal metastasis (p = 0.005) and with advanced stage (p = 0.007). In conclusion, nodal metastasis and advanced pathological stage in adenocarcinoma are associated with a depolarized cellular distribution of episialin, suggesting a possible involvement of the molecule in cancer metastasis.
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PMID:Depolarized expression of episialin (EMA, MUC1) in lung adenocarcinoma is associated with tumor progression. 967 44


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