Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0178874 (tumor progression)
 40,807 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Angiogenesis (AG) is necessary for cancer progression. In some cases the intensity of AG may affect the prognosis. The aim of the study was to compare the results of vessel density assessment using the stereological method and immunohistochemical reactions for three endothelial markers: CD31, CD34 and vWf. The material consisted of 40 gastric carcinoma cases. The specimens were processed and the immunohistochemical reactions performed routinely. To assess the microvascular density the stereological parameter of "length density" and the "hot spots" method were employed. Image acquisition and the measurements were done using the image analysis system AnalySIS 3.0 pro with custom-made applications. It was observed that CD34-stained preparations were the easiest to assess. The number of labeled vessels, and especially microvessels, was also the highest in the case of the above reaction. The results achieved in AG evaluation using various endothelial markers are not directly comparable. The vascular network density was significantly associated with tumor stage. Such an association was most clearly seen in CD34 reactions.
 ...
PMID:Assessing microvessel density in gastric carcinoma: a comparison of three markers. 1499 93

The semi-benign nature of diffuse astrocytomas is characterized by an increased risk for tumor recurrence and malignant transformation. In patients with intractable seizures, however, length of history and clinical follow-up studies indicate a better prognosis of this tumor entity. Here, we present a clinico-neuropathological study of 19 patients with chronic seizures and diffuse astrocytomas. In 6 patients, long-term survival and lack of tumor progression after a maximal follow-up time of 13 years appeared to correlate with a histologically isomorphic phenotype. Cytological hallmarks comprise low cellularity, lack of mitotic activity and highly differentiated astroglial elements infiltrating into adjacent brain parenchyma. Compared to "classical" variants of diffuse astrocytomas (WHO grade II), immunohistochemical reactions revealed a cellular proliferation below 1%, absence of nuclear p53 accumulation, and a lack of glial MAP2 and CD34 expression. Histopathologically, the isomorphic astrocytoma subtype can be distinguished from gangliogliomas, pilocytic astrocytomas and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors as well as from cortical dysplasia or reactive gliosis. Our data support the concept of a rare variant of diffuse astrocytomas occurring in young adults with long-term epilepsy and a favorable prognosis, which corresponds to WHO grade I.
 ...
PMID:An isomorphic subtype of long-term epilepsy-associated astrocytomas associated with benign prognosis. 1503 26

We studied whether the expression of the Neuropilin (NRP) gene was correlated with clinicopathological features in glioma. We examined the gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, Flt-1, KDR, NRP1 and NRP2 in 37 gliomas by real time reverse transcriptase PCR (real time RT-PCR) as well as immunohistochemical analysis. The vascular counts of each tumor were evaluated by anti-CD34 antibody. NRP1 mRNA overexpression was significantly higher in neoplastic tissue compared to normal brain tissue samples. The higher grade of glioma overexpressed the NRP1 gene significantly (p=0.0015). The glioma patients with NRP1 overexpression showed a poorer prognosis (p=0.0202) than those without such overexpression. NRP1 was observed in the glioma cells by immunohistochemical analyses. VEGF-A and VEGFR overexpression did not show any correlation with the clinicopathological features, including NRP expression. These results suggest that NRP1 overexpression, rather than VEGF-A or VEGFR, contributes to tumor progression and has clinical significance for glioma.
 ...
PMID:Overexpression of the neuropilin 1 (NRP1) gene correlated with poor prognosis in human glioma. 1516 Sep 92

There is still controversy about the classification of laryngeal preneoplastic lesions. In this study, we compared the World Health Organization (WHO) and Ljubljana histological classifications with regard to laryngeal epithelial hyperplastic-dysplastic lesions in a single series to determine their relation to statistically significant criteria when the mechanisms of neoplastic progression are considered. Emphasis was put on p53 expression, proliferative activity, and angiogenesis. Fifty-four laryngeal biopsies with preneoplastic changes were re-evaluated and classified according to both classifications. The streptavidin-biotin method was used for immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67, p53, and CD34 antibodies. A positive correlation was obtained between the histological categories and Ki-67, p53, and CD34 expressions using both classifications (Spearman's Correlation test). There was a significant difference between the histological categories of both the WHO and the Ljubljana classifications, when the expression of the three markers was compared (Kruskal Wallis test, p = 0.000 for each). Further evaluation revealed a statistically significant difference between all categories of both classifications, excluding the p53 overexpression scores and vessel counts in mild and moderate dysplasia categories (Mann-Whitney U-test, p = 0.209, and 0.091 respectively), and the p53 overexpression scores in severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ categories (Mann-Whitney U-test, p = 0.249) of the WHO classification. Similarly, no significant differences were found between severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ, as well as between atypical hyperplasia and carcinoma in situ categories using both classifications for the Ki-67 expression (Mann-Whitney U-test, p = 0.806, and 0.111, respectively). Our results suggest that regarding the mechanisms of neoplastic progression such as p53 expression and angiogenesis, the histological categories of the Ljubljana classification seem to depend on additional evidence. Therefore, we support the use of the Ljubljana classification.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistological comparison of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Ljubljana classifications on the grading of preneoplastic lesions of the larynx. 1520 Feb 69

Tumor angiogenesis is associated with tumor progression and aggressiveness in a number of malignancies, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is considered as a leading candidate in this process. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of VEGF immunohistochemical expression and tumor angiogenesis in predicting local recurrence in surgically treated lip SCC. We performed a retrospective analysis of 50 patients with lip SCC in order to investigate whether VEGF immunohistochemical expression and tumor angiogenesis correlate with clinicopathologic parameters and outcome. Tumor angiogenesis was estimated by determining microvessel density (MVD) with the use of CD34 antibody. Our results showed that VEGF was strongly correlated with tumor invasion towards the surgical margin. There was also a significant association of high VEGF expression with a higher incidence of local recurrence (p < 0.001). We suggest that VEGF expression may be used as an index to distinguish patients with higher risk of relapse.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor correlates with positive surgical margins and recurrence in T1 and T2 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lower lip. 1538 Jan 73

Loss of PTEN expression has been associated with advanced stages of tumor. Tumor angiogenesis is involved in tumor progression. In breast cancer, a high frequency of mutations of the PTEN locus has been reported. However, the prognostic importance of PTEN expression and its correlation with angiogenesis in breast cancer have not been well established. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 99 women with a primary diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma were evaluated for PTEN expression by immunohistochemical methods. The microvessel density (MVD) was also studied by immunohistochemical labeling of endothelial cells with CD34 antibody. Computerized image analysis was used to evaluate MVD. Reduced PTEN expression was seen in 27.3% of invasive ductal carcinoma. The MVD ranged from 22.0 to 197.0, with a median value of 58.5 (65.4 +/- 27.9). Reduced PTEN expression correlated with lymph node status (P < 0.01), tumor grade (P < 0.05), and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P < 0.05). There was a statistically significant correlation between reduced PTEN expression and increased MVD (P < 0.05). The mean MVD was higher in reduced PTEN-expressive tumors, irrespective of stage, compared with normal PTEN-expressive tumors with the same stage. On multivariate analysis, only TNM stage and reduced PTEN expression correlated with survival. Our results suggest that reduced PTEN expression may be an independent prognostic indicator in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma. PTEN loss may be associated with increased tumor angiogenesis.
 ...
PMID:Reduced PTEN expression is associated with poor outcome and angiogenesis in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. 1555 32

This is a pilot study performed to determine the maximum tolerated number of courses of high-dose thiotepa and carboplatin with autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) transplantation in poor-risk pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumor patients. Twelve patients were enrolled and a total of 24 PBPC transplants were performed. The median age was 7.7 years. All patients had CNS tumors: 4 relapsed CNS PNET, 2 high-risk PNET in first remission, 2 relapsed/progressive brainstem tumor, 2 relapsed/progressive anaplastic astrocytoma, 1 relapsed GBM, and 1 recurrent ependymoma. The regimen consisted of thiotepa 250 mg/m2/day x 3 days and carboplatin 400 mg/m2/day x 3 days. No toxic deaths occurred. All patients were hospitalized for a median duration of 17 days. The median number of CD34 cells infused was 5.4 x 10(6)/kg (2.1-29.7 x 10(6)/kg) per course. Median time to ANC > 0.5 x 10(9)/L was 9 days, and platelets > 20 x 10(9)/L was 13.5 days. Four patients came off protocol after only one course of PBPC (2 had tumor progression, 2 parental choice); 4 patients underwent two, and 4 patients three courses of PBPC. Major nonhematologic complications were mucositis that necessitated infusion of narcotics (11/24 courses), fever of unknown origin (12/24), documented infection (9/24), and hemorrhagic cystitis (3/24). TPN was administered during 22 of 24 courses with a median duration of 15 days. It isfeasible to administer 2-3 courses of tandem high-dose thiotepa and carboplatin with PBPC transplant with prompt engraftment and manageable toxicities in pediatric CNS tumor patients.
 ...
PMID:A pilot trial of tandem autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation following high-dose thiotepa and carboplatin in children with poor-risk central nervous system tumors. 1562 20

Adhesion of inflammatory cells to vascular endothelium is mediated by specific cell adhesion receptors on both leukocytes and endothelial cells. One of the adhesion molecules on the endothelium is P-selectin. Decreased vascular P-selectin expression has been associated with tumor progression in melanoma patients. We now report on the expression of endothelial P-selectin in colorectal cancer (CRC). We studied a colorectal tissue specimen series ranging from normal colorectal tissue via unmetastasized primary tumors to tumors with the same depth of invasion at the primary site but with liver metastases. Moreover, P-selectin expression levels in liver metastases were determined. The number of P-selectin positive vessels as a fraction of the total number of vessels, both intra- and peritumorally, was determined by staining for CD62P and CD34, respectively. Furthermore, by immunostaining for leukocytes (CD45) and macrophages (CD68), it was evaluated whether levels of P-selectin expression influenced infiltrate density and composition. The results showed that levels of peritumoral P-selectin expression were reciprocal to the degree of progression in CRC. This relation was even more pronounced intratumorally: in metastasized primary tumors and in the metastatic lesions, P-selectin expression was virtually absent. This distribution pattern was reflected in the numbers of leukocytes that accumulated in the various tissues, since in the primary tumors with metastases, and in the metastatic lesions, hardly any infiltrating cells were observed. In these lesions, leukocytes were present in the peritumoral zone, but seemed unable to enter the tumor tissue. In primary tumors without metastasis, the intratumoral leukocyte infiltration density was significantly higher. Recruitment levels of macrophages remained constant throughout the different tissues. We suggest that downregulation of endothelial P-selectin expression is a mechanism by which CRC lesions evade inflammatory regression and, thereby, progress to a more advanced stage of malignancy.
 ...
PMID:Progressive loss of endothelial P-selectin expression with increasing malignancy in colorectal cancer. 1564 Aug 34

Carbonyl reductase (CBR) is a cytosolic NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase metabolizing prostaglandins, steroids, quinines, and anthracycline antibiotics. Many experimental studies have shown that CBR plays important roles in the regulation of tumor progression, but clinical significance of CBR status remains unclear. Thus, we conducted a retrospective study on CBR mRNA expression in lung cancer. Tumor tissues obtained from 59 non-small-cell lung cancer patients were analyzed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay to reveal clinical significance of CBR expression. Angiogenesis was measured immunohistochemically as intratumoral microvessel density (IMVD) using anti-CD34 monoclonal antibody CD34-IMVD) and anti-CD105 monoclonal antibody (CD105-IMVD). CBR mRNA expression was significantly reduced along with progression of primary tumors (the mean CBR mRNA/GAPDH mRNA, 3.288x10(-2) for pT1, 1.628x10(-2) for pT2, and 1.175x10(-2) for pT3-4 disease, respectively; P=0.02). Moreover, CBR mRNA expression in tumor with nodal involvement seemed to be reduced as compared with that in tumor without nodal involvement (the mean CBR mRNA/GAPDH mRNA, 1.446x10(-2) and 2.531x10(-2), respectively), whereas the difference did not reach a statistical significance (P=0.09). The mean CD105-IMVD for CBR-high tumor was 59.2, which was significantly lower than that for CBR-low tumor (130.6, P=0.02), whereas no significant difference between the mean CD34-IMVDs for CBR-high tumor and CBR-low tumor was found. The 5-year survival rate of CBR-high patients was 68.3%, significantly higher than that of CBR-low patients (36.5%; P=0.03). A multivariate analysis confirmed that CBR-high expression was a significant factor to predict a favorable prognosis (P=0.04; relative risk, 0.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.16-0.98). Expression of CBR mRNA was a significant prognostic factor in non-small-cell lung cancer and was inversely associated with tumor progression and angiogenesis.
 ...
PMID:Carbonyl reductase expression and its clinical significance in non-small-cell lung cancer. 1610 46

Microvessel density (MVD) has been studied in a number of neoplasias, and apparently, there is a relationship between angiogenesis and tumor progression, response to treatment, and outcome. In pituitary adenoma, the association between MVD and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with tumor behavior has been described, but correlation with other angiogenic factors such as fetal liver kinase 1 (Flk-1) or proliferative markers is unknown. We investigated MVD, VEGF, and its receptor Flk-1 expression in 60 human pituitary adenomas: 13 growth hormone cell adenomas, 7 prolactin cell adenomas, 5 corticotroph cell adenomas, 2 thyrotroph cell adenomas, and 33 nonfunctioning adenomas (30 gonadotroph cell adenomas and 3 null cell adenomas). We performed immunohistochemistry for CD34, Ki-67, VEGF, and Flk-1. To evaluate MVD, we used 2 methods: the number of vessels per square millimeter and the Chalkley method. Immunohistochemistry results were correlated, as well as with clinicopathologic factors. Adenomas with higher MVD were thyrotroph cell adenomas (299.9 +/- 87.5), and those with lower MVD were prolactin cell adenomas (168.6 +/- 63.3; P = .45, analysis of variance). We found a trend toward higher MVD in the adenomas of older patients (P = .142), but no difference was found regarding sex, extrasellar extension, or Ki-67 (P > .05). However, extrasellar extension was nearly significant when the Chalkley method score was high (P = .056). Low expression of VEGF was seen predominantly in prolactin cell adenomas, and high in nonfunctioning adenomas, or in cases of older patients (P < or = .032). Flk-1 score correlated with VEGF (P = .006). High expression was observed in nonfunctioning adenomas, cases presenting at older ages, and with extrasellar extension (P < or = .022). Our study shows that VEGF and Flk-1 are widely expressed in pituitary adenomas, predominantly in nonfunctioning adenomas and those presenting at older ages. Moreover, Flk-1 is associated with a more aggressive phenotype, and it may have potential therapeutic interest.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor angiogenic factors in human pituitary adenomas. 1622 8


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>