Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0178874 (tumor progression)
 40,807 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An exposure to tobacco smoke carcinogens is followed by an interaction of chemical carcinogens with DNA molecule resulted by the formation of carcinogen: DNA adducts. The study subjects were 40 oral and pharyngeal cancer patients with primary tumours diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. The biological samples purchased for analysis included tumour biopsy, the surrounding tissue (histopathologically recognised as non-malignant) and peripheral blood leucocytes. For DNA adducts analysis first DNA was isolated using phenol detergent extraction followed by 32P-postlabelling assay including P1 nuclease enhancement. Aromatic DNA adducts were found in all studied tissues. The average levels of DNA adducts in tumour and non-tumour tissues were found higher than in leucocytes. Biopsies from pharynx contained higher levels of DNA adducts than from oral cavities. Confounding effect of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption on DNA adducts level was observed but it has not reached statistical significance. Formation of DNA adducts was not depended on such factors as patients age, sex, pulmonary tuberculosis, cancer progression (TNM), environmental pollution and mechanical irritation.
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PMID:[Analysis of aromatic DNA adducts in oral cavity and pharyngeal cancer]. 1096 Oct 72

This study was designed to determine whether the level of retinoblastoma protein (pRb) expression predicts tumor progression and prognosis in gallbladder carcinomas (GBCs) and the relationship between pRb and pl6INK4 protein expression. The expression of these two proteins was evaluated immunohistochemically in 37 tumors from 36 patients with GBC. pRb loss and overexpression were observed in 5 (13.5%) and 18 (48.6%) of the 37 tumors, respectively. Both pRb loss and overexpression were significantly correlated with advanced TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and tumor perineural invasion. Moreover, pRb overexpression was significantly associated with decreased overall survival (P = 0.001; log-rank test). Further analysis indicated that the influence of pRb overexpression on survival was independent of TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. Loss of p16INK4 protein was observed in 28 of the 37 GBCs (75.7%), but was not significantly associated with any clinicopathological factors or survival. pRb overexpression was significantly associated with the loss of p161NK4 protein (P < 0.0001). These results suggest that pRb overexpression significantly predicts decreased survival in GBCs.
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PMID:Overexpression of retinoblastoma protein predicts decreased survival and correlates with loss of p16INK4 protein in gallbladder carcinomas. 1105 Dec 62

Alterations of integrin expression levels in cancer cells correlate with changes in invasiveness, tumor progression, and metastatic potential. The beta1C integrin, an alternatively spliced form of the human beta1 integrin, has been shown to inhibit prostate cell proliferation. Furthermore, beta1C protein levels were found to be abundant in normal prostate glandular epithelium and down-regulated in prostatic adenocarcinoma. To gain further insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying abnormal cancer cell proliferation, we have studied beta1C and beta1 integrin expression at both mRNA and protein levels by Northern and immunoblotting analysis using freshly isolated neoplastic and normal human prostate tissue specimens. Steady-state mRNA levels were evaluated in 38 specimens: 33 prostatic adenocarcinomas exhibiting different Gleason's grade and five normal tissue specimens that did not show any histological manifestation of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Our results demonstrate that beta1C mRNA is expressed in normal prostate and is significantly down-regulated in neoplastic prostate specimens. In addition, using a probe that hybridizes with all beta1 variants, mRNA levels of beta1 are found reduced in neoplastic versus normal prostate tissues. We demonstrate that beta1C mRNA down-regulation does not correlate with either tumor grade or differentiation according to Gleason's grade and TNM system evaluation, and that beta1C mRNA levels are not affected by hormonal therapy. In parallel, beta1C protein levels were analyzed. As expected, beta1C is found to be expressed in normal prostate and dramatically reduced in neoplastic prostate tissues; in contrast, using an antibody to beta1 that recognizes all beta1 variants, the levels of beta1 are comparable in normal and neoplastic prostate, thus indicating a selective down-regulation of the beta1C protein in prostate carcinoma. These results demonstrate for the first time that beta1C and beta1 mRNA expression is down-regulated in prostate carcinoma, whereas only beta1C protein levels are reduced. Our data highlight a selective pressure to reduce the expression levels of beta1C, a very efficient inhibitor of cell proliferation, in prostate malignant transformation.
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PMID:Regulation of mRNA and protein levels of beta1 integrin variants in human prostate carcinoma. 1107 31

Cyclin D1 is a set of periodic protein which governs G1 progression. Cyclin D1 gene is localized on chromosome 11q13 which encodes a 295-aa protein. Overexpression of cyclin D1 leads to abnormal cellular proliferation. Which underlies processes of tumorigenesis. In this paper twenty-five fresh specimens of laryngeal carcinomas were examined by means of immune flurescence technique. Overexpression of cyclin D1 was found in 9 of 16 laryngeal carcinomas (37%). There was no statistical correlation between overexpression of cyclin D1 and TNM staging, differentiation grading (P > 0.05). Normal tissue adjacent to tumors lacked any detectable cyclin D1 expression or rare scattered positive cells. It was likely that cyclin D1 overexpression wasn't an early event in processes of tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Follow-up investigation demonstrated that tumors recurred in 4 of 9 primary tumors overexpressing cyclin D1. But only 1 of 16 that expressed cyclin D1-negative. There was statistical significance between them, so overexpression of cyclin D1 could serve as a new prognostic marker.
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PMID:[Overexpression of cyclin D1 in laryngeal carcinomas]. 1118 54

The relationship between the apoptosis and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the clinical stages in gastric cancers was studied. By using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique and PCNA immunohistochemical staining, the apoptosis and the expression of PCNA in tissue of gastric carcinoma were assayed in situ, the index of apoptosis (AI), index of PCNA (PI) and the rate of AI/PI were calculated. AI and PI in gastric cancer tissues were (6.5 +/- 3.7)% and (49.8 +/- 15.9)% respectively, and the rate of AI/PI was 0.13 +/- 0.05, which were obviously different from those of normal gastric mucosa in paragastric cancer (P < 0.01). With the advanced TNM stages of gastric carcinoma, the AI was decreased, PI was increased and the rate of AI/PI decreased in gastric carcinoma. There was significant difference in them between the gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric mucosa in pericarcinoma in TNM stage II to IV (P < 0.05). It was suggested that the decreased apoptotic cells and the increased proliferating cells were obviously related to the tumor genesis and tumor progression in gastric carcinoma. The AI, PI and the rate of AI/PI would become the prognostic factors in advanced gastric carcinoma.
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PMID:The relationship between apoptosis and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and the clinical stages in gastric carcinoma. 1121 55

p53 Antibodies (p53-Abs) have been detected in the serum of a proportion of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. It is not yet known at which stage during colorectal tumor progression p53-Abs appear in the serum. The utility of these antibodies as markers for CRC prognosis remains to be clarified. Using a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we analyzed serum samples from 998 CRC patients and from 211 patients with polyp. Levels of p53-Abs were defined as negative (<10 U/microL), low (10-76 U/microL) and high (>76 U/microL). Overall, 13.0% of CRC patients and less than 1% of polyp patients had increased serum p53-Ab levels. High p53-Ab levels were only seen in patients with invasive carcinomas. The parameters that were significantly and independently associated with a greater frequency of high p53-Ab levels were the left colon (odds ratio [OR] = 3.4; 95% CI = 1.1-10.5), the rectum (OR = 2.9; 95% CI, 1.0-8.8) and advanced lymph node metastasis (OR = 4.6; 95% CI, 2.2-9.6). In univariate analysis, patients with high p53-Ab levels had a shorter survival times than did those without (p = 0.007). However, the significant effect disappeared in a Cox regression model adjusting for sex, age, tumor location, carcinoembryonic antigen levels, gross findings, histologic grade, mucin production and TNM stage. Thus, autoantibodies against p53 occur with tumor progression in multistep colorectal carcinogenesis and increase with advanced node metastasis. Furthermore, the seemingly adverse effect of high p53-Ab levels on the survival of CRC patients may be explained by other prognostic factors.
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PMID:Humoral response to p53 in human colorectal tumors: a prospective study of 1,209 patients. 1174 89

Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a key enzyme in arachidonic acid metabolism. Two isoforms of this enzyme have been identified: constitutive COX-1 and inducible COX-2. Recently, expression of COX-2 has been found in several human carcinomas. COX-2 expression may contribute to the synthesis of prostanoids, which relate to carcinogenesis and tumor progression. We investigated the expression of COX-2 in 175 human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues using immunohistochemistry and evaluated the relationship with clinicopathological findings. In addition, due to the known relevance of p53 to carcinogenesis, we evaluated the expression of COX-2 and p53. Interestingly, cancer tissues with high COX-2 expression were found significantly more often in the middle and lower esophagus than in the cervical and upper esophagus (p = 0.0014). No significant differences were observed in other clinicopathological data such as age, sex, histopathological grading, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, TNM clinical classification and patient prognosis. p53 expression was associated with the expression of COX-2 (p = 0.0122). Our findings suggest that COX-2 may play a role in the development of squamous cell carcinoma in the lower part of the thoracic esophagus.
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PMID:Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 is associated with carcinogenesis of the lower part of thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and p53 expression. 1181 43

Cell lines provide a good model for studies on molecular and cellular events accompanying neoplastic transformation and cancer progression. The data in recent literature suggest an occurrence of repetitive chromosome aberrations that can be linked with particular stages of cancer. Ten cell lines derived from squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx at the University of Turku were karyotyped. The studied cell lines represented a variety of primary locations of the tumors, TNM staging and histological grading. Karyotyping was done by the classical cytogenetic technique with the application of GTG, QFQ and other banding techniques; some complex aberrations were analyzed by the FISH technique. The results document several numerical and structural aberrations. Attention was focused on the monosomy of chromosomes 13, 17 and 18, frequent deletions of the Y chromosome. Structural aberrations were frequently seen at chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9 and 11, mostly as deletions (usually deletions of a whole arm), translocations, isochromosomes, duplications and marker chromosomes. The study is in progress and aims to find a correlation between particular aberrations and disease staging. At present, two observations seem to be firm: the amplification of the 11q13 region appeared in tumors with a short survival. However, the primary location of the tumor should be taken into account when considering 11q13 as a prognostic marker. The same is applicable for del(9p), which indicates an early stage of disease. Besides the frequent chromosome aberrations, attention should be paid to marker chromosomes that are potentially specific for laryngeal cancer.
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PMID:Analysis of chromosome aberrations in cell lines derived from laryngeal cancer in relation to tumor progression. 1210 32

Galectin-3, a multifunctional beta-galactocide binding lectin possibly participates in a variety of biological events including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The implication of galectin-3 during malignancy progression has been suggested in several cancers, including colon, prostate, thyroid, and breast cancer, however, scarce data are available in gastric cancer. We examined the expression of galectin-3 in 86 primary gastric cancers and the 40 metastatic lymph nodes by immunohistochemistry to explore whether it is related to the malignant progression. Positive galectin-3 expression was observed in 84% of the gastric cancer cases. In enhanced cells of cancerous lesions, 48% showed stronger nuclear immunoreactivity than cytoplasmic one, whereas adjacent epithelial cells showed little or weak nuclear immunoreactivity. When galectin-3 expression in gastric carcinoma was compared with that in gastric tissues adjacent to the cancers, there was a significant difference. The degree of enhancement of immunoreactivity was different corresponding to various histopathological subtypes in cancer tissues. A significantly stronger expression of galectin-3 in cancer tissues was only observed in papillary and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. When galectin-3 expression and tumor progression (TNM staging) was compared, a significant correlation was observed in overall cases, and only in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma the galectin-3 expression correlated with tumor progression among various subtypes. Galectin-3 expression was observed significantly stronger in metastatic lymph nodes than in the primary gastric cancers, and also in these cases among histological subtypes, only in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, the expression of galectin-3 in metastatic lymph nodes was stronger than the primary cancer. In conclusion galectin-3 might be a useful tumor marker for gastric cancers with respects to tumor progression and potentiality of lymph node metastasis especially in certain histological types of gastric cancer.
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PMID:Increased expression of galectin-3 in primary gastric cancer and the metastatic lymph nodes. 1237 39

It has been suggested that circulating soluble Fas (sFas) contributes to tumor progression. However, little is known about the role of sFas in breast cancer. This study was designed with the aim of elucidating the possible relation between sFas and breast cancer. A series of 57 consecutive patients with invasive breast cancer undergoing surgery were prospectively included in the study and evaluated. Venous blood samples were collected before surgery. Sera were obtained by centrifugation and stored at -70 degrees C until assayed. The control group consisted of 12 patients with benign breast tumors (6 with fibrocystic disease, 6 with fibroadenoma). Serum concentrations of sFas were measured by the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. The data on primary tumor staging, age, estrogen receptor status, lymph node status, tumor grading, and TNM staging were reviewed and recorded. The mean value of circulating sFas in patients with invasive breast cancer was 794.2 +/- 183.0 pg/ml and that of the control group 582.1 +/- 62.8 pg/ml; the difference was significant (p < 0.001). Furthermore, there were significantly higher serum levels of sFas in the older patients (age > or = 50) (p = 0.020) and in those with a more advanced TNM stage (p = 0.021). In the multivariate analysis, TNM stage (p = 0.005) appeared to be an independent factor for significantly higher circulating sFas in patients with invasive breast cancer. Thus circulating sFas levels may reflect the severity of invasive breast cancer. Hence the possible prognostic value of sFas for breast cancer deserves further elucidation and evaluation with long-term patient follow-up.
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PMID:Circulating soluble Fas in patients with breast cancer. 1255 31


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