Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0178874 (tumor progression)
 40,807 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eighty-nine breast cancer patients were studied for the end result of therapy. During surgery, the anaesthesia administered was either halothane (61 cases) or ether (28 cases) mixture with nitrogen and oxygen. The holstead method for mastectomy was used for all cases. The results showed that the type of anaesthesia influenced the end results of therapy of breast cancer patients. The survival rates of patients receiving halothane were much higher than those of ether anaesthetized cases. The differences were most pronounced among cases who received both preoperative radiotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy, and in cases with metastasis into regional lymph node. A comparison of groups of patients on the basis of such parameters as the anaesthetic used, age and degree of tumor progression (according to TNM classification and post-operative histological assays) showed them to well matched. These results may be explained by the effects of the anaesthesia on the role of immunity in controlling tumor cell implantation and growth of metastasis.
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PMID:Survival rates of breast carcinoma patients after surgery and anaesthetic. 45 20

Morphometric analysis was performed on 22 radical prostatectomy specimens of clinical stage A1 and 22 specimens of stage A2 prostate cancers. Of 44 stage A cancers (86%), 38 arose in the transition zone of the prostate, while only 6 were peripheral zone tumors. The subclassification into stages A1 and A2 based on the percentage of cancer in the transurethral resection specimen was not able reliably to separate patients with high-volume stage A cancer from those with low-volume stage A cancer. The same was true when the patients were subclassified according to the criteria of the TNM system (TNM 1987). However, all cases (n = 6) with Gleason grade 4 elements in the TUR chips had relatively high-volume residual TUR cancer (greater than or equal to 1.7 cm3) in the radical specimen. Unsuspected cancers unrelated to the incidental prostate cancer were found in 73% of the specimens. The vast majority (87%) were peripheral zone cancers. Eight unsuspected cancers were larger than the Stage A cancer, but only 2 of the 8 were larger than 1 cm3. Our data suggest that the subclassification of stage A into stages A1 and A2 or the subclassification according to the TNM criteria (TNM 1987) does not reliably separate patients who are at risk of cancer progression. Further diagnostic procedures are necessary in these patients. Post-TUR serum PSA levels (Yang) provided valuable additional information in this series. Post-TUR PSA levels increased with increasing residual cancer volume in the prostate. Below a post-TUR PSA of 1 ng/ml, total residual cancer volume was less than 0.4 cm3 in 7 of 8 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Incidental prostate cancer: volume, location and degree of differentiation of the tumor in the radical prostatectomy specimen and value of subclassification to stage A1 and A2]. 172 22

Monoclonal antibody UM-A9 identifies an antigen found on the basal surface of epithelial cells and expressed on all of the squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) that we have tested. In a previous study, we showed that cell lines from metastatic or recurrent SCC exhibit stronger expression of the A9 cell membrane antigen than cell lines from the primary tumor of the same donors, suggesting that this marker is associated with tumor progression. Loss of expression in tumor tissue of normal A, B, and H (ABH) blood group antigens has also been linked to clinical behavior in some epithelial cancers. To determine the prognostic significance of these antigen markers, we prospectively evaluated tissue specimens for expression of these markers in a group of 82 consecutive, previously untreated patients with SCC of the head and neck. Three patterns corresponding to strong (pattern 1), intermediate (pattern 2), or weak (pattern 3) A9 antigen expression were observed. Fifty-eight percent of the patients whose tumors had pattern 1 A9 antigen expression and 78% of the patients with loss of blood group antigen had early relapse, compared with only 34% of those with A9 antigen pattern 2 or 3 (P = .042) and 37% of those whose tumors expressed the mature ABH blood group antigen (P = .012). The combination of A9 pattern and ABH blood group antigen expression in tumor tissue was the variable most strongly associated with duration of disease-free survival, even after adjustment for the traditional prognostic factors of tumor site, stage, and TNM classification. Loss of blood group was the most significant single variable associated with early recurrence, but among patients whose tumors retained ABH blood group antigen expression, the A9 pattern distinguished good and poor prognostic groups. To our knowledge, our study is the first to demonstrate that differences in blood group antigen expression are significantly correlated with disease-free survival in SCC of the head and neck. We have initiated a study (a) to determine the relationship of the A9 antigen and the blood group antigens with clinical response of the tumors and (b) to determine whether these markers should be used as prognostic indicators.
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PMID:Altered antigen expression predicts outcome in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. 211 37

From June 1, 1981 to December 31, 1985, 122 patients aged 54 to 83 years, with locally advanced prostatic carcinoma, were treated with buserelin. Nineteen of the patients received combined therapy with buserelin and androcur for the first 3 months. To control the response of the primary tumor to therapy, fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the prostate was made in all patients at 3-month intervals. Fifty-eight (76.3%) of 76 patients with locally advanced prostatic carcinoma, with or without bone metastases, who underwent buserelin therapy for periods of 12-54 months showed good to satisfactory regression grades in the primary tumor. Eighteen patients (23.7%) showed poor regression or none, established by cytological findings and the measure of DNA by means of single cell-scanning cytophotometry. In three of the 58 patients, tumor progression or bone metastases occurred despite favorable regression grade; these were the only cases in which there was a discrepancy between the clinical course of the disease and the grade of regression in the primary tumor. According to TNM classification, 68 of the 78 patients treated for 12-54 months were in stage T3 NX M0; eight were in stage T3/T4 NX M1. On the basis of our long-term studies, it can be stated that buserelin therapy induces positive therapy response in more than 75% of locally advanced, inoperable, primary prostatic carcinoma. The clinical castration caused by buserelin through selective suppression of gonadotrophic secretion in the pituitary gland is, as the term implies, no more effective than surgical castration. However, the gonadotrophin suppression induced by buserelin is reversible and spares the patient the psychic stress of orchiectomy. This is a decisive advantage in light of the fact that in 20-40% of patients with locally advanced primary prostatic carcinoma, the primary tumor is hormone-refractory, and surgical castration would prove unnecessary after all.
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PMID:Treatment of locally advanced prostatic carcinoma with LHRH analogues: cytological, DNA-cytophotometrical, and clinical results. 296 59

One hundred forty-one head and neck squamous cell carcinomas were analyzed for keratin (K) 6, 13 and 19. Staining was evaluated by light microscopy (with or without grading) and image analyzer and expressed as a percentage of positive versus all tumor surface (PSA). Both techniques rendered strongly correlated results. Strong expression was noted in 108 carcinomas (76.1%) for K6, in 18 (12.7%) for K19 and in 21 (14.8%) for K13 (P = .001). One hundred thirty-six (96%) tumors were positive for K6, and their PSA ranged from 0.6% to 48.8%; K19, 48 cases (0.2-44%); K13, 59 (0.2-38.1%). Expression of K6 was related to differentiation. K19 was expressed mainly in moderately and poorly differentiated tumors, and K13 was manifest more in well-differentiated carcinomas or in keratinized areas of less-differentiated ones. Nineteen (13.38%) tumors were positive for both K13 and K19. K19 thus was related to tumor progression and K13 to differentiation. There was no correlation with tumor site or TNM category.
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PMID:Keratins 6, 13 and 19. Differential expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. 750 82

"Incidental" cancer refers to predominantly well differentiated cancer that arises in the transition zone and is found by chance in TURP chips. These tumours are frequently small and may be completely resected by TURP, although a significant number have an additional tumour that is unreachable with a resectoscope. These tumours often co-exist with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Putative precursors of incidental carcinoma include high grade PIN and AAH, and these lesions are frequently found in the transition zone in prostatectomies for cancer. The single most significant question in treating incidental adenocarcinoma is how to separate tumours that will progress from those that will not progress during the expected lifetime of the patient. The 1992 revision of the TNM staging system separated non-aggressive (T1a) and aggressive (T1b) incidental cancer according to the number of foci of cancer, using more than three foci as the cutpoint to identify more aggressive cancer. However, 8-37% of patients with T1 a cancer will develop cancer progression within 10 years if untreated, with the risk of progression increasing with additional years of follow-up. Important prognostic factors include the patient's age, tumour location (peripheral zone v. transition zone), tumour grade, tumour volume, serum PSA concentrations and morphometric factors such as nuclear roundness. Studies directed at early detection allow discovery of increasingly smaller cancers.
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PMID:The pathology of incidental carcinoma. 762 75

To clarify the significance of factors of coagulation and fibrinolysis in tumor progression, we measured levels of D-Dimer, Thrombin-Anti-Thrombin III complex (TAT), and Plasmin-alpha 2-Anti-Plasmin complex (PAP) in 55 patients with primary lung cancer, and studied the relationship between these parameters and clinical TNM stage. D-Dimer, TAT and PAP increased in parallel with progression of primary tumor and distant metastasis, whereas there was no significant relationship between the progression of nodal involvement and these factors. In 19 patients, we investigated changes of D-Dimer, PAP and TAT during chemotherapy. These parameters decreased in the partial response group and minor response group, whereas they increased in the progressive disease group. These data suggest that D-Dimer, PAP and TAT determination is useful for evaluation of disorders of coagulation and fibrinolysis related to tumor progression or remission in patients with lung cancer.
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PMID:[Significance of factors of coagulation and fibrinolysis in progression of lung cancer]. 839 May 88

Cyclin D3, a cell cycle regulator, is encoded in the 6q21 chromosome region. Abnormalities of this gene and its protein product have not been found in normal tissues or in malignancies from human subjects. The expression of cyclin D3 was studied immunohistochemically in archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens from normal organs obtained from three autopsy cases and 237 human primary pulmonary carcinomas. In normal organs, nuclear positivity for cyclin D3 was observed in reactive type-2 pneumocytes, islets of Langerhans, lymphocytes from lymph nodes, superficial cells of transitional epithelium, epithelium of oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and gallbladder, endothelium, smooth muscles, and brain. Proliferating cells such as lymphocytes in the germinal centres and non-proliferating cells such as neurons both demonstrated cyclin D3 immunoreactivity. Cyclin D3 showed obvious nuclear immunoreactivity in 168 pulmonary carcinomas (71%). The proportion of tumour cells that were cyclin D3-positive ranged from 1% to 73% (median, 16%). There was no relationship between cyclin D3 immunoreactivity and histological typing, tumour differentiation, or pathological TNM staging. In pulmonary carcinomas, distinct expression of the cyclin D3 protein is unlikely to be implicated in tumorigenesis, because of its expression in only a small fraction of cancer cells. It may relate to cancer progression. The distribution of cyclin D3 reactivity in the normal tissues suggests that cyclin D3 affects other processes than cell cycle regulation in a lineage-specific manner.
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PMID:Immunohistochemistry of cyclin D3 in pulmonary carcinomas. 868 70

In addition to the commonly used pathologic staging systems such as the TNM classification, the grading and demographic features have been reported to affect survival following surgical extirpation of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). These features, especially the pathologic stage, are well established as prognostic factors. However, several cellular and molecular variables, although potentially important in the ultimate outcome, are not taken into consideration by these criteria. Thus patients with different prognoses may be classified as belonging to the same stages. Attempts are now made to use cytogenetic and molecular findings to predict long-term survival of RCC patients. Chromosome 16 q and 14 q aberrations may play an important role in the future by identifying the high-risk groups of patients with papillary and nonpapillary RCC, resp. In nonpapillary RCC, mutations of the von Hippel-Lindau gene have been implicated as the initial step of carcinogenesis. However, the subsequent steps remain to be elucidated and the search for genetic markers associated with tumor progression is under way. The distinction between patients with high and low risk of progression will become increasingly important as more effective adjuvant therapies are available.
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PMID:[Traditional and future criteria for progression in renal cell carcinoma. Molecular biology and clinical aspects]. 871 34

The expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was studied immunohistochemically in tissue specimens from 157 patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Tumor cells that expressed bFGF were found in 89 patients (74%). The expression of bFGF was correlated with T and M in the TNM classification, disease stage and curability. The 5-year survival rate was 24% in bFGF-positive patients but 66% in bFGF-negative patients, the difference being significant (P<0.01). The 5-year survival rate of patients with stage I disease was 73% in those who were bFGF-positive but 88% in those who were bFGF-negative, the difference being significant (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the expression of bFGF was significantly related to prognosis. These findings suggest that bFGF plays an important role in tumor progression and that its expression may be a useful prognostic indicator for pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical detection of basic fibroblast growth factor as a prognostic indicator in pulmonary adenocarcinoma. 889 67


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