Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0178874 (tumor progression)
 40,807 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a glycoprotein derived from prostatic ductal and acinar epithelial cells. The main clinical use of PSA is as a marker of prostate tumor progression/recurrence. We present a case of a sixty-nine-year-old patient with recurrent endometrioid carcinoma of the prostate (status post-radical prostatectomy, hormonal therapy, and external beam radiation therapy) with normal serum PSA.
 ...
PMID:Nondetectable prostate-specific antigen in moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of prostate. 137 34

Common manifestations of metastatic carcinoma of the prostate are bone pain, spinal cord compression, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Prostate-specific antigen represents a useful marker to monitor tumor progression and response to therapy. Until recently, no therapy was available to prolong survival in these patients. Now, the use of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist (leuprolide acetate [Lupron]) plus an antiandrogen (flutamide [Eulexin]) to provide total androgen blockade has demonstrated a 25% increase in survival time.
 ...
PMID:Carcinoma of the prostate. Treating disease that has metastasized. 170 Apr 5

The concept of a combination of radiotherapy and hormonal therapy for the treatment of locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate was evaluated in view of an improved success rate compared to radiotherapy alone. At present, however, radiotherapy still remains the central mode of therapy in the treatment of the local tumor. The time sequence in a combination with hormonal therapy is of importance. Antecedent hormonal treatment can reduce tumor size, thus improving local conditions for percutaneous--and especially interstitial--radiotherapy; it is indicated in patients with voiding problems. An improvement in survival rates has so far not been achieved, however, local tumor remission rates are better. With concomitant hormonal therapy, compared to radiotherapy alone, tumor progression rates are lower. It remains to be seen, whether these results can be improved by using newer pharmacological ways of androgen blockade. The application of androgen withdrawal as a secondary measure with local tumor persistence or progression after radiotherapy remains a palliative treatment of limited efficacy. Due to the heterogeneity of the available study reports and the concurrent lack of controlled, randomized trials, a conclusive evaluation of the concept of combined radio- and hormonal therapy of prostatic cancer is as yet not possible.
 ...
PMID:[The combined radiation and hormonal therapy of prostatic carcinoma: a conceptual analysis]. 171 45

We have investigated Langerhans cell (LC) distribution in 38 prostatic carcinomas, of various degrees of differentiation, by immunohistochemistry with a polyclonal anti-S-100 serum, furthermore evaluating the expression of HLA class II-DR by neoplastic cells using a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) that reacts with a monomorphic determinant in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. Antiserum to S-100 protein identified LCs mostly in carcinomas ranging from grade 1 to grade 2, while LCs were inconspicuous in grade 4 and virtually absent in grade 5 cancers. Moreover, sections stained with the anti -HLA-DR MoAb displayed an immunoreactivity, both cytoplasmic and apical, especially confined to neoplastic glands of low grade (1-2) carcinomas. Although we did not find a direct correlation between the two parameters under investigation and lymphoid infiltrate, we were able to document an increased number of HLA class II-positive interstitial cells in low-grade carcinomas, corresponding mostly to macrophages. Our results indicate that LC number is inversely correlated to the histopathological grade and directly to the expression of HLA class II-DR molecules by tumor cells; we believe that this might be important in understanding the more favorable biological behavior of low-grade prostate carcinomas as opposed to the higher grades, since LCs and HLA class II molecules may provide a means of eliciting the immune response, both LCs and epithelial cells expressing HLA class II molecules being capable of direct antigen presentation to immune cells. In this context macrophages might play a primary role in controlling tumor progression. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that an attempt is made to correlate LCs and HLA class II expression to histopathological grading of prostatic carcinomas. We would also suggest that the presence of LCs and HLA class II molecules, either singly or in combination, in carcinoma of the prostate represents a good prognostic indicator, being constantly associated with the clinically less aggressive low-grade tumors. The evaluation of these two parameters might prove useful in the assessment of intermediate grades where no valid histologic criteria have been found to predict the clinical course of the disease.
 ...
PMID:Distribution of Langerhans cells and HLA class II molecules in prostatic carcinomas of different histopathological grade. 187 38

We studied the progressive factors for incidental carcinoma of the prostate of 38 patients. Effects of anti-androgen drugs for the development of incidental carcinoma were examined. There were no statistical differences with age, tumor size, histopathological grade, or invasion of BPH capsule. However, the tumor progression rate was high for a tumor size of more than 10 mm or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Therefore, tumor progression was related with tumor size and histopathological grade. Of 15 patients with stage A1 disease, two patients had tumor progression. Patients with stage A1 disease are being followed with no treatment, but radical treatment may be necessary for young men. Patients with stage A2 disease must be treated with radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy or hormone therapy case by case. None of the patients who were treated with anti-androgen drugs had stage A1 disease. Patients not treated had stage A1 and A2 diseases. Anti-androgen drugs may have inhibited the development of stage A1 disease.
 ...
PMID:[Studies of progressive factors of stage A prostatic cancer]. 273 37

Although tumor volume is an important factor in predicting prognosis in carcinoma of the prostate, direct and accurate estimation of tumor volume is not practical clinically at present because the tumor may not always be palpable (stage A) and when palpable it is difficult to estimate volume in 3 dimensions. For this reason the clinical staging of prostate cancer currently is based on estimations of the per cent of gland involved with tumor: in stage A by per cent of tissue involved with cancer and in stage B by digital palpation (less than 1 lobe, 1 lobe and 2 lobes). In stage A prostate cancer the per cent of the specimen involved with tumor and the volume of tumor have been shown to correlate with tumor progression. Our study was designed to determine if either or both of these morphometric factors would be good predictors of pathological stage in stage B prostate cancer. We analyzed 56 step-sectioned radical prostatectomy specimens: 28 without capsular penetration, 15 with capsular penetration only and 13 with seminal vesicle involvement. The per cent of gland involved with tumor (correlation coefficient 0.67, p less than 0.001) and tumor volume (correlation coefficient 0.55, p less than 0.001) correlated well with pathological stage. Stepwise linear regression showed that the combination of the per cent of gland involved with tumor and the total Gleason grade was statistically the best predictor of pathological stage.
 ...
PMID:Morphometric measurement of tumor volume and per cent of gland involvement as predictors of pathological stage in clinical stage B prostate cancer. 291 56

In 153 patients with verified neoplasias of the genitourinary tract, urinary neopterin excretion was monitored under different conditions. As control, urinary neopterin values were taken from 208 male and 209 female volunteers. Neopterin excretion was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Patients with early tumor stages, both with bladder tumor and carcinoma of the prostate, presented almost normal urinary neopterin levels. The difference of urinary neopterin excretion between low and high stages in bladder tumor (T0-1 versus T2-4) as well in carcinoma of the prostate (stage A-B versus stage C-D) is highly significant (p less than 0.001). In the group of patients with renal cell carcinoma we could not find any correlation between tumor stage and neopterin excretion. The basal urinary neopterin values in patients with testicle tumors were as follows: 1 of 6 patients stage-I seminomatous tumors and 2 of 4 patients with stage-I non-seminomatous tumors demonstrated elevated neopterin levels. In the higher stages all patients, in both groups, exhibited pathologically increased neopterin excretion. During therapy and follow-up: all 24 stage-I (seminomatous and non-seminomatous tumors) patients showed normal neopterin levels: 1 of 3 stage-II (non-seminomatous tumors) patients and all 5 stage-IV (seminomatous and non-seminomatous tumors) patients had elevated urinary neopterin excretion. Our experience suggests that neopterin measurements may supplement laboratory examinations in patients with malignant tumor diseases of the genitourinary tract, providing meaningful information in regard to early detection of tumor progression, tumor recurrence and follow-up.
 ...
PMID:The value of urinary neopterin as an immunological parameter in patients with malignant tumors of the genitourinary tract. 387 60

In a prospective study 162 patients with localized or metastasizing carcinoma of the prostate were followed by fine-needle biopsies for cytological control of the therapy. 74 patients were treated by external beam irradiation (6,000-7,000 cGy rotation technique), 88 patients by hormone therapy. Cytologic regression grading was correlated with the clinical course during 3-6 years. The study shows a good correlation between the cytologic regression grade 1 year after irradiation and the clinical course. A poor regression grade (still visible tumor cells) 1 year after irradiation was followed by rapid tumor progression in more than 70%. In these cases early introduction of additional therapy should be considered. After hormone therapy the correlation of the cytologic regression grade with the clinical course is lower. Marked cytologic regression was associated with rapid tumor progression in about 60%, while poor regression grading was followed in about 50% by a satisfactory course. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy and grading of cytological regression is useful for follow-up of prostatic cancer after irradiation therapy. After hormone treatment, the grade of cytological regression does not reflect the prognosis of the disease sufficiently, thus other clinical, enzymatic and scintigraphic parameters have to be examined especially in cases with primary evidence of a metastasizing cancer of the prostate.
 ...
PMID:The value of cytology for the follow-up of prostatic cancer after hormone and irradiation therapy. 393 Feb 51

Aside from imaging techniques several (radio-)immunological analyses are used for tumor diagnosis. Oncofetal antigens, for instance the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), have become the most important substances for many malignancies. However, nearly all of the so-called tumor markers are not suitable for early diagnosis or screening either because of low sensitivity or low tumor specificity. On the other hand follow-up measurements give a very sensitive index of the success of treatment and may indicate tumor progression when other signs are still not present. In some carcinomas and under some clinical circumstances tumor specific markers are available and mandatory for detection and/or staging: AFP in hepatoma, acid phosphatase in metastasizing carcinoma of the prostate and serum thyreoglobulin in differentiated thyroid cancer.
 ...
PMID:[Radioimmunoassays in oncology]. 618 74

Available English language articles relating the grade, stage, and grade-stage of carcinoma of the prostate to evidence of tumor progression and survival in untreated and treated patients have been reviewed. Observations of the extremes of the spectrum of biological behavior of carcinoma of the prostate have been emphasized; for example, tumor progression, never or always; survival, never or always. The reported experiences indicated the following; namely, 1) reproducible biologically meaningful grading is achievable; however, grade cannot be utilized as a reliable indicator of stage; 2) accurate staging provides information that correlates with tumor progression and survival in groups of patients. However, unexpectedly prolonged or abbreviated progression-free survivals occur frequently enough in every stage, except perhaps patients with clinically unsuspected focal carcinoma, to indicate that the natural history and treatment response of individuals grouped by stage is far from homogeneous; 3) appropriate use of carefully obtained grade and stage information together maximizes the accuracy of prognostic attempts and is necessary to evaluate treatment results. At the present time, assessment and consideration of the grade and stage of carcinoma of the prostate is essential to formulate prognosis and advise and evaluate treatment in patients with this disease.
 ...
PMID:Prognostic significance of tumor grade and stage in the patient with carcinoma of the prostate. 634 82


1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>