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Query: UMLS:C0178874 (tumor progression)
 40,807 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors compared radionuclide cerebral dynamic studies, brain scans, and clinical evaluation as indicators of recurrence of intracranial anaplastic gliomas and found cerebral dynamic studies more sensitive to tumor growth than static brain scans. The former may show changes prior to clinical evidence of tumor progression.
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PMID:Cerebral dynamic studies for early detection of recurrent anaplastic intracranial gliomas. 17 51

The author reports the results of studying 311 reactions of lymphocyte blasttransformation, 74 reactions of spontaneous rosette-formation and 186 reactions of plaque-formation in 184 patients with different stages of cervical cancer. It was found that in the tumor progression cell immunity indices are lowered and the degree of the lowering is dependent on the form of tumor growth. Radiotherapy results in the enhancement of autoantibody-formation processes and suppresses the response of lymphocytes to PHA found to be mostly pronounced in patients with advanced cancer. The blasttransformation reaction correlates well with the number of peripheral blood lymphocytes, and during radiotherapy the former slows down before the routinely revealed lymphopenia, that allows using this reaction to prognosticate lymphopenia. The most large amounts of plaque-forming blood cells were detected in patients with radiation injuries of the adjacent to the uterus organs of the small pelvis. Use of lymphocyte blasttrasformation reaction and quantitation of plaque-forming blood cells may provide the grounds for the individual application of radiotherapy for cervical cancer to increase its effectiveness.
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PMID:[Control of the immunological reactivity in cervical cancer in the process of radiation therapy]. 31 45

By the method of gel-chromatography on sefadex G-200 and electrophoresis in polyacrylamid gel molecular forms of blood and liver catalase were isolated in rats with transplantable Pliss lymphosarcoma. Under study were changes in microheterogeneity of the enzyme, its activity and kinetic parameters in the kinetics of tumor growth. Quantitative and qualitative changes in the parameters under investigation were found already on the second day after tumor transplantation. These changes are enhanced with tumor progression.
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PMID:[Molecular heterogeneity of blood and liver catalase rats with tumors]. 57 62

Variations in DNA synthesis as measured by tritiated-thymidine autoradiography in mammary carcinoma before and during endocrine therapy were studied in patients treated for inoperable or locally recurrent mammary carcinoma. Tumor cells were collected by aspiration biopsy and immediately expelled into the incubating solution. Cell viability was assessed by staining unfixed cells with trypan blue and fixed cells with orecin. To assess viability tritiated-uridine incorporation was used in some experiments. The same cells were identified by each method. Bilateral oophorectomy was done in 4 patients. In the 1 case in which regression followed, a 5-fold decrease in DNA-synthesis was noted 1 week after oophorectomy but at 2 weeks no cells incoporated thymidine. In the 3 patients with tumor progression the fraction of labeled cells was unchanged. For antiestrogen therapy, Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) was used. Serial needle aspirates were collected from 38 patients who received 20 mg of Tamoxifen twice daily. Complete remission followed in 7, incomplete remission in 8, stationary disease in 7, and progression in 16. DNA synthesis fell to very low values after 1-3 weeks and remained low in the 7 cases with complete regression. Tumors showing partial regression showed diminished fractions of 5-phase cells (tritiated-thymidine-labeled cells) after 1-5 weeks. In 1 instance at 72 weeks the S-phase fraction of cells was higher than initial value. Tumor value remained stationary for 40 weeks and then increased. Antiestrogen therapy was stopped at 82 weeks. In those with progressive tumor growth there was high DNA synthesis. Between 20-30% of the cells were replicating DNA. None showed decrease in the fraction of S-phase cells, and 1 showed increase. For estrogen therapy, estradiol valepianate was given im every 2 weeks. Of the 3 patients who received estrogen therapy, 2 of the tumors responded and the DNA-synthesis rapidly decreased until none was measurable after 4 weeks. S-phase values prior to endocrine therapy showed no correlation with the therapeutic response. Tumors that responded showed a decrease in the proportion of S-phase cells during the first 3 weeks. In tumors responding to encocrine therapy the decrease in tritiated-thymidine incorporation was rapid and preceded reduction in tumor size. Data suggest that 2 aspirates should be studied before therapy and repeated after 2-4 weeks in order to include the minimal proportion of S-phase cells. The patients accepted the needle biopsies well. There were no growths of carcinoma at the puncture sites. About 5 weeks must elapse before tumor response can be assessed. Determining hormone receptors in surgically removed carcinoma specimens gives much more rapid indications as to possible response to endocrine therapy.
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PMID:3H-thymidine incorporation into mammary carcinoma cells obtained by needle aspiration before and during endocrine therapy. 106 73

In vitro lymphocyte function was evaluated in 61 patients with different clinical stages of malignant melanoma. Thirty-one of these patients had localized disease, 13 regional metastases, 10 distant lymph node or skin metastases, and 7 visceral metastases. Following immunization, in vitro lymphocyte reactivity to three antigens (diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid and alpha-hemocyanin of Helix pomatia) was studied in the presence of autologous serum, in addition to lymphocyte reactivity to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The relationship of these tests with the clinical stage and the subsequent course of the disease in a 6 months' observation period was determined. The patients with visceral metastases (7) had a lowered lymphocyte reactivity to PHA compared with controls and the patients with other stages, while they also had a low reactivity to the test antigens (only significantly lowered compared with patients with localized disease). All these patients showed tumor progression or died from metastatic disease. Between the other stages (54 patients) there was no difference in lymphocyte reactivity to the test antigens or PHA. No correlation between lymphocyte reactivity to PHA and the subsequent course of the disease could be demonstrated in these 54 patients. However, lymphocyte reactivity to the test antigens following immunization showed a definite correlation with the subsequent course. Sixty-four percent (9/14) of patients without any lymphocyte reactivity to the three antigens showed tumor recurrence or progression, against 3% (1/40) of patients with positive lymphocyte reactivity to one, two, or three antigens. A suppressive effect of autologous serum on lymphocyte reactivity could be found only in 1 of 20 patients with a low reactivity to PHA or antigens. It is concluded that defects in lymphocyte function are related to subsequent tumor growth in patients with malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Humoral and cell-mediated immune response in patients with malignant melanoma. I. In vitro lymphocyte reactivity to PHA and antigens following immunization. 117 27

Tumor growth responses in 5- to 6-week-old kittens inoculated with the Gardner-Arnstein strain of feline sarcoma virus exhibited three distinct pattern: 1) complete tumor regression or no detectable tumor growth in approximately one-third of 43 inoculated kittens, 2) rapid tumor progression which led to debilitation and death within 16.2 +/- 4.2 weeks following infection in an additional one-third, and 3) slow tumor growth or temporary regressions in the remaining third. The feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen (FOCMA) antibody response was closely correlated with tumor progression; rapid progressors had the lowest antibody titers, whereas those in the "no tumor or permanent regression" categories had the highest titers. These results agreed with those previously observed with another virus strain, the Snyder-Theilen feline sarcoma virus. Cats in the intermediate categories of tumor growth also had intermediate levels of FOCMA antibody. The presence of virus-neutralizing (VN) activity was not always correlated with anti-FOCMA activity. Animals in the rapid-progressor category, compared to the regressors or slow progressors, were more likely to have detectable VN antibody during early periods. Conversely, animals in the regressor group or group with no tumors were more likely to show an early rise in detectable anti-FOCMA activity than animals in either of the progressor groups.
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PMID:Feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen. V. Humoral immune response to virus and cell membrane antigens in cats inoculated with Gardner-Arnstein feline sarcoma virus. 120 56

An in vitro short term incubation of human tumors with different cytostatic agents and their corresponding radioactive precursors of cell metabolism allows detection of those drugs which are inefficacious on the examined tumor. The pretherapeutical knowledge of those substances keeps the patient from unnecessary and damaging cytotoxic treatment. The in vitro and in vivo correlation of this technique was tested on 3 different groups of tumor patients: 1. Chemotherapeutically treated tumor patients with primary or secondary induced resistance against the applied cytostatic agents: all substances which clinically did not influence the tumor growth at the moment of the test also were inefficient in the in vitro test system. 2. Tumor patients who were treated according to a clinical therapy regimen contrary to the results of the in vitro testing: corresponding to the test, no influence on tumor growth was seen. 3. Tumor patients who were treated according to the results of the resistance test: after 8 weeks observation none of these patients had any signs of tumor progression.
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PMID:[Resistance testing of cytostatic agents on human tumors (author's transl)]. 127 88

There is, at present, considerable interest in the possible role for the proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and interferon-gamma in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia. Indirect evidence for such a role is based on the observation that chronic administration of many of these cytokines, either alone or in combination, can reproduce the myriad of host responses seen in experimental and human cancer cachexia. Elevated plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-2, and interferon-gamma have rarely been detected in patients or experimental animals with cancer, although interleukin-6 levels appear to correlate with tumor progression in animal models. The strongest evidence for a causal role for cytokines has come from rodent studies in which tumor-bearing animals have been passively immunized with antibodies directed against individual cytokines. Several groups have shown modest but significant improvements in food intake and lean tissue retention with antibodies directed against tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and interferon-gamma. However, there has been no consistent finding that one cytokine is universally involved in cancer cachexia in histologically distinct tumor models. One ominous finding in several tumor models has been that the endogenous production of cytokines appears to support tumor growth. Such findings raise the intriguing possibility that these cytokines, although contributors to tissue wasting and anorexia, may also serve the tumor as either direct or indirect cell growth factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The role of cytokines in cancer cachexia. 128 23

MHC class I antigens participate in the immune response by presenting peptides to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. Decreased expression of these antigens in tumor cells may contribute to an evasion of immune system and consequently to enhanced tumor growth. However, not all tumors expressing low levels of HLA antigens show increased malignancy, probably as a result of the differential activity of the oncogenes involved in malignant transformation. The ras family of cellular oncogenes is one of the most frequently detected families of transformation-inducing genes in human solid tumors. The aim of this work is to study the expression of MHC antigens and the ras oncogene product, p21ras, in 60 primary breast tumors in order to define its clinical significance in tumor progression. HLA antigen expression and p21ras levels were measured on breast tumors using immunohistochemistry methods and enzymoimmunoassay, respectively. The results demonstrate that more invasive tumors have both a decreased expression of HLA class I antigens and higher levels of p21ras protein expression than less aggressive tumors. These findings indicate that the capacity of breast cancers to grow and metastasize is related to low levels of MHC class I antigens and enhanced p21ras expression, thus supporting the involvement of MHC and ras oncogenes in breast tumor malignancy.
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PMID:MHC class I antigen expression is inversely related with tumor malignancy and ras oncogene product (p21ras) levels in human breast tumors. 129 32

The availability of neoplastic cell lines with well defined growth characteristics has greatly facilitated study of the tumor phenotype, tumor progression and metastatic process. MmB16 cell line has been established in vitro from the B16 mouse melanoma serially passaged in C57BL/6 mice. From MmB16 cells two lectin-resistant (LecR) variants were selected with the use of Aleuria aurantia agglutinin (AAA). The correlation between the lectin resistance and their in vivo growth parameters, especially tumorigenicity and metastatic ability, were evaluated. The local tumor growth and the average survival time of mice after subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation of AAAR variant cells did not differ significantly from those of the parent MmB16 cells. However, the AAAR variants revealed significantly higher experimental lung colonizing ability after intravenous (i.v.) administration and slightly increased spontaneous metastatic ability after s.c. inoculation, as compared to parent MmB16 cells.
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PMID:Tumorigenicity and metastatic ability of MmB16 mouse melanoma cell line and its two Aleuria aurantia agglutinin resistant variants. 134 Jan 80


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