Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0178874 (tumor progression)
 40,807 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The CT examination of 36 patients with masses in the thymus (three thymus hyperplasias, 33 thymomas) were evaluated retrospectively. Three tumours in atypical positions posed problems in differential diagnosis from bronchial carcinomas and two cases with extensive pleural metastases had to be differentiated from pleural mesotheliomas. There were no certain morphological features on CT which indicated whether the mass was malignant. Eleven patients with thymomas had metastases; in seven of these they were extra-thoracic, with preference for supraclavicular lymph nodes, adrenals and the axial skeleton. Tumour progression and distant metastases were found particularly in malignant thymomas of the epithelial type. Calcification in a thymoma tends to indicate that it is malignant.
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PMID:[Computed tomographic findings in 36 patients with space-occupying lesions of the thymus]. 284 74

Pituitary PRL is involved in immunoregulation. Also, a PRL-like molecule is secreted by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In this study, we examined tissues of the human immune system to evaluate if the PRL gene is expressed and to determine the location and type of cells involved in its synthesis. To evaluate the expression of PRL messenger RNA (mRNA) in normal and abnormal human lymphoid tissues, we used RT-PCR to generate a specific 276-bp product from normal human thymus, spleen, tonsil, lymph node, and lymphoid tumors. Restriction enzyme digestion confirmed that this PCR product was expressed PRL. Furthermore, we developed a specific and sensitive nonisotopic in situ hybridization technique for PRL mRNA, and cells containing PRL mRNA were found in each tissue of the human immune system. Also, PRL mRNA was widely distributed throughout neoplastic tissue from a thymoma and lymphomas where mitogenic and anti-apoptotic properties of PRL could be involved in tumor progression. PRL mRNA was localized in lymphocytes, epithelial cells, and vascular endothelial cells. The presence of PRL mRNA in vascular endothelium cells suggests other roles for PRL in these tissues in addition to immunomodulation. In conclusion, the presence of PRL mRNA in human lymphoid tissue implies that locally synthesized PRL may play a critical role in immunocompetence by providing an important regulatory signal to the microenvironment of human lymphoid organs.
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PMID:Expression and localization of prolactin messenger ribonucleic acid in the human immune system. 853 34

Invasive thymoma recently has been shown to be sensitive to combination chemotherapy and in some cases to be relatively indolent. Two cases of extensive thymoma which responded to primary treatment with a combination of a platinum compound (carboplatin or cisplatin), doxorubicin (Adriamycin), and cyclophosphamide (or PAC) are described. Tumor progression occurred 14 (case 1) and 60 months (case 2) after completion of initial PAC therapy and was treated with the same regimen resulting in a second remission, which lasted 6 months in case 1 and is continuing at 8 months in case 2. Similar reports of secondary responses using the same chemotherapy have been described in breast, lung, and ovarian cancers, as well as in Hodgkin's lymphomas. Our observations suggest that retreatment with the same platinum-based regimen should be considered in patients who have progressive thymomas following a previous chemotherapeutic response and a disease-free interval of greater than 12 months.
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PMID:Retreatment of recurrent invasive thymoma with platinum, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide. 926 13

Many types of tumor cells overexpress transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), which is believed to promote tumor progression. We hypothesized that overexpression of the extracellular region of the type II TGF-beta receptor (soluble TbetaRII) would compete for or block TGF-beta binding to TbetaRs on immune cells, preventing TGF-beta-mediated immunosuppression and consequently resulting in the eradication of tumor cells. We tested this in the mouse thymoma cell line EL4, which has been reported to suppress cellular immunity by secreting a large amount of TGF-beta. Transduction of EL4 with recombinant retrovirus encoding soluble TbetaRII resulted in the secretion of heterogeneously glycosylated, 25 to 35 kDa truncated TbetaRII. Inoculation of 1 x 10(4) to 5 x 10(4) soluble TbetaRII-modified EL4 cells (EL4/Ts, EL4 cells transduced with recombinant retrovirus encoding soluble TbetaRII and neomycin resistance gene) s.c. to mice showed reduced tumorigenicity, as indicated by lower overall tumor incidence (7%, 1 of 14; P < 0.001) compared with unmodified EL4 (100%, 9 of 9) or vector-modified EL4 cells (EL4/neo, EL4 cells transduced with recombinant retrovirus encoding neomycin resistance gene; 100%, 4 of 4). Administration of mitomycin C-treated EL4/Ts cells (1 x 10(6)) after EL4 inoculation (1 x 10(4)) reduced tumor incidence from 100% (5 of 5 in mice inoculated with mitomycin C-treated EL4/neo) to 40% (4 of 10, P < 0.05), indicating that supply of soluble TbetaRII could actually block TGF-beta-mediated tumorigenesis. In vitro tumor cytotoxicity assays revealed 3-5-fold higher cytotoxic activity with lymphocytes from EL4/Ts-bearing mice compared with those from EL4- or EL4/neo-bearing mice, indicating that the observed tumor rejection was mediated by restoration of the tumor-specific cellular immunity. These data suggest that expression of soluble TbetaRII is an effective strategy for treating highly progressive tumors secreting TGF-beta.
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PMID:Tumorigenicity of mouse thymoma is suppressed by soluble type II transforming growth factor beta receptor therapy. 1009 59

Thymoma is the most common tumor of the anterior-superior mediastinum. We have identified a line of transgenic mice which spontaneously and heritably develop thymomas at a very high penetrance. The available data suggest that thymoma formation in these mice results as a consequence of transgene insertional mutagenesis. Immune histologic analyses indicate that the thymomas are of epithelial cell origin. Survival studies indicate that tumor progression is more aggressive in females as compared to males (73.9 vs 41.7% mortality at 20 weeks of age, respectively). Fluorescent in situ hybridizations have localized the transgene integration site to the F2-G region of mouse chromosome 2. Translocation encompassing the syntenic region in humans has been implicated in lympho-epithelial thymoma. These animals may constitute a useful resource for the identification of gene(s) which participate in thymoma progression, as well as a model system for screening anti-thymoma therapeutic agents.
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PMID:Heritable lympho-epithelial thymoma resulting from a transgene insertional mutation. 1064 77

We assessed the autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR/gp78) expression in thymoma. AMFR/gp78 antigen was identified in tumor cells in 16 out of 51 (31.4%) thymomas. The AMFR/gp78 expression was closely associated with the stage (I/II vs. III/IV, p<0.0001), pathological subtypes (epithelial vs. other types, p=0.0214), and enhanced expression of alpha-smooth-muscle actin within stroma (p<0. 0001). The outcome of the patients with AMFR/gp78 expression was significantly worse than for those without it (p<0.01). All initial tumors with recurrence expressed AMFR/gp78. The AMFR/gp78 appears to be involved in tumor progression in thymoma.
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PMID:Autocrine motility factor receptor expression associates with tumor progression in thymoma. 1089 33

Thymoma is one of the most common solid tumors in the mediastinum. The recent development of high-density oligonucleotide arrays provides a unique opportunity to generate gene expression profiles of cells from various stages of tumor progression as it occurs in actual neoplastic tissues. We used oligonucleotide arrays to monitor in vivo gene expression levels in early- (stage I or II) and late- (stage IVa) stage thymoma tissues in 36 patients. These in vivo gene expression profiles were verified by real-time quantitative RT-PCR using LightCycler. Using both methods, 2 candidate genes were identified that were more highly expressed in advanced-stage thymomas. One was a well-known gene, c-JUN, and another was an unknown gene, AL050002. AL050002 expression, but not c-JUN expression, was also correlated with the WHO classification (type B3 vs. type B1, B2 or AB). The combined use of oligonucleotide microarray and real-time RT-PCR analyses provides a powerful new approach to elucidate the in vivo molecular events correlated with tumor stage of thymoma.
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PMID:Gene expression analysis of human thymoma correlates with tumor stage. 1220 58

Thymomas are thymic epithelial tumors. Because most of them are rich in nonneoplastic T-cells, recurrent genetic aberrations have been reported only in the rare, lymphocyte-poor WHO types A, B3, and C. We have now investigated virtually the whole spectrum of thymomas, including the commoner types AB and B2, microdissecting or culturing neoplastic cells from these lymphocyte-rich thymomas and applying 41 microsatellite markers covering 17 loci on 10 chromosomes. In 28 cases, comparative genomic hybridization data were available. Apart from type A, there was striking heterogeneity between thymomas. Allelic imbalances were seen in 87.3% of the 55 cases, and MSI in 9.9%. Losses of heterozygosity (LOHs) were much the commonest aberration. Overall, they were most prevalent at four regions on chromosome 6. Aberrations elsewhere, affecting mainly 8p11.21 and 7p15.3, suggested a cortical footprint because they recurred only in the thymopoietically active type AB and B thymomas. LOHs were also seen at the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) locus (5q21-22) in subsets of these thymomas, whereas combined LOHs at the APC, retinoblastoma (13q14.3), and p53 (17p13.1) loci were confined to a subset of B3 thymomas that had possibly evolved from APC-hemizygous B2 thymomas by tumor progression; indeed, thymomas combing B2 plus B3 features are common. Notably, some AB and B thymomas shared LOHs despite their nonoverlapping morphology and different clinical behavior. Finally, allelic imbalances at 8p11.21 and 16q22.1 (CDH1) were significantly more frequent in stage IV metastatic thymomas. We conclude that the WHO-defined histological thymoma types generally segregate with characteristic genetic features, type A thymomas being the most homogeneous. Many findings support the view that B2 and B3 thymomas form a continuum, with evidence of tumor progression. However, other findings imply that types A and AB are biologically distinct from the others, any potential invasiveness being severely restricted by a medullary commitment in the precursor cell undergoing neoplastic transformation.
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PMID:Correlating genetic aberrations with World Health Organization-defined histology and stage across the spectrum of thymomas. 1283 63

Cten is a recently isolated gene which has homology with tensin, suggesting that it is a focal adhesion molecule. Tensin family proteins play an important role in cell motility. We attempted to determine the influence of cten expression on clinicopathological features in patients with thymoma who had undergone surgery. Expression of cten messenger RNA was evaluated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in 45 thymoma samples using a LightCycler. There was no relationship between cten/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA expression and age, gender or pathological subtypes. However, cten/GAPDH expression was significantly higher in stage IV thymoma (5.463 +/- 7.730) when compared to stage I thymoma (0.905 +/- 0.811; p = 0.0187). Cten/GAPDH mRNA expression was correlated with evidence of tumor progression in thymoma. Consequently, cell motility or migration might play a role in progression of thymoma.
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PMID:Cten mRNA expression is correlated with tumor progression in thymoma. 1500 39

Although there has been considerable advancement in treatment techniques but still there are some illnesses that continue to exhibit a rather poor curability, such as thymoma. This report highlights the benefit of octreotide and prednisolone therapy in a 15-year-old girl, who was diagnosed with inoperable thymus carcinoma, with chemotherapy and radiotherapy being the last resort. The detection of type 2 somatostatin receptors on the surface of the tumor justified the introduction of treatment with somatostatin analog and prednisolone. Fortunately, after 6 months of this treatment, the tumor showed partial regression. However, 2 months later, somatostatin receptor negative metastases appeared; therefore, a switch over to imatinib became essential, because the tumor was CD-117 positive. Despite the therapy change, the patient's condition deteriorated owing to tumor progression.
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PMID:Advanced pediatric inoperable thymus carcinoma (type C thymoma): case report on a novel therapeutic approach. 1798 97


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