Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0178874 (tumor progression)
 40,807 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The need for validated intermediate end point markers to facilitate lung cancer chemointervention research is compelling. Three major classes of lung markers are relevant for this application. Since lung cancer includes four distinct histologies, markers that map degrees of histologic differentiation are important. Many of the markers for squamous differentiation overlap with the candidates for application in the study of head and neck cancer. Production of tissue-specific cell products especially for surfactant or CEA is of interest, because the gene structure is known and many differentiation-related polymorphisms exist. This strategy would be useful for adenomatous type tissue. A second type of marker is the broad group of differentiation markers. The carbohydrate or blood group-like antigens comprise a representative example. Carbohydrate structures are expressed in a specific sequence during fetal processes, and this sequence appears to reverse with the development of a cancer. Retrodifferentiation of specific differentiation markers is the basis of a major effort to effect earlier lung cancer detection using sputum immunocytochemistry. The final class includes markers which affect either positive or negative aspects of growth. Candidates in this area include growth factors or their receptors, or genes that regulate growth. If the intermediate end point marker reflects tumor biology and that biology is in the causal path of tumor progression, serial observation of that parameter should indicate the success of the intervention. In all three of these examples, the clinical material to be analyzed could be sputum specimens, bronchial biopsies or resected lung tissue. Systematic analysis of these markers in context of intervention trials is required to validate their utility.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Candidate biomarkers for application as intermediate end points of lung carcinogenesis. 146 99

The significance of the tumor markers CEA and CA 15-3 for the oncological follow-up of breast cancer was examined in a retrospective analysis of 274 patients. Only 45% of 225 patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer showed in a period of 3 years normal values for both markers. 123 patients with increased markers in the same period were without evidence of tumor progression. Neither marker is suitable for the diagnosis of a local recurrence. In 32 cases of distant metastasis CA 15-3 is more sensitive than CEA (88%/63%), with an increase of 3% in sensitivity when analysing both markers simultaneously. The cut off level of CA 15-3 is problematic, 25 U/ml or 40 U/ml can be used as a threshold for tumoral activity. The use of tumor markers in the follow-up is not really justified so long as the prognosis or mortality of a patient is not changed by starting therapy early.
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PMID:[Is follow-up of breast cancer with CEA and CA 15-3 justified?]. 152 32

26 patients with unresectable locally recurrent adenocarcinoma of the rectum were treated with a mixed beam schedule. 40 Gy photons were delivered to the whole pelvis followed by a neutron boost of 6.6 or 10 Gy. Neutron therapy was carried out with a 14 MeV d-t generator (KARIN) using an isocentric are technique. Fluctuation in neutron dose rate during irradiation was monitored by a computer which controlled the gantry speed. All patients were followed clinically by CEA monitoring and CT-scans. In 18 patients positron-emission-tomography (PET) was used to verify the therapeutic efficacy. All patients were symptomatic with severe pain prior to therapy. After a mean follow-up interval of 12.8 months (range six to 26 months), the palliative effect in terms of pain relief was excellent in 22 patients in spite of the poor general condition of most patients and the large tumor extension. In four patients, further pain symptoms developed again after six to nine months due to renewed tumor progression. We observed proctitis at late side effects in one, enteritis in two and a fistula in one patient six to ten months after therapy. Changes in tumor glucose metabolism were monitored by serial PET examinations in all patients. The typical pattern observed by PET was a decrease in the F-18-Deoxyglucose (FDG) accumulation, approximately six weeks after onset of therapy.
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PMID:Photon-neutron therapy for recurrent colorectal cancer--follow up and preliminary results. 230 Aug 91

Serum concentrations were determined serially in two groups of patients with colorectal carcinoma: in 123 after curative resection and in 34 with residual cancer. Of the first group, in 98 serum CEA fluctuated within the normal range or with a 2-fold larger amplitude evidencing effective surgery because only 9 had recurrence; in 25 serum CEA rose persistently from a postoperative nadir indicating relapse, mostly liver metastases. Of the 34 patients with relapse, 3 had clinically and 7 CEA-directed second-look laparotomy; although 7 had operation with curative intent, only 3 remained disease-free. In the second group, there were 26 patients after palliative surgery and 8 during nonsurgical treatment. Serum CEA fluctuated within the normal range in 2 patients in remission and in 3 with progressive cancer, and rose in parallel to cancer progression in 29. Thus, serum CEA within or slightly above the normal range was 88% predictive that the patient might be free of disease or in remission; whereas elevated or rising level indicated disease progression. Accordance between serum CEA and clinical status occurred in 145 of 157 (92%) patients.
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PMID:Serial determinations of serum CEA in monitoring management of patients with colorectal carcinoma. 236 57

The serum levels of Carcinoembryonic antigen, CA 19-9 and CA 50 were assessed in 60 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus during the course of the disease. In 53 patients, the effect of preoperative or final treatment on tumor marker levels could be analysed, and the change in tumor marker levels discriminated significantly the patients who showed tumor mass/symptom regress from the patients who displayed progress or undecided change. Progress later in the course of the disease was reflected by a statistically significant increase in all three tumor marker assays, and in 8/18 (44%) patients the tumor marker increase was seen prior to other signs of tumor progression. The appearance of distant metastases was associated (11/12) with increase in CEA levels.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen, CA 19-9 and CA 50 in monitoring human squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. 236 87

Tumor antigens (CEA and AFP) were studied by radioimmunoassay and immunoglobulins A, M and G--after Mancini in blood plasma from 144 cases of colorectal cancer. In most patients, raised levels of CEA, AFP, IgA and IgG were identified. A 5-10-fold increase in CEA and AFP levels matched by a pronounced dysimmunoglobulinemia or IgG deficit (under 10 mg/ml) were prognostically unfavorable. If said shifts persist at days 25-30 after surgery, suspicion of inadequate removal of tumor, its occult dissemination and unfavorable prognosis is justified. Similarly inauspicious are concomitant low antigenic activity in tumor and IgC deficit or a marked dysimmunoglobulinemia. Therefore, a complex assay of tumor-associated antigens (CEA and AFP) and immunoglobulins A, M and G makes a contribution to evaluation of surgery, course of tumor progression and its prognosis.
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PMID:[Possibilities of prognosis in cancer of the transverse colon and rectum using CEA, AFP and immunoglobulins A, M and G]. 243 47

Sialyl Le(X)-i (Sialyl SSEA-1, SLX) is one of the type 2 chain carbohydrate antigens, which is defined by a monoclonal antibody FH-6. The clinical usefulness of the measurement of serum Sialyl LeX-i levels in the follow-up study of outpatient with ovarian cancer was examined for the early detection of recurrence as the serodiagnostic test. Elevated serum Sialy Le(X)-i levels (more than 38 unit/ml) were observed before treatment in 7 of 12 patients with a good prognosis (group A) and in 15 of 26 patients with a poor prognosis (group B). Six (85.7%) in 7 patients with elevated serum Sialyl Le(X)-i levels in group A decreased to the normal range after treatment, whereas 3 (20.0%) in 15 patients with positive serum Sialyl Le(X)-i levels in group B decreased below 38 unit/ml a after treatment. In 9 (34.6%) in group B, elevated serum Sialyl Le(X)-i levels were observed with an average 3.1 weeks before clinical evidence of recurrence. With tumor progression, serum Sialyl Le(X)-i levels also rose in 25 (96.2%) in group B. In 4 (15.4%) in group B, serum Sialyl Le(X)-i levels were a useful tumor marker compared with others including CA 125, TPA, and CEA. Consequently, the measurement of serum Sialyl Le(X)-i levels may be useful to monitor the condition of the disease, presume progression, and detect recurrence early in outpatients with ovarian cancer.
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PMID:[Clinical usefulness of serum sialyl Le(x)-i measurement in patients with ovarian cancer]. 256 10

A mucin-like carcinoma associated antigen (MCA), which is recognized by the monoclonal antibody b-12, was found to be elevated in sera of breast cancer patients. Since an immunohistochemical reaction of the monoclonal antibody b-12 was found in epithelial tumors of the ovary we investigated MCA serum levels in 50 patients with ovarian cancer (mean age 59 years, range 31-81 years). In addition, CA 125, CA 19-9 and CEA were determined to compare sensitivity, specificity and the predictive value of the positive test of each parameter used in this study. Blood samples were obtained in 20 patients with progressive disease and in 30 patients during disease free intervals. The MCA serum levels of patients with progressive ovarian cancer (mean +/- SD: 14.7 +/- 14.6 U/ml) did not differ significantly from those of patients in remission (mean +/- SD: 8.2 +/- 5.3 U/ml) or from values of a healthy control group (mean +/- SD: 7.7 +/- 3.8 U/ml, n = 70). Women with progressive disease displayed significantly higher CA 125 (p less than 0.0001) and CEA (p less than 0.0063) serum levels than patients in remission. No significant difference was found for CA 19-9 in patients with ovarian cancer, irrespective of the clinical status. Considering marker surge and tumor progression, the highest sensitivity was found for CA 125 (75%). Sensitivities of the other markers were significantly lower and reached only 25-35%. The predictive value of elevated marker levels as well as specificity of the marker substances were similar. Sensitivity could be extended to 90% if elevation of CA 125, CA 19-9, CEA and MCA were taken into consideration, however specificity was lowered by using this marker combination.
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PMID:A comparative study of mucin-like carcinoma-associated antigen (MCA), CA 125, CA 19-9 and CEA in patients with ovarian cancer. 277 Sep 33

To evaluate coagulable state, beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) levels have been followed sequentially in 70 postoperative patients with lung cancer. Nineteen out of them were treated with warfarin plus ticlopidine at a dosage enough to prolong the thrombo-test time to approximately 20% of normal value. There was a significant rise in beta-TG compared with control subjects and beta-TG was correlated with stages of disease. Serial beta-TG determinations revealed that beta-TG and CEA levels fairly paralleled with each other which suggested beta-TG might be useful in following tumor progression or response to therapy in postoperative period. As to the relation between beta-TG levels and five-year survivals, patients whose beta-TG were under 50 ng/ml showed more favorable prognoses than those who had higher levels. Long term anticoagulation with warfarin plus ticlopidine reduced the beta-TG levels of 19 stage 3 or 4 patients, especially in stage 4 the rate of reduction was marked. Nineteen patients with anticoagulant-treated group demonstrated a more prolonged time from beginning of treatment to first evidence of disease progression than 18 non-treated patients. Also anticoagulant-treated group had a more prolonged clinical course than non-treated group after disease progression. These results might be associated with disease stabilization which achieved with anticoagulant therapy. Survival at 30 months after initiation of treatment was 74% in the treated group and 64% in the nontreated group. Although there was no statistical difference in two groups, survival of treated group exceeded that of the non-treated group throughout the observation period. In stage 4 patients, however, the difference between two groups was statistically significant.
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PMID:[Abnormalities of blood coagulation and effect of anticoagulant therapy in postoperative patients with lung cancer]. 294 57

The significance of the tumor markers CA 15-3 and CEA for the oncological follow-up of breast cancer was examined in a retrospective analysis of 108 patients in whom, before and after hospitalization, it was possible to locate a local recurrence, a contralateral breast carcinoma, or a distant metastasis. Overall, examination of the group of patients showed that CA 15-3 was significantly more sensitive than CEA (57%/38%), with an increase of only 3% in sensitivity when investigating both markers simultaneously. Neither marker is suitable for the diagnosis of a relapse in the same region or a contralateral breast carcinoma, as pathologic values are only to be observed in one-third or, respectively, one-quarter of all cases. In cases of distant metastasis, CA 15-3 is significantly superior to CEA (osseous: 62%/41%; visceral: 73%/34%). Only where there is combined osseous/visceral metastatic spread is no significant difference manifested (87%/74%). In 15 out of 17 patients with an apparently relapse-free course both during and after hospitalization, the CA 15-3 value was normal where the CEA value was pathologic. Tumor progression would thus seem improbable where there is a pathologic CEA value in conjunction with a normal CA 15-3 value. In follow-up of breast cancer, simultaneously assay of both "nonredundant" tumor markers, which represent a useful spectrum for tumor control, is to be recommended.
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PMID:[CA 15-3 and CEA as tumor markers in the diagnosis of the recurrence of breast cancer]. 316 77


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