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Query: UMLS:C0162871 (abdominal aortic aneurysm)
 8,664 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Imaging cellular and molecular processes associated with aneurysm expansion, dissection, and rupture can potentially transform the management of patients with thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Here, we review recent advances in molecular imaging of aortic aneurysm, focusing on imaging modalities with the greatest potential for clinical translation and application, PET, SPECT, and MRI. Inflammation (e.g., with (18)F-FDG, nanoparticles) and matrix remodeling (e.g., with matrix metalloproteinase-targeted tracers) are highlighted as promising targets for molecular imaging of aneurysm. Potential alternative or complementary approaches to molecular imaging for aneurysm risk stratification are briefly discussed.
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PMID:Emergence of molecular imaging of aortic aneurysm: implications for risk stratification and management. 2438 Nov 15

Computational fluid dynamics modeling was used to investigate changes in blood transport topology between rest and exercise conditions in five patient-specific abdominal aortic aneurysm models. MRI was used to provide the vascular anatomy and necessary boundary conditions for simulating blood velocity and pressure fields inside each model. Finite-time Lyapunov exponent fields and associated Lagrangian coherent structures were computed from blood velocity data and were used to compare features of the transport topology between rest and exercise both mechanistically and qualitatively. A mix-norm and mix-variance measure based on fresh blood distribution throughout the aneurysm over time were implemented to quantitatively compare mixing between rest and exercise. Exercise conditions resulted in higher and more uniform mixing and reduced the overall residence time in all aneurysms. Separated regions of recirculating flow were commonly observed in rest, and these regions were either reduced or removed by attached and unidirectional flow during exercise, or replaced with regional chaotic and transiently turbulent mixing, or persisted and even extended during exercise. The main factor that dictated the change in flow topology from rest to exercise was the behavior of the jet of blood penetrating into the aneurysm during systole.
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PMID:Effect of exercise on patient specific abdominal aortic aneurysm flow topology and mixing. 2449 4

Back pain and radiating pain to the legs are the most common symptoms encountered in routine neurosurgical practice and usually originates from neurogenic causes including spinal stenosis. The clinial symptoms are often confused with symptoms of peripheral neuropathy, musculo-skeletal disease and vascular disease in elderly patients. Because it is not easy to distinguish out the cause of symptoms by only physical examination, routine spinal MRI is checked first to rule out the spinal diseases in most outpatient clinics. Although it is obvious that spinal MRI is a very strong tool to investigate the spinal circumferences, most spine surgeons ignore the importance of looking at all aspects of their imaging and of remembering the extra-spinal causes of radiculopathy. A 68-year-old man who presented with a sudden aggravated both leg claudication. Although his symptom was mimicked for his long standing neurogenic claudication due to spinal stenosis diagnosed previously, abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA) was found on routine lumbar MRI and it was repaired successfully. We emphasize to spinal surgeons the importance of remembering to look wider on routine MRI images when considering differential diagnoses in the outpatient clinic and to remember the extra-spinal causes of radiculopathy, especially when encountering in elderly patients.
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PMID:Abdominal aortic aneurysm presenting as a claudication. 2489 62

Rupture of an aneurysm is a rare complication although it is considered a common cause of death. Some of these patients present with the classic triad of symptoms such as abdominal pain, pulsatile abdominal mass and shock. Most symptoms are misleading and will only present as vague abdominal pain. Here we describe one such patient with an unusual presentation of a misleading abdominal mass which was eventually diagnosed as a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm after an emergency MRI.
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PMID:Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm diagnosed through non-contrast MRI. 2500 65

The prediction of the risk of rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a complex problem. Currently the criteria to predict rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms are aneurysm diameter and growth rates. It is generally believed that study of the wall strain distribution could be helpful to find a better decision criterion for surgery of aortic aneurysms before their rupture. The wall strain distribution depends on many biological and biomechanical factors such as elastic properties of the aorta, turbulent blood flow, anatomy of the aorta, presence of thrombus or not and so on. Recently, numerical simulations to estimate rupture-potential have received many attentions. However, none of the medical imaging tools for screening and monitoring of AAAs were studied in terms of mechanical behavior and experimentally to demonstrate their capability to measure relevant variables. The aim of this study was to develop a metrological approach for deployment testing of the ability of techniques for measuring local in-vitro deformations based on comparison of stereovision and MRI. In this paper, we present the implementation approach and results of the study based on cylindrical phantoms with or without AAA representing, respectively, healthy and unhealthy artery. Through this study, an experimental device was developed for the behavior study of AAA during a cardiac cycle. The results show that the stereovision techniques used in laboratory is well suited and is qualitatively and quantitatively equivalent with MRI measurements.
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PMID:Comparison of the strain field of abdominal aortic aneurysm measured by magnetic resonance imaging and stereovision: a feasibility study for prediction of the risk of rupture of aortic abdominal aneurysm. 2566 21

A 63-year-old Caucasian male presented with a 4-month history of low back pain associated with bilateral intermittent claudication. A contrast enhanced CT scan demonstrated a 4 cm abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), along with severe bilateral aorto-iliac disease, a right psoas collection, and extensive vertebral erosion. An MRI of the lumbar spine suggested spondylodiscitis at L4-L5. After an unsuccessful and prolonged course of antibiotics, a decision was ultimately made to repair the aneurysm and bypass the aorto-iliac disease. Intra-operatively, a chronic contained rupture (CCR) involving the posterior aortic wall was encountered and repaired with an aorto-bifemoral bypass graft.
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PMID:Chronic Contained Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupture Mimicking Vertebral Spondylodiscitis: A Case Report. 2613 Oct 33

A 66-year-old man was transferred to our hospital on November 2010 owing to a diagnosis of miliary tuberculosis. Treatment was initially started with INH, RFP, PZA, and EB. However, PZA and EB were discontinued because of their adverse effects. Subsequently, chest radiographic and laboratory findings gradually improved. However, the patient experienced lumbago, which exacerbated towards the end of March 2011. An abdominal CT scan showed an abdominal mass at the L3-L5 level between the abdominal aorta and lumbar vertebra. On the basis of the findings of abdominal ultrasonography, MRI, and PET-CT, infectious abdominal aortic aneurysm was highly suspected. Therefore, vascular graft replacement surgery was performed at the beginning of May 2011. The result of histopathological analysis showed the presence of acid-fast bacteria in the aneurysm and the lymph nodes around it, revealing that the aneurysm was due to systemic miliary tuberculosis. After the surgery, the patient was administered LVFX in addition to INH and RFP for 18 months and showed no recurrence.
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PMID:[A TUBERCULOUS PSEUDO-ANEURYSM OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA COMPLICATED BY MILIARY TUBERCULOSIS]. 2648 49

A 75-year-old man with abdominal aortic aneurysm underwent Y-graft replacement under combination of general anesthesia and epidural anesthesia. Although we inserted an epidural catheter at first attempt from T11-12, nurse cut the epidural catheter accidently. We re-inserted from the same place. Postoperatively, we found hemopneumothorax in the chest Xp. The patient was transferred to ICU and mechanical ventilation was continued. The next day, he showed motor disturbance of both legs after waking up from sedation. The surgeon pulled out the epidural catheter. At that time, APTT was 41.5 sec, PT-INR was 1.32, PLT was 80,000. After one hour, he could move leg but had numbness of the left leg. MRI revealed epidural hematoma from T8 to T10. Although the cause of epidural hematoma remains unclear, we should have proposed to check anticoagulant data when catheter was pulled out from epidural space.
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PMID:[A Case of Epidural Hematoma after Removal of Epidural Catheter in a Patient with Coagulation Disorder]. 2674 11

A 27-year-old male with a positive family history of abdominal aortic aneurysm presented to his primary care physician and ultimately to the emergency department with the worst headache of his life and hypertension. An aneurysm of the right internal carotid artery was noted on CT and MRI. Upon further imaging and analysis, multiple vascular abnormalities were found, including possible dissection or pseudoaneurysm and multifocal narrowing and dilatation of the arteries of the head and neck. The patient underwent genetic testing revealing Ehlers-Danlos, type IV.
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PMID:Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Presenting as Severe Headache in a Young Adult. 2730 22

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a permanent and irreversible dilation of the lower region of the aorta. It is a symptomless condition that, if left untreated, can expand until rupture. Despite ongoing efforts, an efficient tool for accurate estimation of AAA rupture risk is still not available. Furthermore, a lack of standardisation across current approaches and specific obstacles within computational workflows limit the translation of existing methods to the clinic. This paper presents BioPARR (Biomechanics based Prediction of Aneurysm Rupture Risk), a software system to facilitate the analysis of AAA using a finite element analysis based approach. Except semi-automatic segmentation of the AAA and intraluminal thrombus (ILT) from medical images, the entire analysis is performed automatically. The system is modular and easily expandable, allows the extraction of information from images of different modalities (e.g. CT and MRI) and the simulation of different modelling scenarios (e.g. with/without thrombus). The software uses contemporary methods that eliminate the need for patient-specific material properties, overcoming perhaps the key limitation to all previous patient-specific analysis methods. The software system is robust, free, and will allow researchers to perform comparative evaluation of AAA using a standardised approach. We report preliminary data from 48 cases.
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PMID:BioPARR: A software system for estimating the rupture potential index for abdominal aortic aneurysms. 2868 81


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