Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0162871 (abdominal aortic aneurysm)
 8,664 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this study, we tested a new artificial liver device using liver pieces in 8-h hemoperfusion of comatous porcine blood and compared two alternative tissue preparations. Acute hepatic coma in the pigs was induced by complete devascularization of the liver. The animals were killed in stage IV coma (15-25 h after the operation), and 1 l blood was perfused over 200 g fresh or DMSO-preserved liver cubes. After the devascularization GOT, GPT, GLDH, AP, LDH, SDH, bilirubin, free fatty acid, and bile acid levels in serum increased progressively. Ammonia concentrations underwent a rapid increase in the first 9 h of coma development from 126.0 +/- 9.9 to 321.9 +/- 62.2 mumol/l. Most of the amino acids in serum were elevated and molar ratio of BCAA/AAA declined from 3.87 +/- 0.79 to 0.92 +/- 0.24. In the course of hemoperfusion ammonia was removed from the perfusate to 71% of the initial values using fresh and to 39% using preserved tissue. Correspondingly, there was an increase in urea concentrations. Amino acid metabolism was ameliorated during the perfusion; Fischer's quotient increased from 0.91 +/- 0.15 to 1.38 +/- 0.14 (fresh liver) and from 0.89 +/- 0.14 to 2.11 +/- 0.44 (preserved liver); neuroexcitatory amino acids Asp and Glu were markedly elevated. Energy charge of the liver cells increased and reached levels exceeding 0.5 in both experimental groups, a balanced energy metabolism was maintained and suggests active metabolization by the liver pieces. In comparison with fresh tissue, preserved liver cubes proved effective. We consider our artificial liver device capable of temporary hepatic support in acute necrosis of the liver and suppose that its efficiency can be potentiated by combining this system with other procedures.
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PMID:Successful treatment of hepatic coma by a new artificial liver device in the pig. 408 14

We investigated the possibilities of liberation of toxic coma potentiating substances from the damaged hepatic tissues during the hemoperfusion over small liver pieces. Concentrations of nearly all amino acids rose during the perfusion due to the damage of hepatic tissues, but the molar ratio of BCAA to AAA was not changed. Free fatty acid levels in the perfusates increased slightly, however, methylmercaptan level remained constant. These results suggest that liberated substances from the damaged liver would not potentiate hepatic encephalopathy. Therefore, hemoperfusion over small liver pieces should be an useful method for hepatic assist because of excellent detoxification effects.
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PMID:Amino acid metabolism during hemoperfusion over biological materials. 633 66

Plasma amino acid, plasma pancreatic glucagon and serum insulin levels were simultaneously measured in cirrhotic patients with (drinkers) and without a history of alcohol drinking (non-drinkers), as compared to those in alcoholics without liver disease. Clinical characteristics in drinkers and non-drinkers, such as the extent of liver dysfunction, which may affect plasma amino acid levels, were strictly matched. Plasma pancreatic glucagon levels in the drinker group were much higher than those in the non-drinker group. In the former group, the elevated plasma pancreatic glucagon levels were correlated (p less than 0.05) to total amino acid levels (the sum of 20 kinds of L-amino acid concentrations) and, elevated AAA concentrations leading to a diminished BCAA/AAA ratio. Drinkers with histories of hepatic encephalopathy presented grossly elevated glucagon levels and severely abnormal aminograms similar to those observed in hepatic insufficiency.
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PMID:Characteristic features of plasma amino acid, plasma pancreatic glucagon, serum insulin concentrations in cirrhotic patients with histories of chronic alcohol consumption. 637 63

In a controlled cross-over trial, we have compared a conventional 40-g protein diet (30 g animal and 10 g vegetable, diet A) with an 80-g vegetable-protein-supplemented diet (30 g animal and 50 g vegetable, diet B) in the treatment of six patients with chronic stable portal systemic encephalopathy, requiring dietary and lactulose therapy. Each diet was given, in random order, for 5 days in hospital. EEG, clinical indices of encephalopathy, and the plasma amino acid profile were assessed at the end of each treatment period. The increase in vegetable protein intake was associated with minor improvement in EEG and clinical performance in two patients, and no change in the others. Fasting plasma phenylalanine and tyrosine were higher on diet B [phenylalanine 108.6 +/- 9.3 (SEM) mumol/L versus 99.6 +/- 8.37, p less than 0.05 (paired t test); tyrosine 153 +/- 15.2 mumol/L versus 140 +/- 14, p less than 0.05). The plasma branched-chain amino acid levels did not change, and the branched chain/aromatic amino acid ratio (BCAA/AAA) was lower on diet B (p less than 0.02). Fecal weights were not significantly altered. These results indicate that patients with chronic portal systemic encephalopathy are tolerant of protein supplementation from vegetable sources. A minor improvement in parameters of encephalopathy was seen in some individuals, despite a lowering of BCAA/AAA which some investigators have thought important in the pathogenesis of encephalopathy.
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PMID:Dietary protein supplementation from vegetable sources in the management of chronic portal systemic encephalopathy. 639 Nov 54

Using the galactosamine induced hepatic coma rat model, we studied the effects of coated charcoal hemoperfusion on amino acids in plasma and CSF in grade III hepatic coma. We found that 1 hour of hemoperfusion significantly reduced AAAs and BCAAs in plasma and increased the molar ratio of BCAA:AAA. When rats in grade III coma were treated with 2 consecutive 1-hour hemoperfusions, the substantial reduction of plasma AAAs resulted in a significant decrease of AAA levels in CSF.
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PMID:Effect of charcoal hemoperfusion on amino acid disturbance in experimental hepatic coma. 649 Jan 92

The aims of this study were: 1. the assessment of the nitrogen balance (NB) in both compensated and encephalopathic cirrhotics, 2. the evaluation of the efficacy of a new therapeutic approach: amino acid solutions enriched with branched chain (BCAA) but poor in aromatic (AAA) amino acids. Solutions containing only BCAA were also employed: 42 cirrhotics were divided into the following groups: 1st group (26 cases), cirrhosis without hepatic encephalopathy (HE); 2nd group (16 cases), cirrhosis with HE. Six patients (23%) in the 1st group showed a positive NB at the beginning; 20 (77%) were negative; 18 of them were fed an oral diet (0.8 g protein/kg/day; 35 cal/kg/day) as a result of which they were brought into a positive NB within 5 days (from - 7.38 +/- 0.95 to + 3.67 +/- 0.46 g N/24 h). In two cases the diet failed to give a positive NB, so it was replaced by a BCAA enriched solution infusion (NB raised from - 1.0 +/- 5.4 g N/24 h). Patients in the 2nd group were put on total parenteral nutrition (TPN); two cases receiving glucose alone achieved a positive NB only when BCAA enriched solutions were added (from - 4.0 to + 3.0 g N/24 h). Four patients treated for 3 days with BCAA alone did not achieve a positive NB; in these cases likewise, BCAA enriched solutions were added in order to achieve a positive NB (from - 0.8 to + 4.2 g N/24 h); all 14 cases treated from the beginning with glucose + BCAA enriched solutions became positive, on average, within 5 days (from - 4.82 +/- 0.89 to + 3.15 +/- 0.61 g N/24 h). In addition to the NB, other parameters (blood ammonia, BCAA/AAA ratio, blood urea, electroencephalograms) and clinical symptoms were beneficially influenced by these solutions.
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PMID:Negative nitrogen balance in cirrhotics. (A correct therapeutic approach). 729 72

Our findings indicate that serum amino acid changes after OLT are complex and influenced by multiple factors including sepsis and use of parenteral hyperalimentation with exogenous amino acids. Additional factors which may influence the rate of normalization of amino acids after OLT include the presence of malnutrition (frequently observed before OLT) and the extent of pretransplant portal-systemic shunting. Our results demonstrate that the presence of septic complications and the use of CPN are important determinants of the postoperative levels of several amino acids, including the BCAA/AAA ratio. Our logistic regression model using the BCAA/AAA ratio predicted the occurrence of sepsis after OLT 77% of the time. Prospective assessment and validation of this model is under way.
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PMID:Serum amino acids following human orthotopic liver transplantation. 847 Jan 62

To test the overtraining-related "imbalanced amino acid hypothesis" (19), the influence of an unaccustomed average 103 %.4 wk-1 increase in training mileage (ITV) on performance and on serum levels of individual amino acids (AAs) was examined in distance runners and controlled by an unaccustomed average 152%.4 wk-1 increase in tempo-pace and interval runs (ITI). Two mmol.l-1 lactate performance (2 LP) increased, 4 LP stagnated and total running distance (TD) decreased in the incremental test during ITV--which may indicate an ITV-dependent overtraining--in contrast to an ITI-related increase in 2 LP, 4 LP and TD. The summed serum AAs decreased in ITV (2744 +/- 534 vs 2933 +/- 663 umol.l-1; p < 0.05) in contrast to an ITI-related increase (3541 +/- 657 vs 3252 +/- 885 umol.l-1; p < 0.05) with an average 29% higher final summed AAs concentration during ITI (p < 0.05). During ITV 12 individual AAs decreased by 6-17%, 8 remained constant and 3 increased (Cys, Met, fTrp) by 6-19%, as opposed to an ITI-related increase in 16 AA by 6-55%. The observed ITV-related changes in serum AAs profile were smaller than after completing contests as a marathon, a 100 km-run or an ultra-triathlon. It may be concluded that the observed small changes in AAs profile or AAA/BCAA and AA/LNAA ratios only represent an epiphenomenon without recognizable influence on incremental test performance, since increases in fTrp/LNAA ratios (+28% in ITV vs +45% in ITI) were found to be related both to performance impairment (ITV) and improvement (ITI).
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PMID:Unaccustomed high-mileage vs intensity training-related changes in performance and serum amino acid levels. 873 72

Nutritional assessment was conducted in 30 patients with chronic, intractable pulmonary tuberculosis. More prevalent and severer protein-energy malnutrition was found in the chronic patients compared with that in newly-diagnosed, drug-sensitive tuberculous bacilli-excreting patients. Duration of excreting bacilli in 163 newly-diagnosed patients was found to be significantly associated with ChE, hypersensitivity reaction to PPD, lymphocytes transformation response to ConA before treatment. The grade of malnutrition was significantly associated with the reduction in delayed-type hypersensitivity response, ratio of CD4/CD8, IL-2 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and NK cell activity. Nutritional and immunological spectrum, which was classified with the combination of serum albumin level, hypersensitivity response to DNCB and NK cell activity, was significantly associated with clinical course and manifestations in patients with chronic, intractable pulmonary tuberculosis. TNF-alpha production by peripheral blood monocytes was significantly higher in moderately to mildly-malnourished tuberculous patients than that in healthy controls. TNF-alpha production in patients with severely-malnourished patients was significantly lower than that in healthy controls. Level in TNF-alpha production was inversely related with visceral proteins and the ratio of plasma amino acid BCAA/AAA. In conclusion these findings suggested that nutritional support should be taken in consideration in combination with conventional chemotherapy in treating chronic, intractable pulmonary tuberculosis.
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PMID:[Nutritional status and support in chronic intractable pulmonary tuberculosis]. 880 70

Weight loss is common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Comprehensive nutritional assessment was conducted in two large groups of patients with COPD who were enrolled in the Respiratory Failure Research Program sponsored by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Kinki COPD Research Group. The incidences of mild malnutrition (%IBW < 90%) were 74% and 62%, respectively. The incidences of hypoalbuminemia were low: 10.0% and 6.5%, respectively. The incidence of imbalance in plasma amino acids, which was defined as an abnormally low BCAA/AAA ratio, was as high as 93% in patients with COPD and chronic respiratory failure. The %IBW was significantly related to the FEV1 and to the DLco/VA. The moderately-malnourished subpopulation was characterized by a greater degree of hyperinflation and hypercapnea: the measured resting energy expenditure (REE) was significantly higher than the values in age-matched healthy controls. REE/REEpred was significantly and inversely related to BCAA/AAA and to Pimax. REE was inversely related to FEV1%. REE in the subgroup with severe hyperinflation was significantly higher than REE in those with milder hyperinflation. Among patients with an FEV1% of less than 50%, mortality tended to be higher in those with lower body weight, and this relationship was stronger in patients with an FEV1% of more than 50%. When patients were given a BCAA-enriched enteral formula in addition to their usual diet for 3 months, there was a significant increase in body weight, transferrin level, and Pimax.
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PMID:[Clinical benefit of nutritional assessment and support in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. 921 90


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