Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0162871 (abdominal aortic aneurysm)
 8,664 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The goal of this study was to evaluate the presence of extrahepatic damage and the uniformity and reversibility of the histological findings in CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis in the rat. To verify these findings rats were sacrificed 2 and 10 weeks after a treatment consisting of ten intragastric doses of CCl4, administered weekly. All treated rats developed an irreversible micronodular cirrhosis with no damage to the brain, kidney and pancreas. Moreover, rats sacrificed 2 weeks after the last CCl4 dose showed a number of functional alterations usually observed in man. In particular, low branched chain/aromatic amino acids (BCAA/AAA) plasma ratio, high ammonia, low zinc and high insulin with normal blood glucose were obtained.
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PMID:Carbon tetrachloride-induced experimental cirrhosis in the rat: a reappraisal of the model. 262 82

The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of various plasma amino acids in 30 burned patients (76.83 +/- 14.4% TBSA, with III. 42.16 +/- 27.95% TBSA) and identify the alterations in plasma profiles characteristic of patients who later developed MSOF (n = 16) versus those who did not developed MSOF (n = 14). The levels of amino acids were analyzed by use of individual amino acid and the ratio of BCAA (Branched-Chain Amino Acid) to AAA (Aromatic Amino Acid) and Phe to Tyr. The results showed that: (1) The patients who developed MSOF later had significantly lower levels of Pro, Gly Arg, Val, Leu, Ile, and BCAA/AAA, and higher values of Phe, Trp, Tyr, and Phe/Tyr than those who did not develop MSOF. (2) The incidence rate of MSOF increased as the ratio of BCAA/AAA decreased. When the ratio lower than 1.5, eight of ten patients developed MSOF. (3) The higher of the values of Phe/Tyr, the more of the incidence of MSOF. When Phe/Tyr was higher than 2.0, six of seven developed MSOF. These data suggested that: (1) Both BCAA/AAA and Phe/Tyr were the indices of prognosis available in severe trauma patients. (2) Alterations in metabolism as reflected in plasma amino acids patterns were thus critical indicators of MSOF. (3) Liver may be the earliest involved and the most severe injured organ in multiple system organ failure.
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PMID:[Multiple system organ failure in postburn: characteristics of plasma amino acid profiles]. 263 Feb 27

Serum amino acid determinations were made in 40 patients with chronic cor pulmonale in the period of 1985-1987 in our hospital. There were slight type 14 cases. severe type 26 cases (including pulmonary encephalopathy 10 cases). In severe type the ratio of branched chain amino acid to aromatic amino acid (BACC/AAA) was significantly lower than normal (P less than 0.01) and there was significant negative correlation between PaCO2 and BCAA/AAA (r = -0.49 P less than 0.05). The plasma amino acid pattern in severe type cor pulmonale is similar to that found in hepatic encephalopathy. The mechanism of coma in cor pulmonale is at least in some degree, similar with that of hepatic encephalopathy.
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PMID:[Plasma amino acid changes in 40 cases of chronic cor pulmonale]. 263 32

A study was conducted to estimate the functional reserve of the liver of patients with severe hepatitis by computed tomography (CT), in particular employing the integrated CT number of the whole liver (ICTN). ICTN was calculated by integrating the product of "area" times "mean CT number" of the liver in each CT slice for the entire height of the liver. The following results were obtained: 1) In patients with fulminant hepatitis (FH) as well as those with subacute hepatitis (SAH), ICTN was found to be significantly lower as compared to that of patients with acute hepatitis (AH) or non-hepatic diseases. In addition, in FH and SAH patients, ICTN showed a larger degree of decrease when compared with such conventional parameters as either estimated liver volume or mean hepatic CT number. Thus, ICTN seems to more sensitively reflect the changes in functional reserve of the liver. 2) ICTN showed significant positive correlations with prothrombin time and plasma BCAA/AAA ratio, and a significant negative correlation with plasma methionine level. 3) Time course of changes in ICTN correlated well with the clinical features of severe hepatitis. In particular, patients with initial ICTN values above 20 l.HU/m2 of body surface area showed significantly higher survival rate than those with initial ICTN below 20. In conclusion, ICTN well indicates the functional reserve of the liver, and is further suggested to be valuable as a parameter to predict the prognosis of patients with severe hepatitis.
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PMID:Determination of the integrated CT number of the whole liver in patients with severe hepatitis: as an indicator of the functional reserve of the liver. 274 45

To clarify the clinical significance of specific plasma amino acid abnormalities occurring in liver disorders with portal-systemic shunting, plasma amino acids and insulin levels were measured in idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH), extrahepatic portal occulusion (EHPO), and liver cirrhosis (LC). Three branched chain amino acids (BCAA: valine + leucine + isoleucine) were decreased in all three diseases in comparison with controls. Since plasma insulin measured during oral glucose tolerance tests did not specifically rise in LC, reduction of BCAA is not merely ascribed to hyperinsulinemia. Either portal-systemic shunting or some extent of liver damage may contribute to a fall in BCAA. Two aromatic amino acids (AAA: phenylalanine + tyrosine), which were within the normal range in EHPO and IPH, showed a marked increase in LC. Thus, changes of AAA probably mainly reflect the severity of the liver disease. The molar ratio of BCAA/AAA (MR) significantly correlated with ICG k, ICG R15, PT and the sum of blood ammonia in an oral ammonia tolerance test which may reflect the degree of hepatic disorder. MR diminished in the following decreasing order: controls, EHPO, IPH and LC.
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PMID:Plasma amino acid abnormalities in liver disease: comparative analysis of idiopathic portal hypertension, extrahepatic portal occlusion and liver cirrhosis. 277 20

Although epidemiological studies have shown that malnutrition is associated with the reactivation and development of pulmonary tuberculosis, little is known about their nutritional status. We studied comprehensive profile of their nutritional status. We also studied the effects of malnutrition on cell-mediated immunity in tuberculosis patients. Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric measurements and biochemical examinations, and cell-mediated immunity was evaluated by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction, lymphocyte transformation and natural killer (NK) activity in 47 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and 47 healthy controls. Cytokine production including IL-2, IL-1 was also examined. Anthropometrics and visceral proteins were significantly lower in tuberculosis patients. Fischer ratio (BCAA/AAA), an index of plasma amino acids imbalance, was significantly (p less than 0.01) lower in the patients. DTH to 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene and lymphocytes transformation were attenuated in the patients. NK activity was reduced in patients with severe pulmonary tuberculosis. The patient subgroup with reduced DTH was more malnourished than another one with normal DTH. The Fischer ratio correlated significantly with lymphocyte transformation response and visceral proteins and BCAA correlated with NK activity. IL-2 production was remarkably reduced in the patient subgroup whose serum albumin was less than 3.5 g/dl. IL-1 production was remarkably reduced in the patient subgroup whose serum albumin was less than 2.5 g/dl. Patient subgroup whose serum albumin level was more than 2.5 g/dl and less than 3.5 g/dl, produced remarkably more IL-1 than those whose serum albumin was more than 3.5 g/dl. These results suggested that malnutrition characterized by the reduction of the Fischer ratio was associated with impairment of cell-mediated immunity and cytokine production in pulmonary tuberculosis.
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PMID:[Relation between malnutrition and cell-mediated immunity in pulmonary tuberculosis]. 281 Oct

Patients with advanced liver disease demonstrate characteristic plasma amino acid abnormalities. The response of plasma amino acid patterns after liver transplantation in those patients is unknown. Mongrel dogs were subjected to two experimental models, that is, one is total hepatectomy under veno-veno bypass as an assumption of an hepatic phase in liver transplantation and the another is splenectomy as control. In control group, BCAA/AAA ratio rose gradually during operation. The levels of methionine, glycine and alanine were significantly lower at 4 hours. In hepatectomized dogs, BCAA/AAA ratio fell gradually after total hepatectomy. The levels of amino acids except BCAA were higher than preoperative value. Increase of alanine was the most remarkable early after total hepatectomy. It was derived not only from the lack of glucose-alanine cycle but also from increased synthesis due to degradation of the BCAA in muscle.
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PMID:[Changes of plasma amino acid profiles following total hepatectomy under veno-veno bypass in dogs]. 329 89

Ninety-five patients with liver cancer and cirrhosis who had undergone hepatic lobectomy or partial hepatectomy were studied. According to nutritional protocol based on experimental results, a large quantity of fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and BCAA-enriched amino acids at 30 kcal/kg/d as an energy source were administered postoperatively for 7-10 days with strict restriction of sodium and total fluid volume. An elemental diet for liver dysfunction (ED-H) was given to 13 patients at more than 1,500 kcal/d via a naso-duodenal feeding tube for 7-14 days. Six patients were given 15 g/d of BCAA granules after discharge for as long as possible. Serum levels of TP, Alb, T.Bil and PT were kept moderately high in the IVH and ED-H group. Although BCAA/AAA molar ratio was kept high when IVH or ED-H was provided, it gradually fell if nutritional management was discontinued. This ratio was maintained within normal limits by oral administration of BCAA granules. According to the Child classification, 1,2,3 and 5-year cumulative survival rates were 80.9, 62.9, 44.1 and 25.5% for Child A, 70.0, 43.1, 43.1 and 0% for Child B, and 50.0, 25.0, 0 and 0% for Child C, respectively. These data indicate the importance of nutritional support for improvement of nutritional status and for obtaining a better prognosis. Oral BCAA supplementation should be useful for the performance of long-term nutritional management for cancer patients with liver cirrhosis.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the nutritional management of patients with liver cancer and cirrhosis]. 338 29

Toxic protein metabolites are assumed to play an important role in the multifactorial pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). To investigate this, we examined the serum levels of free amino acids, free phenols and indoles in 100 healthy adults, and in 124 liver cirrhotics with HE and 80 without HE. We found a significant increase in free serum phenols and indican already in liver cirrhosis without portal hypertension (PH) and HE. In stage III and IV HE large amounts of p-hydroxy-phenyl lactic acid were detected, which was not the case in cirrhotics without HE. In HE the increase in free serum phenols and indican was much higher than that of the mother substances tyrosine and tryptophan. The quotient BCAA/AAA was decreased significantly already in PH without HE. In addition to the increased formation by intestinal bacteria, a diminished oxidative capacity of the cirrhotic liver seems to be one of the main causes of the increased serum levels of toxic protein metabolites in HE.
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PMID:The role of protein metabolism in 204 liver cirrhotics with and without hepatic encephalopathy. II. Amino acids, free phenols and indoles. 372 89

Changes in amino acid concentrations in plasma during a 100 g oral glucose tolerance test were investigated in patients with liver cirrhosis and in healthy controls. In the controls, almost all amino acid concentrations reached a nadir about 3 hours after glucose loading, then returned to initial levels after 6 hours. Immunoreactive insulin levels reached a peak about 30 minutes after loading, then decreased gradually, reaching initial levels after 6 hours. In the controls, the decrease ratios, defined as maximum decrease during the 3 hours after loading/initial concentration in plasma, were 0.607 and 0.554 for isoleucine (Ile) and leucine (Leu) respectively and 0.382 for valine (Val) which is significantly lower than for Ile or Leu. A similar tendency was recognized in patients with liver cirrhosis. The initial concentration of tyrosine (Tyr) and phenylalanine (Phe) in liver cirrhosis was significantly higher and their decrease ratios were significantly lower than in controls. Though no difference was observed between initial concentrations of tryptophan (Trp) in controls and liver cirrhosis patients, the decrease ratio of Trp in liver cirrhosis was lower (0.061) than that of controls (0.279) (p less than 0.001). The value, t-Trp/BCAA + AAA, i.e. total Trp concentration (mmol/l)/concentration (mmol/l) of branched chain amino acids (BCAA, Ile + Leu + Val) plus aromatic amino acids (AAA, Tyr + Phe), which is known to correlate with the brain Trp concentration of rats (Fernstrom, J. D. & Wurtman, R. J. (1972) Science 178, 414-416), changed significantly from 9.6 +/- 2.4 (mean +/- 1 SD) at the initiation to 12.9 +/- 3.3 at 3 hours after loading in controls (p less than 0.001), and in liver cirrhosis it changed from 10.3 +/- 1.9 to 15.8 +/- 3.1 (p less than 0.001).
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PMID:Changes in plasma amino acids during the oral glucose tolerance test and the effect of these changes on hepatic encephalopathy. 389 65


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