Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0162871 (abdominal aortic aneurysm)
 8,664 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay for interferon gamma production has been used to analyze specific T cell responses to a Flu 9-mer peptide, and a 9-mer peptide of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Assays were performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of HLA-A2-positive patients with CEA-expressing carcinomas, both before and after vaccination with CEA-based vaccines, and from HLA-A2-positive healthy blood donors. The ELISPOT assay utilized aliquots of frozen PBMC, and assays were performed after 24 h in culture with peptide to rule out any artifacts due to long-term in vitro stimulation cycles. An internal standard was used for each assay to define reproducibility of the assay, and all samples from a given patient (pre- and post-vaccination, with both the Flu and CEA peptides) were analyzed simultaneously. The results indicated a trend towards healthy blood donors having higher levels of Flu-specific T cell precursors than do colon carcinoma patients, but these results were not statistically significant (P = 0.06). On the other hand, slightly higher CEA-specific T cell responses were observed in cancer patients with CEA-expressing carcinomas than in healthy blood donors. PBMC from two CEA-based vaccine clinical trials were analyzed for T cell responses to the same CEA peptide and to the Flu control peptide. The first trial consisted of three monthly vaccinations of CEA peptide (designated PPP) in adjuvant. The second trial consisted of cohorts receiving three monthly vaccinations of avipox-CEA recombinant (designated AAA) or cohorts receiving a primary vaccination with recombinant vaccinia-CEA followed by two monthly vaccinations with avipox-CEA (designated VAA). Few, if any, CEA-specific T cell responses were seen in the PPP vaccinations, while the majority of patients receiving the poxvirus CEA recombinants demonstrated increases in CEA-specific T cell responses and no increases in Flu-specific responses. CEA-specific IgG responses were also demonstrated in patients following recombinant CEA poxvirus vaccinations. Statistical analyses of the T cell responses to the same CEA peptide demonstrated a P value of 0.028 for the recombinant poxvirus vaccines, as compared with the peptide vaccine. There were no differences seen (P = 0.37) in Flu-specific responses after these two types of CEA vaccination. These results thus provide the first evidence that poxvirus recombinant-based vaccines are more potent in the initiation of tumor-antigen-specific T cell responses than vaccines employing peptide in adjuvant, when assays are conducted in an identical manner, and in defining responses to the same peptide. These results also demonstrate for the first time that an ELISPOT assay, performed over a 24-h period and without in vitro sensitization, can be successfully used to monitor immune responses to a tumor-associated antigen in cancer patients.
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PMID:The use of a rapid ELISPOT assay to analyze peptide-specific immune responses in carcinoma patients to peptide vs. recombinant poxvirus vaccines. 1112 22

In each of three experiments, in vitro-matured and -fertilised zygotes were cultured to Day 7 post insemination in synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF). In Experiment 1, zygotes were cultured in groups in either SOF plus albumin (SOFA) or serum (SOFS) and then blastocysts were cultured individually for a further 24 h without a change of media. In Experiment 2, zygotes were cultured in groups using a 2 x 2 factorial design in SOFA or SOFS, with or without recombinant ovine granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF; 5 ng mL(-1)). Blastocysts were then cultured individually using a split-plot design in SOFA or SOFS with or without GM-CSF. In Experiment 3, zygotes were cultured in SOFA in which GM-CSF was absent (A) or present (P) during Days 1-3, Days 3-5 or Days 5-7 of IVC in six combinations as follows: AAA, AAP, APP, PPP, PPA and PAA. Serum or GM-CSF increased secretion of interferon (IFN)-tau in Experiments 1 and 2 both between Days 5 and 7 of group culture and during individual culture. Secretion of IFN-tau during individual culture was determined by the medium in which embryos were group cultured and the effects of GM-CSF and serum were not additive. In Experiment 3, the presence of GM-CSF between Days 1 and 3 of culture was responsible for stimulation of secretion of IFN-tau between Days 5 and 7; IFN-tau secretion was detected as early as Day 3 post insemination.
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PMID:Effect of inclusion of serum and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor on secretion of interferon-tau during the in vitro culture of ovine embryos. 1590 76