Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0162871 (abdominal aortic aneurysm)
 8,664 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The 15,697-nucleotide sequence of Paracentrotus lividus mitochondrial DNA is reported. This genome codes for 2 rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, and 12 mRNAs which specify 13 subunits of the mitochondrial inner membrane respiratory complexes. The gene arrangement differs from that of other animal species. The two ribosomal genes 16 S and 12 S are separated by a stretch of about 3.3 kilobase pairs which contains the ND1 and ND2 genes and a cluster of 15 tRNA genes. The ND4L coding sequence is not contained in the ND4 mRNA but has its own mRNA which maps between the tRNA(Arg) and the Co II genes. The main noncoding region, located in the tRNA gene cluster, is only 132 nucleotides long, but contains sequences homologous to the mammalian displacement loop. Other short noncoding sequences are interspersed in the genome: they contain a conserved AT consensus which probably has a role in transcription or RNA processing. As regards the mitochondrial genetic code, the codons AGA and AGG specify serine and are recognized by a tRNA with a GCU anticodon, whereas AUA and AAA code for isoleucine and asparagine rather than for methionine and lysine. Except for ND4L which starts with AUC and ATPase 8 which starts with GUG, AUG is used as the initiation codon. In 11 out of 13 cases the genes terminate with the canonical stop codons UAA or UAG. These observations suggest that during invertebrate evolution each lineage developed its own mechanism of mitochondrial DNA replication and transcription and of RNA processing and translation.
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PMID:The complete nucleotide sequence, gene organization, and genetic code of the mitochondrial genome of Paracentrotus lividus. 254 76

Mitochondrial (mt) tRNA(Trp), tRNA(Ile), tRNA(Met), tRNA(Ser)GCU, tRNA(Asn)and tRNA(Lys)were purified from Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) and their nucleotide sequences were determined. tRNA(Lys)corresponding to both AAA and AAG lysine codons was found to contain the anticodon CUU, C34 at the wobble position being unmodified. tRNA(Met)corresponding to both AUA and AUG methionine codons was found to contain 5-formylcytidine (f(5)C) at the wobble position, although the extent of modification is partial. These results suggest that both C and f(5)C as the wobble bases at the anticodon first position (position 34) can recognize A at the codon third position (position 3) in the fruit fly mt translation system. tRNA(Ser)GCU corresponding to AGU, AGC and AGA serine codons was found to contain unmodified G at the anticodon wobble position, suggesting the utilization of an unconventional G34-A3 base pair during translation. When these tRNA anticodon sequences are compared with those of other animal counterparts, it is concluded that either unmodified C or G at the wobble position can recognize A at the codon third position and that modification from A to t(6)A at position 37, 3'-adjacent to the anticodon, seems to be important for tRNA possessing C34 to recognize A3 in the mRNA in the fruit fly mt translation system.
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PMID:Codon reading patterns in Drosophila melanogaster mitochondria based on their tRNA sequences: a unique wobble rule in animal mitochondria. 1051 23