Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0162871 (abdominal aortic aneurysm)
 8,664 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Methyl ricinoleate (1) was treated with bromine and the dibromo derivative (2) was reacted with ethanolic KOH under ultrasonic irradiation to give 12-hydroxy-octadec-9-ynoic acid upon acidification with dil. HCI. The latter compound was methylated with BF3/methanol to give methyl 12-hydroxy-octadec-9-ynoate (3). Compound 3 was treated with methanesulfonyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine in CH2Cl2 to give methyl 12-mesyloxy-octadec-9-ynoate (4). Reaction of methyl 12-mesyloxy-octadec-9-ynoate with aqueous KOH under ultrasonic irradiation (20 kHz) gave (11E)-octadecen-9-ynoic acid (5, santalbic acid, 40%) and (11Z)-octadecen-9-ynoic acid (6, 60%) on acidification with dil. HCI. These isomers were separated by urea fractionation. The 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic properties of the methyl ester and the triacylglycerol (TAG) esters of these enynoic fatty acid isomers were studied. The carbon shifts of the unsaturated carbon nuclei of the methyl ester of the E-isomer were unambiguously assigned as 88.547 (C-9), 79.287 (C-10), 109.760 (C-11), and 143.450 (C-12) ppm, while the unsaturated carbon shifts of the (Z)-enynoate isomer appeared at 94.277 (C-9), 77.561 (C-10), 109.297 (C-11), and 142.668 (C-12) ppm. In the 13C NMR spectral analysis of the TAG molecules of type AAA containing either the (Z)- or (E)-enyne fatty acid, the C-1 to C-6 carbon atoms on the alpha- and beta-acyl positions were differentiated. The unsaturated carbon atoms in the alpha- and beta-acyl chains were also resolved into two signals except that of the C-11 olefinic carbon. Sandal (Santalum album) wood seed oil (a source of santalbic acid) was separated by silica chromatography into three fractions. The least polar fraction (7.2 wt%) contained TAG which had a random distribution of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, of which oleic acid (69%) was the predominant component. The second fraction (3.8 wt%) contained santalbic acid (58%) and oleic acid (28%) together with some other normal fatty acids. Santalbic acid in this fraction was found in both the alpha- and beta-acyl positions of the glycerol "backbone." The most polar fraction (89 wt%) consisted of TAG containing santalbic acid only. The distribution of the various fatty acids on the glycerol "backbone" was supported by the results from the 13C NMR spectroscopic analysis.
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PMID:Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of santalbic acid and a study of triacylglycerol species in Santalum album (Linn.) seed oil. 889 8

Heterointerface engineering can be used to develop excellent catalysts through electronic coupling effects between different components or phases. As one kind of promising Pt-free electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), pure-phased metal phosphide exhibits the unfavorable factor of strong or weak H*-adsorption performance. Here, 6 nm wall-thick Ni2 P-NiP2 hollow nanoparticle polymorphs combining metallic Ni2 P and metalloid NiP2 with observable heterointerfaces are synthesized. It shows excellent catalytic performance toward the HER, requiring an overpotential of 59.7 mV to achieve 10 mA cm-2 with a Tafel slope of 58.8 mV dec-1 . Density functional theory calculations verify electrons' transfer from P to Ni at the heterointerfaces, which decreases the absolute value of H* adsorption energy and simultaneously enhance electronic conductivity. That is, the heterojunctions balance the metallic Ni2 P and the metalloid NiP2 to form an optimized phosphide polymorph catalyst for the HER. Furthermore, this polymorph combination is used with NiFe-LDH nanosheets to form an alkaline electrolyzer. It shows highly desirable electrochemical properties, which can reach 10 mA cm-2 in 1 m KOH at 1.48 V and be driven by an AAA battery with a nominal voltage of 1.5 V. The work about interfacial charge transfer might provide an insight into designing excellent polymorph catalysts.
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PMID:Interfacial Electron Transfer of Ni2 P-NiP2 Polymorphs Inducing Enhanced Electrochemical Properties. 3028 80