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Query: UMLS:C0162473 (Frey)
 2,599 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The type strain WVU 1853 and field strains SG, N26 and A642 of Mycoplasma synoviae were examined for their requirement for nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) for in vitro growth. All the strains grew and could be repeatedly passaged in Frey broth medium supplemented with filter-sterilised NAD. In modified Frey broth medium from which NAD was omitted and broth medium for which the supplements including yeast extract and NAD were autoclaved, only strains N26 and A642 could be grown and passaged. The growth curves of strain N26 determined in broth media with and without NAD were similar. These results indicated that there are differences in NAD-requirement for in vitro growth among strains of M synoviae.
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PMID:Diversity in nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide requirement for the growth of different strains of Mycoplasma synoviae. 652 30

UDP-galactose 4-epimerase from Escherichia coli catalyzes the interconversion of UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose. In recent years, the enzyme has been the subject of intensive investigation due in part to its ability to facilitate nonstereospecific hydride transfer between beta-NADH and a 4-keto hexopyranose intermediate. The first molecular model of the epimerase from E. coli was solved to 2.5 A resolution with crystals grown in the presence of a substrate analogue, UDP-phenol (Bauer AJ, Rayment I, Frey PA, Holden HM, 1992, Proteins Struct Funct Genet 12:372-381). There were concerns at the time that the inhibitor did not adequately mimic the sugar moiety of a true substrate. Here we describe the high-resolution X-ray crystal structure of the ternary complex of UDP-galactose 4-epimerase with NADH and UDP-phenol. The model was refined to 1.8 A resolution with a final overall R-factor of 18.6%. This high-resolution structural analysis demonstrates that the original concerns were unfounded and that, in fact, UDP-phenol and UDP-glucose bind similarly. The carboxamide groups of the dinucleotides, in both subunits, are displaced significantly from the planes of the nicotinamide rings by hydrogen bonding interactions with Ser 124 and Tyr 149. UDP-galactose 4-epimerase belongs to a family of enzymes known as the short-chain dehydrogenases, which contain a characteristic Tyr-Lys couple thought to be important for catalysis. The epimerase/NADH/UDP-phenol model presented here represents a well-defined ternary complex for this family of proteins and, as such, provides important information regarding the possible role of the Tyr-Lys couple in the reaction mechanism.
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PMID:High-resolution X-ray structure of UDP-galactose 4-epimerase complexed with UDP-phenol. 893 Nov 34

The (13)C and (15)N NMR chemical shifts for ring atoms of a series of N-alkylnicotinamides are shown to be correlated with their reduction potentials and reactivities toward NaBH(3)CN. The nicotinamide compounds include N-ethyl-N-benzyl-N-[p-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-, N-(p-cyanobenzyl)-, N-(carbomethoxymethyl)-, and N-(cyanomethyl)nicotinamides. The values of delta()13(C) for all the ring carbons increase with increasing electron-withdrawing power of the N-alkyl substituent. The value for C-4 increases the most, a range of 2.4 ppm in this series, whereas those for other atoms increase on the order of 1 ppm. The value of delta()15(N) for N-1 decreases with increasing electron-withdrawing power over a range of 20 ppm. The NMR data indicate that inductive electron withdrawal by N-alkyl substituents polarizes the pi-electron system to decrease electron density on ring carbons and increase electron density on the ring nitrogen. The values of log k (second order) for reduction of these compounds by NaBH(3)CN are proportional to the values of delta()13(C) for C-4 and inversely proportional to delta()15(N) for N-1. The reduction potentials are proportional to delta()13(C). The substituent effects are qualitatively similar to the substrate-induced electrostatic effects on the nicotinamide ring of NAD(+) at the active site of UDP-galactose 4-epimerase (Burke, J. R.; Frey, P. A. Biochemistry 1993, 32, 13220-13230). However, they differ quantitatively in that the upfield perturbation at N-1 is smaller in the enzyme and the signal for C-6 is also shifted upfield. The substrate-induced enzymatic perturbation of electron density at C-4 of NAD(+) quantitatively accounts for its increase in reactivity at the active site, but the perturbation at N-1 is less closely correlated with reactivity.
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PMID:Correlation of Electronic Effects in N-Alkylnicotinamides with NMR Chemical Shifts and Hydride Transfer Reactivity. 1166 71

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) has repeatedly emerged as a serious problem in U.S. broiler, layer, and turkey industries. Tracing the source of an outbreak is essential if MG control is to be accomplished. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) are valuable tools used to study MG epidemiology, allowing diagnosticians to determine the source of MG infections. In some past outbreaks, AFLP, RAPD, and RFLP fingerprinting, which require pure MG cultures, were not successful because of contaminating nonpathogenic mycoplasmas from field samples. The objective of this research was to develop a method to separate rapidly growing nonpathogenic avian mycoplasma species from slower-growing MG field strains. Mixtures of MG and three separate nonpathogenic avian mycoplasmas were inoculated onto chick embryo fibroblasts cells (CEF) allowing MG to penetrate the CEF cells. Later, gentamicin sulphate was added to the culture, eliminating the nonpathogenic mycoplasmas and allowing MG to be isolated in pure culture. Mixtures of Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) and MG could not be separated in this assay. However, removal of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and cysteine hydrochloride during serial passage in Frey broth medium successfully eliminated growth of MS.
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PMID:Separating Mycoplasma gallisepticum field strains from nonpathogenic avian mycoplasmas. 1727 1