Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0162473 (Frey)
 2,599 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 1885, Max von Frey (1852-1932), while working in Carl Ludwig's Physiological Institute in Leipzig, Germany, designed an apparatus that had criteria characteristic of a heart-lung machine. With this device, he perfused the entire lower extremity of dogs, and took measurements of oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide and lactate production. In 1935, another type of perfusion apparatus was constructed by Charles A Lindbergh (1902-1973). This device was the result of cooperation with Alexis Carrel (1873-1944) who was a pioneer of experimental organ transplantation. Using Lindbergh's pulsating device, organs such as thyroid, ovary, suprarenal gland, spleen, heart and kidney from fowls and cats were perfused with an oxygenated medium, and were maintained under sterile conditions. Beginning in 1934, John H Gibbon (1903-1973) developed and tested a heart-lung machine to institute cardiopulmonary bypass in cats during experimental occlusion of the pulmonary artery. In 1953, he performed the first successful open-heart operation in a patient using a heart-lung machine. This included elements that were similar to those used by von Frey - ie, the oxygenator and the pumps for continuous circulation of blood. A comparison of the three experimental devices revealed the following: the application for experimental purposes preceded clinical use; the development shifted from Europe to the United States, and was achieved by people who were not specialists; and the intention to build such a device was first purely scientific interest, but later shifted to the care for and treatment of patients with heart and circulatory defects by open-heart surgery.
Can J Cardiol 2001 Sep
PMID:Perfusion of isolated organs and the first heart-lung machine. 1158 87

The conventional surgical history of ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) dates from August 26, 1938, when Robert E. Gross of Boston, Massachusetts, successfully ligated a PDA. It is largely unknown that in the same year and before Gross, Emil Karl Frey, a Surgeon at the Medizinische Akademie in Dusseldorf, Germany, already ligated a PDA successfully. Assuming that he would soon perform more ligations, Frey did not publish his findings, and this historic ductal operation escaped attention.
Am J Cardiol 2004 Nov 01
PMID:Surgical treatment of patent ductus arteriosus: a new historical perspective. 1553 52