Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0162316 (iron deficiency anemia)
 3,806 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cerebral infarction in children is often caused by intracranial vascular disorder, cardiac disease, head injury, or infection, and is rarely induced by blood disease. In this paper, we describe an infantile case of cerebral infarction associated with thrombocytosis. A female infant of eight months of age developed left hemiparesis after a slight head injury. Her CT and MRI demonstrated a cerebral infarction located from the right internal capsule to the right corona radiata. Laboratory findings revealed iron-deficiency anemia and thrombocytosis with a platelet count 107.5 x 10(4)/mm3. Although she had no disorder that had caused iron deficiency, serum Fe value of the patient was low with a count of 18 micrograms/dl. Her bone marrow was normal except for a slight increase in the number of megakaryocytes. One month later, her anemia was improved by means of oral iron replacement. However, her platelet count remained at more than 100 x 10(4)/mm3 as it had been before. Her condition of left-sided hemiparesis gradually improved by a program of rehabilitation, and did not recur after aspirin administration. Although the main cause of her thrombocytosis that led to a transient cerebrovascular accident is obscure, it is postulated that her iron deficiency anemia induced secondary thrombocytosis, or else the patient had essential thrombocytosis.
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PMID:[An infantile case of cerebral infarction associated with thrombocytosis]. 159 Oct 25

An extremely rare case of chondromyxoid fibroma of the skull base extending from middle fossa to posterior fossa is reported. The patient is a forty-seven year old woman who became paranoiac four months before admission and her gait was unsteady for one month. On April 27th, 1985, she fainted and was admitted to Kanto Rosai Hospital on April 30th. She was drowsy and disoriented. Neurologic examination revealed left pyramidal tract signs and impaired functions of right Vth (first and second branches), VIth and VIIIth cranial nerves. She was anemic and bleeding tendency due to thrombocytopenia was also recognized. Hematologist's diagnoses were myelodysplastic syndrome plus iron deficiency anemia. Neuroradiologic studies including CT scan, cerebral angiographies and MRI revealed a huge extra-axial skull base tumor extending from middle fossa to posterior fossa completely destroying the skull base. Stenosis of cavernous portion of internal carotid artery due to tumoral involvement was also noted. Surgical excision of the tumor was performed three weeks after the admission with the use of platelet transfusion. Transpetrosal transtentorial approach was performed removing the intracranial part of the tumor which was a semi-translucent jelly-like soft mass. The patient had a good post-operative course and improvement in the neurologic condition was recognized. Microscopically, the tumor showed marked lobular formation with small vessels and fibroblasts in the periphery of the lobule. The fibroblasts took stellate figures in the myxoid matrix at the center of the lobule. Chondroid pattern was also observed. Mitosis and nuclear atypism were not observed. Histological diagnosis was chondromyxoid fibroma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Chondromyxoid fibroma of the skull base extending from the middle fossa to the posterior fossa--case report]. 343 32

MRI of lung parenchyma and pulmonary embolism (PE) remains challenging. "Ferrum," a ferric hydroxide sucrose complex used clinically for iron deficiency anemia for more than 40 years, was investigated as a negative MRI contrast agent in five rabbits bearing experimental PE as well as in five normal volunteers. Clots were prepared by spontaneous coagulation of 0.1 ml In-111 labeled autologous red blood cells and introduced through the jugular vein. Scintigraphic imaging permitted anatomical localization of PE in vivo and thereby served as a control for MR imaging. MRI was performed on a 1.5 T GE Signa scanner before and after induction of PE, and before and after the injection of Ferrum. T1-weighted images were obtained continuously for up to 90 min using varying doses of Ferrum. In five normal human volunteers, a single dose of 100 mg each was administered. T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo and gradient-echo images of lung parenchyma were repeatedly obtained before and after agent administration. In rabbit, Ferrum remained in circulation for several hours where it shortened both T1 and T2 of blood, improving the contrast between PE and lung parenchyma (i.e., intravascular compartment). A dose of 3 mg/kg was enough to increase the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between PE and lung parenchyma by almost three fold, substantially improving lesion detectability. CNR increased up to five-fold when the dose was increased up to 20 mg/kg at which point CNR reached a plateau. In humans, T2-weighted spin-echo sequence appeared to be most sensitive to changes in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of normal lung parenchyma. Within 60 min after injection of 100 mg of iron, SNR dropped by 34% (p < .025). However, 24 hr later, SNR returned to almost normal. Ferrum increased the contrast between PE and lung parenchyma in the rabbit and decreased the parenchymal SNR in humans in nontoxic doses. These results suggest that Ferrum is worthy of further investigation of PE imaging in humans.
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PMID:Use of Ferrum in MRI of lung parenchyma and pulmonary embolism. 831 63

A 60-year-old female, who had been noted to have slowly progressive mental changes since the age of 40, subsequently developed irregular, abrupt, jerking movements of her limbs, and coordination and walking difficulty after 15 years. Her father, aunt and sister had also been suffering from similar involuntary movements and changes of personality. Neurological examination revealed slight dementia, choreic movements and the evidence of pyramidal tract signs; i.e., she showed general hyperreflexia of extremities, bilateral ankle clonus, and extensor plantar responses of lower extremities. laboratory data were all within normal ranges except iron deficiency anemia. Axial MRI showed moderate cortical atrophy, however, without dilatation of the frontal hours of lateral ventricles and the caudate head appeared normal. Our initial impression was dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA). However, the genetic analysis of her peripheral leukocytes disclosed an expansion of the CAG repeats (43 copies) in the IT15 gene in chromosome 4p, indicating the diagnosis of Huntington's disease (HD). CAG repeats in chromosome 12, known to link with DRPLA, was not expanded. Thus, this case is unique in that the classical symptomatologies of HD was betrayed by the presence of prominent pyramidal tract signs. This patient may be of importance in demonstrating the diversity of neurological symptoms and neuropathologies caused by CAG trinucleotide repeats in HD.
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PMID:[Chorea with prominent spasticity associated with an expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the IT15 gene: a case report]. 872 Mar 39

A 17-year-old girl developed vomiting of sudden onset, followed by a state of confusion that progressed rapidly to coma within one day. Laboratory tests indicated iron deficiency anemia and reactive thrombocytosis, but there was no evidence of coagulopathy. There was no history of medication including the contraceptive pill, either. Emergency CT scan without contrast enhancement showed increased density along the course of the vein of Galen and internal cerebral veins. A repeated CT scan without contrast enhancement carried out 24 hours after the onset of the illness confirmed extensive bilateral hypodensity of the thalami, basal ganglia and adjacent white matter. There was also a prominent spontaneous increase in the density of the deep cerebral venous system. MRI was performed 3 days after the onset of the illness, which showed absence of a flow void in the region of the internal cerebral veins and septal veins on T1-weighed images. T2-weighted images showed low intensity in these veins. At autopsy, the bilateral internal cerebral veins were occluded by fresh thrombosis and hemorrhagic infarction was seen in the bilateral thalami.
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PMID:[An autopsy case of deep cerebral venous thrombosis: serial CT, MRI and pathological findings]. 1007 33

Vascular lesions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract include arterio-venous malformations as angiodysplasia and Dieulafoy's lesion, venous ectasias (multiple phlebectasias and haemorroids), teleangiectasias which can be associated with hereditary hemorrhagic teleangiectasia (HHT), Turner's syndrome and systemic sclerosis, haemangioma's, angiosarcoma's and disorders of connective tissue affecting blood vessels as pseudoxanthoma elasticum and Ehlers-Danlos's disease. As a group, they are relatively rare lesions that however may be a major source of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Clinical presentation is variable, ranging from asymptomatic cases over iron deficiency anaemia to acute or recurrent bleeding that may be life-threatening. Furthermore, patients may present with other symptoms, e.g. pain, dysphagia, odynophagia, the presence of a palpable mass, intussusception, obstruction, haemodynamic problems resulting from high cardiac output, lymphatic abnormalities with protein loosing enteropathy and ascites, or dermatological and somatic features in syndromal cases. Diagnosis can usually be made using endoscopy, sometimes with additional biopsy. Barium radiography, angiography, intraoperative enteroscopy, tagged red blood cell scan, CT-scan and MRI-scan may offer additional information. Treatment can be symptomatic, including iron supplements and transfusion therapy or causal, including therapeutic endoscopy (laser, electrocautery, heater probe or injection sclerotherapy), therapeutic angiography and surgery. The mode of treatment is of course depending on the mode of presentation and other factors such as associated disorders. If endoscopic or angiographic therapy is impossible and surgical intervention not indicated, pharmacological therapy may be warranted. Good results have been reported with different drugs, albeit most of them have not been tested in large trials.
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PMID:Vascular lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. 1261 28

A strategy to establish the diagnosis and the etiology of menorrhagia is necessary for an adaptated therapeutic care. The cross-examination must endeavour to assess bleedings and their clinical impact, and concentrate on specific pathology (such as hemostasis disorders). Clinical examination may eliminate cervical vaginal pathologies and estimate uterine volume. The diagnosis of pregnancy should always be considered and eliminated and that of iron deficiency anemia will be helpful. Explorations of hemostasis balance will be recommended according to clinical and biological features. Hormonal measurement are not contributive, except in diagnosis of SOPK. Endometrium biopsy with the Pipelle will be systematically performed after 40 years of age or in case of risk factors of endometrial cancer. Transvaginal ultrasonography is the first line exam to recommend in case of proved menorrhagia. Hysteroscopy and hysterosonography will be recommended if ultrasonography is not informative enough, or in case of medical treatment failure. MRI is recommended in an second intention (in case of multiple uterine fibroids, or suspected adenomyosis, and if an arterial embolization is required).
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PMID:[Hierarchy for diagnostic and etiological management in menometrorrhagia]. 1926 13

A 40-year-old woman was diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia (hemoglobin 3.5 g/dl) induced by uterine myomas, and admitted to the Department of Gynecology of our hospital. During admission, she underwent the daily intravenous administration of saccharated ferric oxide for 3 weeks, and monthly GnRH analogue administration was started. Her hemoglobin level acutely increased to 9.3 g/dl over the next 18 days with normal blood pressure. Thirteen days after the 3rd administration of the GnRH analogue, she suddenly developed marked headache. Just before the onset, she had been driving a car, and spun the steering wheel to avoid a traffic accident on a busy street. This headache was so severe that she was brought to our hospital by ambulance. During transport to the hospital, her blood pressure was normal. Soon after arriving, she developed generalized convulsions, followed by status epilepticus. A brain MRI showed vasogenic edema in the posterior and parietal cortices including white matter bilaterally, and minimum subarachnoid hemorrhage was indicated in the bilateral frontal lobe and right temporal lobe. CSF analysis was unremarkable. Anticonvulsants, one course of steroid pulse therapy and glycerol were started, and status epilepticus disappeared on the same day. Abnormal areas on MRI decreased gradually. However, hyperintensity on T1- and FLAIR images remained in the right parietal lobe and bilateral occipital lobe white matter at 15 months after the onset Judging from the clinical and radiological findings, this patient was diagnosed as reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) accompanied with subarachnoid hemorrhage. This case suggests that an unexpected prompt physical activity or astonishment would induce RPLS in a patient treated with GnRH analogue.
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PMID:[Acutely developed reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome following a prompt physical activity to avoid a traffic accident: a case report]. 1992 86

Multiple extraintestinal diseases are present in 0.3- 4.5 % of inflammatory bowel disease patients. A 39-year-old woman was admitted with a 3 months history of cervicalgia with functional incapacity, asthenia, tibio-tarsal bilateral arthritis and bloody diarrhoea. She had ferropenic anemia, SR-120 mm, creatinine clearance-42 mL/min, proteinuria-1.2 g/24h. Colonoscopy with biopsy showed active ulcerative rectossigmoiditis. She had bilateral sacroileitis more pronounced at the right side which was suggestive of ankylosing spondylitis. HLA B27 was positive. Because of colestasis, colangio-MRI and CPRE were done and were suggestive of primary sclerosing colangitis. Renal disease was interpreted as an analgesic nephropathy versus glomerulonephritis associated with ulcerative colitis. Cardiac ecodoppler showed pericardial thickening with a thin pericardial effusion. Full improvement of gastrointestinal complaints was observed with 5-ASA topic enemas, sulfassalazine, corticosteroids and azathioprine and full remission of ankylosing spondylitis with adalimumab. This case illustrates extraintestinal wide involvement as the initial presentation of ulcerative colitis, remarking its systemic nature.
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PMID:[Ulcerative colitis initial presentation with multiple extra-intestinal manifestations]. 2068 1

The case of a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 with chronic abdominal pain and iron deficiency anemia is described. Diagnostic procedures including esophagogastroduodenoscopy and ileocolonoscopy did not disclose a definitive cause. CT scan and MRI revealed multiple intraluminal tumors in the small bowel, especially in the ileum. These findings were verified by double balloon enteroscopy. Endoscopic resection was not performed due to size and number of the polyps, and the patient was sent for diagnostic laparotomy. A conglomerate tumor of the ileum was resected. Histopathological analysis revealed 13 inflammatory polyps and 2 gastrointestinal stroma tumors.
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PMID:[69 year-old patient with chronic abdominal pain and anemia in neurofibromatosis]. 2094 77


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