Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0162316 (iron deficiency anemia)
 3,806 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The early detection of lead intoxitation needs practical, simple, reproducible and diagnostically valid screening test. The determination of ALA-D (delta-amino-levulinic acid-dehydratase) in erythrocytes is one of the most reliable test for the evaluation of the occupational exposure to lead. However this test is difficult to standardize, sensible to lead contamination of laboratory glassware and the activity of enzyme decreases rapidly if stored. The determination of erythrocytes ZPP (zinco-protoporphyrin IX) was proposed as useful, alternative test. The protoporphyrin IX is a metabolic intermediate in heme biosynthesis; in erythrocytes is present as free form and zinc-boundend compound. The ZPP give high values only in lead intoxication and sideropenic anemia. The ALA-D and ZPP in erythrocytes were measured and compared in a group of workers exposed to lead. We have shown a good correlation between these two biochemical parameters. Aminoacid excretion in urine from workers exposed to lead was measured and compared with other biochemical parameters of intoxication. All lead workers examined had excessive urinary CP (coproporphyrin) and ALA (delta-amino-levulinic acid) excretion. An abnormal excretion of glycine was present in eight workers (32%), whereas in other four (15%) the glycinuria was at limit of normal values. An abnormal excretion of lysine was present in six workers (21%). The last data appear very interesting because the action of lead in lysine metabolism was not known.
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PMID:[Biochemical evaluation of damage due to lead: importance and significance of erythrocyte zinc-protoporhyrin IX and urinary amino acid determination]. 60 37

Hematological parameters and free eythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) on a capillary blood sample were measured in 175 apparently healthy children ranging from 6 months to six years of age. Thirty eight children had hematological parameters descended and/or FEP elevated were asked to return for blood counts, FEP, serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron binding, capacity, transferrin saturation and ALA-D activity, on a venous blood sample. Only 34 children returned. Twenty seven, 15.4%, had iron stores descended or iron deficiency, 18 of them with anemia. FEP had significant correlation coefficients with hematologic parameters (p less than 0.001), serum iron and transferrin saturation (p less than 0.01). On iron deficiency anemia detection, the FEP had a sensibility and specificity of 0.94 and 0.75 respectively.
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PMID:[Usefulness of the determination of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin in relation to other hematologic parameters in iron deficiency]. 227 93

Iron appears to exert self-regulatory control over erythroblast iron uptake, iron storage and its incorporation into haem. It does this via iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) which bind reversibly to the iron responsive elements (IREs) on the mRNA of transferrin receptor (TfR), erythroid 5-aminolaevulinic acid synthase (ALA-S2) and ferritin. Iron deficiency leads to the binding of IRP to IRE. This binding inhibits the translation of mRNA for ALA-S2 and ferritin but stabilizes mRNA for TfR expression. Sideroblastic erythropoiesis is highly ineffective and characterized by mitochondrial iron loading. The study of X-linked sideroblastic anaemia has shown that the entry of iron into the mitochondria is poorly controlled and able to occur when protoporphyrin production is reduced, as is seen with the ALA-S2 mutations, or when it is increased as has been seen with ABC7 transporter mutations. Sideropenia characterises both iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and the anaemia of chronic disease (ACD). Erythroblasts in ACD seem doubly equipped to protect their iron supply with their ability to increase the efficiency of transferrin-iron uptake as well as to activate the IRP/IRE system to increase surface TfR production. This increase in efficiency restricts the need to increase surface TfR production and maintains serum soluble TfR (sTfR) values within the normal range in iron replete ACD. The coexistence of iron deficiency with chronic disease, however, is associated with an increase in both the efficiency and number and a highly significant rise in sTfR values.
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PMID:Erythroblast iron metabolism in sideroblastic and sideropenic states. 1224 84