Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0162316 (iron deficiency anemia)
 3,806 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Over the past few decades, there has been an increase in the number of reports about newly recognized (atypical or unusual) manifestations of Graves' disease (GD), that are related to various body systems. One of these manifestations is sometimes the main presenting feature of GD. Some of the atypical manifestations are specifically related to GD, while others are also similarly seen in patients with other forms of hyperthyroidism. Lack of knowledge of the association between these findings and GD may lead to delay in diagnosis, misdiagnosis, or unnecessary investigations. The atypical clinical presentations of GD include anemia, vomiting, jaundice, and right heart failure. There is one type of anemia that is not explained by any of the known etiological factors and responds well to hyperthyroidism treatment. This type of anemia resembles anemia of chronic disease and may be termed GD anemia. Other forms of anemia that are associated with GD include pernicious anemia, iron deficiency anemia of celiac disease, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Vomiting has been reported as a presenting feature of Graves' disease. Some cases had the typical findings of hyperthyroidism initially masked, and the vomiting did not improve until hyperthyroidism has been detected and treated. Hyperthyroidism may present with jaundice, and on the other hand, deep jaundice may develop with the onset of overt hyperthyroidism in previously compensated chronic liver disease patients. Pulmonary hypertension is reported to be associated with GD and to respond to its treatment. GD-related pulmonary hypertension may be so severe to produce isolated right-sided heart failure that is occasionally found as the presenting manifestation of GD.
J Thyroid Res 2012
PMID:Atypical clinical manifestations of graves' disease: an analysis in depth. 2213 47

We have conducted a complex clinical and paraclinical study of 108 women, 78 of which had diabetes and 30 healthy women that made a control group. In 60.3% of the pregnant patients type 1 diabetes was diagnosed, in 11.5%--type 2. Gestational diabetes was found in 28.2% of pregnant women. The vast number of the surveyed pregnant women (52.6%) was diagnosed with moderate and severe (38.5%) degree of the disease. In 12.5% of them the disease was compensated, in 82.1% subcompensated, while in 5.1%--decompensated. In pregnant women with diabetes a high incidence of extragenital diseases was revealed, the most common of which was iron deficiency anemia, which complicated the pregnancy of more than half of the pregnant of the basic group (57.7%), while in the control--in 13.3% of women (p < 0.05). Thyroid diseases in the study group were more than three times more common compared to the control group (47.4% and 13.3%, p < 0.05), while in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes in 55.3% of the patients. Herewith in 29.4% of cases were diagnosed with hypothyroidism, in 52.9--subclinical hypothyroidism, in 25.5% of pregnant women were found autoimmune thyroiditis. These data indicate the need of screening of the pregnant women with diabetes to identify the pathology of the thyroid gland even if the clinical symptom are absent, particularly in the areas of iodine deficiency.
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PMID:[The structure of extragenital pathology in pregnant women with diabetes in endemic by iodine region]. 2579 17

Previous studies have identified an association between iron deficiency and thyroid function. We aimed to determine if there is a relationship between iron deficiency and thyroid function during the first trimester of pregnancy. Two thousand five hundred eighty-one pregnant women who presented for the first prenatal care were enrolled and divided into three groups, the mild iron deficiency (MID) group, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) group and normal control (NC) group, according to serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels. The former two groups can be merged into one iron deficiency (ID) group. Thyroid function parameters were compared among the three groups, including free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (TT4) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb). Moreover, the rates of thyroid dysfunction were also compared. Our results show that pregnant women in the MID and IDA groups have higher TSH and lower FT4 status than those in the NC group (p<0.01), and the difference between the IDA group and MID group is significant (p<0.05). TPOAb in the IDA group is higher than in the MID group and NC group. Meanwhile, the rate of hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism in the IDA group was significantly higher than in the MID group and NC group (p<0.01). And the positive rate of TPOAb is also higher in the IDA group than MID group and NC group (p<0.05). Iron deficiency is related to thyroid function and could lead to hypothyroidism during early pregnancy, which could be explained by thyroid autoimmunity.
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PMID:The Relationship between Iron Deficiency and Thyroid Function in Chinese Women during Early Pregnancy. 2820 44

Maternal thyroid pathology takes important role in obstetric and peri-neonatal morbidity structure. Despite of the number of studies conducted in the field of thyroid disorders of pregnant females, the definition of influence of thyroid gland dysfunction on maternal and neonatal health still remains actual. The mentioned topics draw specific interest in the aspect of prognosticaiton of complications and unfavorable outcome. Aim of the study - to define the specificities of gestation period and determine the prognostic risk of obstetric and perinatal complications in pregnant females with thyroid pathology. The study was performed at the base of "David Gagua Clinic" Ltd. Prospective, open controlled study design was applied. Based upon the referral to the clinic, 292 pregnant females with thyroid pathology were involved in the main group. The control group involved 58 conditionally healthy pregnant females of reproductive age. Thyroid status had been monitored accoding to trimesters during the whole period of prgnancy and 1 month following the delivery. The health state of neonates was assessed by international protocols. To define the confidence interval for relative ratio between quantitative data of compared groups, c2 , P and RR indices were calculated, and its critical level was considered to be 0.05. The risks ratio with defining of the data was determined for obstetric and perinatal complications. 120 (41.4%) of pregnant subjects demonstrated hypothyroidism, 104 (35.6%) - isolated hypothyroxinmia, and 13 (4.5%) - hyperthyroidism. High levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies were observed in 54 (18.5%) of cases, nodular gout was found in 38 (13%) patients, 5 (12.3%) of which was associated with hypothyroidism and 9 (23%) - with isolated hypothyroxinemia. Correcting treatment was administered to all pregnant subjects during the pregnancy period. Based on the analysis of acquired data, the high probability of prengancy-related nausea/vomiting and iron-deficiency anemia was demonstrated in the population of pregnant females with thyroid pathology, especially in those with hypothyroidism and isolated hypothyroxinemia. The prognostic risk of early spontaneous abortion, premature delivery and obstetric surgical interventions was statistically significant in pregnant females with hypothyroidism. The relative ratio for low neonatal weight, maternal iron deficiency anemia in postpartum period, abnormal weight gain and chronic lower limb venous disorders were high in the aspect of perinatal outcomes. Thus, despite of timely diagnosis and adequate treatment, thyroid pathology revealed in the gestational period is related with particular risk for development of obstetric and perinatal complications, which indicates on absolute necessity of pregravid preparation and achievement of euthyroid state at preliminary stage of pregnancy planning.
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PMID:PROGNOSTIC RISK OF OBSTETRIC AND PERINATAL COMPLICATIONS IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH THYROID DYSFUNCTION. 2848 Aug 43

Vitamin B12 deficiency is seen in countries like India mainly because of predominantly vegetarian diet and is a significant health problem. Patients present with various neurological and hematological manifestations of megaloblastic anemia. In this case report, we present a 14-year-old girl child having a history of past blood transfusions and iron deficiency anemia currently presenting with severe anemia due to idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and later found to have concomitant vitamin B12 deficiency. On investigating, she had vitamin B12 deficiency, raised homocysteine and methylmalonic acid levels, positive Direct Coombs Test (DCT), and negative glucose-6-phoshphatase deficiency and osmotic fragility tests. Thyroid profile and tissue transglutaminase IgA (tTg-IgA) tests were negative. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-double stranded DNA antibody (anti-dsDNA) serum immunoglobulin were also normal. Bone marrow showed megaloblastic anemia picture. Although AIHA and vitamin B12 deficiency anemia are not common, clinicians should have a high index of suspicion when patients present with hemolytic picture and severe megaloblastic anemia.
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PMID:Idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia along with concomitant vitamin B12 deficiency in an adolescent girl: A rare occurrence. 3310 65