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Query: UMLS:C0162316 (iron deficiency anemia)
 3,806 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Iron-deficient erythropoiesis may occur in patients with adequate levels of storage iron as well as those with tissue iron deficiency. Here we compare two methods of detecting iron-deficient erythropoiesis. The measurement of percent hypochromic cells in the full blood count provides a direct indicator of iron-deficient erythropoiesis. The zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) determination is simple, precise and reproducible, and also appears to provide a sensitive index of iron-deficient erythropoiesis. There was a significant correlation between ZPP levels and percent hypochromic cells in patients with iron deficiency anaemia, rheumatoid arthritis and with patients with renal failure undergoing dialysis and receiving erythropoietin. However in the latter group ZPP levels were raised in almost all patients, suggesting that there may be interference by other metabolites in the assay. This may be overcome by washing the red cells before assay, but the procedure becomes cumbersome. If the laboratory is equipped to determine percent hypochromic cells during the blood count this direct measure of iron-deficient erythropoiesis dispenses with the need to determine ZPP. Otherwise ZPP determinations on washed cells may be of diagnostic use.
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PMID:Zinc protoporphyrin and iron-deficient erythropoiesis. 817 31

Zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) is generated in the erythrocytes of patients with lead toxication and iron deficiency anemia by the incorporation of zinc instead of ferrous iron into protoporphyrin. Although the measurement of ZPP has been thought to be a potential screening test for evaluating iron deficiency, no simple and reliable ZPP assay method has been available until recently. A newly developed hematofluorometer allows us to quickly determine the level of ZPP in a drop of unprocessed whole blood. In this study, we measured the concentration of ZPP in 732 children including 22 patients with iron deficiency anemia using this hematofluorometer. The cut off value of whole blood ZPP in children was determined to be 38.2 micrograms ZPP/dl whole blood. The level of ZPP showed a good negative correlation with the concentration of hemoglobin. The specificity and the sensitivity of this assay were 97.2% and 81.8%, respectively. These results indicate that this ZPP assay using the newly-developed hematofluorometer is a practical way to screen for iron deficiency anemia.
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PMID:[The measurement of zinc protoporphyrin for iron deficiency anemia by hematofluorometer in children]. 831 49

Zinc affects growth, development, and reproduction. However, the effect of poor maternal zinc nutriture, usually measured as plasma zinc, on poor pregnancy outcome has not been consistent. The influence of dietary zinc on pregnancy outcome was examined in a cohort of 818 pregnant girls and women from a poor urban community in Camden, New Jersey (1985-1990). Zinc intake in this sample was 11.1 mg/day, a level ascertained from averaged 24-hour dietary recalls during pregnancy. Gravidas with low zinc intake (< or = 6 mg/day, amounting to 40% of the recommended dietary allowance for pregnancy) had lower caloric intake and multivitamin usage as well as a higher incidence of inadequate weight gain during pregnancy and iron deficiency anemia at entry to prenatal care compared with those with higher intakes. A low zinc intake was associated with approximately a twofold increase in the risk of low birth weight (< 2,500 g) after controlling for calories and other confounding variables. The risk of preterm delivery (< 37 completed weeks) was also increased, particularly when rupture of the membranes preceded the onset of labor (adjusted odds ratio = 3.46, 95% confidence interval 1.04-11.47). A low intake of dietary zinc earlier in pregnancy was associated with a greater than threefold increase in the risk of very preterm delivery (< 33 completed weeks). In conjunction with iron deficiency anemia at entry to prenatal care, the adjusted odds ratio for very preterm delivery with low zinc intake was 5.44 (95% confidence interval 1.58-18.79). Among the urban poor, a marginal zinc intake during pregnancy may play an important role in the duration of gestation and is associated with increased risk of preterm and very preterm delivery.
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PMID:Low zinc intake during pregnancy: its association with preterm and very preterm delivery. 831 41

Exercise has been shown to increase indirect measures of lipid peroxidation. However, exercise and training appear to augment the body's anti-oxidant defence system. Whether this augmented defence system can keep up with the increase in lipid peroxidation with exercise is not known. Iron depletion is experienced by many athletes, especially female endurance athletes and adolescents, but iron deficiency anaemia is rare. Iron depletion could affect the ability to train and recover from strenuous exercise, but this has not been examined. There is a concern that female athletes, especially adolescents, are not ingesting sufficient calcium, and this may affect the development of peak bone mass and increase the risk of bone fractures. Further research is needed on mineral and trace mineral intake and loss in athletes. It appears that most athletes have adequate status of chromium, zinc, phosphate and magnesium. Athletes who are restricting energy intake to achieve a low body mass (for example, endurance runners), may not have adequate vitamin or mineral status. More data are needed on vitamin/mineral status of athletes from underdeveloped countries. The general recommendation for athletes is that foods rich in anti-oxidants and minerals should be ingested rather than supplements.
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PMID:Micronutrients and exercise: anti-oxidants and minerals. 889 15

The purpose of this study was to determine the iron status of preschool children in Sydney. We assessed 678 children aged 9 to 62 months living in 32 randomly selected census collection districts in central and southern Sydney for iron status using plasma ferritin; of these 678 children, 542 had zinc protoporphyrin tests, red cell indices and haemoglobin tests. Risk factors for iron deficiency were assessed by an administered questionnaire. Overall, the prevalence of iron depletion was 10.5 per cent, iron deficiency 2.8 per cent and iron deficiency anaemia 1.1 per cent. The 24-to-35-month age group (176 children) had the highest prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia of 3.0 per cent although iron depletion (18.7 per cent) and iron deficiency (5.4 per cent) were highest among the 9-to-23-month age group (182 children). Low iron status was related to age of under 24 months (odds ratio (OR) 2.86,95 per cent confidence interval (CI) 1.72 to 4.76). After adjustment for this age effect, the consumption of red meat fewer than four times a week was significantly associated with iron depletion (OR 2.27, CI 1.25 to 4.17) and there was a tendency for children who were being given a vitamin supplement to be less likely to be iron depleted (OR 4.00, CI 0.95 to 16.67). Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia do not represent a major public health problem in preschool children in Sydney. However, for children in the age range of 12 to 36 months there is scope for interventions to further reduce the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia.
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PMID:Iron status and anaemia in preschool children in Sydney. 911 69

Administration of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) to patients with intestinal failure requires attention to caloric content of feeds, fluid, electrolyte balance, and micronutrient status. Peripheral blood estimations of vitamins and trace elements may be abnormal, but their clinical significance in relation to deficiency or toxicity states is not always clear. We sought to determine the incidence and nature of clinical micronutrient abnormality in our HPN program. Clinical assessment and case record review of 49 patients actively receiving HPN was undertaken, and, in 32 of these patients, serum micronutrient levels were assayed. Clinical evidence of micronutrient deficiency was identified in 16 patients (33%). Iron deficiency anemia occurred in 14 patients which resolved after iron supplementation in all except 1 patient who had persistent intestinal blood loss. Anemia was precipitated in six patients by identifiable clinical events (acute gastrointestinal disease in five and menorrhagia in one), and in two others folate deficiency coexisted. Biotin deficiency developed in three patients, manifested by dry eyes and angular cheilitis or hair loss. Vitamin A deficiency resulting in visual disturbance developed in one patient who was not receiving multivitamin supplements at that time. Serum levels of zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, vitamin A, and vitamin E were measured in 32 patients. No patient had normal levels of all six micronutrients. Nevertheless, there was no clinical evidence of toxicity or deficiency in any of these patients at the time assays were performed. In conclusion, abnormalities of micronutrient status are common in HPN patients, but serious sequelae appear to be unusual.
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PMID:Micronutrient status in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition. 943 16

Anaemia is the most common medical disorder in pregnancy with iron deficiency anaemia accounting for the majority of cases. Over 90% of the iron deficiency anaemia is due to red cell iron deficiency associated with depleted iron stores and deficient intake. The two main modalities of treating iron deficiency anaemia are oral or parenteral iron. Ferrous Hausmann (iron dextrin) is the latest iron preparation which can be used for intravenous parenteral administration as a total dose infusion. This study compares the efficacy of Ferrum Hausmann with oral ferrous fumarate therapy in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy. Our study shows that treatment with intravenous Ferrum Hausmann (iron dextrin) resulted in a significantly better level and rate of increase of haemoglobin (p<0.001). Serum ferritin, which is the best indicator of iron stores, was significantly higher (p<0.001) in the intravenous group. Other indices of iron status such as serum iron, serum transferrin and zinc protoporphyrin also showed a significant improvement in the intravenous group compared to those given oral iron. The results suggest that intravenous iron as a total dose infusion is able to replenish iron stores more efficiently, completely and at a faster rate than oral iron therapy, thus providing the fuel for stimulation of full erythopoiesis compared to oral iron. There were also no reports of any adverse reactions with intravenous iron dextrin, whereas there were a considerable proportion of women on oral iron therapy who reported side effects. In conclusion, intravenous iron therapy with Ferrous Hausmann (iron dextrin) is a suitable, effective and safe alternative to oral iron therapy in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy.
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PMID:A comparison between intravenous iron polymaltose complex (Ferrum Hausmann) and oral ferrous fumarate in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy. 1077

In order to evaluate serum copper and zinc status in children with iron deficiency anemia (IDA), 60 children with IDA aged 1-14 yr and 64 healthy children as controls aged 1-14 yr were included the study. Serum copper levels were higher in children with IDA (189 +/- 49 micrograms/dL) than those of controls (163 +/- 37 micrograms/dL) (p = 0.001). Serum zinc levels were lower in the patient group (109 +/- 59 micrograms/dL) than those of control subjects (135 +/- 56 micrograms/dL) (p = 0.017). In addition, there were statistically significant negative correlations between hematological parameters and serum copper levels in the patient group, but not in controls. No correlation between hematological parameters and serum zinc levels were found in both patient and control groups, except positive correlation between mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and serum zinc level in patients. It was concluded that at the time of managing children with IDA, zinc deficiency must be borne in mind and if necessary treatment should be initiated with zinc.
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PMID:Increased serum copper and decreased serum zinc levels in children with iron deficiency anemia. 952 44

Erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) was measured in 102 women blood donors to evaluate its usefulness in screening for evolving iron deficiency anemia, a reason for the deferral of donors. The results were compared with serum ferritin determinations. Five women were deferred before their first donation and eight women were deferred after one or two donations. Women with increased ZPP values all had low serum ferritin concentrations, indicating iron-deficient erythropoiesis that was caused by iron depletion. The positive predictive value of an increased ZPP in predicting deferral of the donor after one or two donations was 75%, whereas a serum ferritin concentration < or = 12 microg/L predicted deferral in 26% of the donors. The results indicate that the ZPP test can be recommended as a feasible and inexpensive predonation test to determine a subset of donors with iron-deficient erythropoiesis at risk of developing iron deficiency anemia.
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PMID:Zinc protoporphyrin as screening test in female blood donors. 955 91

In a retrospective study the diagnostic value of erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) measurement as a means of distinguishing iron deficiency anemia from thalassemia syndromes in patients with microcytosis was explored. ZPP values were increased in all patients with iron deficiency and in part of the patients with thalassemia. The combined measurement of erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and ZPP resulted in a correct classification of patients with iron deficiency and with thalassemia in more than 95%. The predictive value of this method is better than the results obtained by using formulae derived from red cell indices. In population screening programs for thalassemia syndromes, in which MCV determination is used as the initial test, the ZPP test is recommended as a second test, in order to discriminate between patients with microcytosis due to iron deficiency and patients with microcytosis due to thalassemia syndromes.
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PMID:Combined use of erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin and mean corpuscular volume in differentiation of thalassemia from iron deficiency anemia. 957 78


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