Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0162316 (iron deficiency anemia)
 3,806 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The fluorescent porphyrin in the erythrocytes of patients with lead intoxication or with iron deficiency anemia is zinc protoporphyrin that is bound to globin moieties, probably at heme binding sites.
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PMID:Zinc protoporphyrin in the erythrocytes of patients with lead intoxication and iron deficiency anemia. 446 90

Elevation of zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) levels in the blood has served as an indicator of lead poisoning and iron deficiency anemia for many years. We have discovered that sublethal doses of whole body irradiation with x-rays also elevates ZPP 2-3-fold over normal levels. The ZPP level does not begin to increase until days 12-14 postirradiation and peaks between days 18 and 20 before returning to normal levels between days 28 and 35. Increasing the radiation dose delays the onset of the rise in ZPP, but does not affect the magnitude of the elevation. At lethal doses, ZPP elevation is not observed. Neither of the two previously described mechanisms that cause elevations of ZPP, namely iron deficiency and inhibition of ferrochelatase, are responsible for the radiation-induced elevation of ZPP. The elevation of ZPP appears to be correlated with the recovery of the hematopoietic system from radiation injury.
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PMID:The elevation of blood levels of zinc protoporphyrin in mice following whole body irradiation. 632 27

The authors examine the utility of zinc protoporphyrin level in blood (ZPP) as diagnostic test for some anemias with different etiology. Our results show that the observed ZPP rise both in sideropenic anemia and lead poisoning, is related to TIBC increase. This relation demonstrates that both in these anemias a close correlation exists with disorders of iron metabolism. Furthermore such a correlation is not seen in thalassemic trait and in acquired non microcotic anemias.
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PMID:Erythrocyte zincprotoporphyrin (ZPP) in subjects with heterozygote beta-thalassemia, acquired non-microcytic anemias and iron deficiency. 652 76

A brief summary of the research carried out on the problem of geophagia is reported in this paper. Geophagia was a common finding among Turkish children and women in villages, associated with severe iron deficiency anemia in addition to zinc depletion. The syndrome characterized by geophagia, iron deficiency anemia, growth retardation, hypogonadism and zinc deficiency has been observed in both sexes in Turkey for several decades. Zinc deficiency has been also shown by our group in this syndrome. The decreased concentrations of zinc in serum, plasma, RBC, hair and urine were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Oral iron (both inorganic and radioactive iron) and zinc absorption tests were carried out with and without clay and revealed decreased iron and zinc absorption in some cases with prolonged geophagia. Therefore, malabsorption of iron and zinc was considered to be an additional and/or a new finding in the syndrome. Furthermore, Turkish clay most probably inhibits zinc absorption in a way similar to its inhibition of iron absorption. It was worthy of observation that some Turkish patients with this syndrome had a thalassemia-like appearance with similar skull-bone changes. Finally, growth retardation and delayed puberty were shown to be corrected by oral zinc treatment for 6-month terms. Linear growth and sexual maturation were found to be greater in the zinc-treated group than in the controls.
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PMID:Geophagia in Turkey: iron and zinc deficiency, iron and zinc absorption studies and response to treatment with zinc in geophagia cases. 665 8

Rhesus monkeys were fed a diet marginally deficient in zinc (4 ppm zinc) throughout pregnancy and were monitored for changes in hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters. This dietary zinc level was chosen because it did not produce an overt deficiency syndrome when fed for 10 wk to nonpregnant monkeys. Deprived animals were compared to control groups fed a zinc replete (100 ppm) diet ad libitum or on a food restricted (pair fed) basis. Beginning in the 3rd trimester zinc-deprived monkeys exhibited characteristic signs of deficiency including dermatitis, anorexia, and low levels of plasma zinc (less than 65 micrograms/100 ml) and of serum alkaline phosphatase activity. The extent of plasma zinc depression in deficient monkeys was dependent on total food intake; severely anorexic monkeys lost weight but maintained normal plasma zinc levels; monkeys that gained 20 to 30% of their body weight during pregnancy had severely depressed plasma zinc. Plasma vitamin A was reduced in the deprived group while copper, magnesium, and folate levels remained similar to controls. Hematological changes indicative of iron deficiency anemia (reduced packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, and Hb) were also seen in severely deficient monkeys. In addition, the peripheral lymphocyte mitogen response was reduced in deficient dams. We conclude that marginal deficiency of dietary zinc can produce significant abnormalities of nutritional status and has the potential for producing serious immunohematological dysfunction during pregnancy.
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PMID:Studies of marginal zinc deprivation in rhesus monkeys. I. Influence on pregnant dams. 669 28

Lamola et al. (1974) reported that free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) is not present as free type protoporphyrin ( FPP ) but rather is chelated with zinc in lead poisoning and iron deficiency anemia. In our fluorometric study of FEP and zinc protoporphyrin ( ZnP ) in erythrocytes of lead-poisoned rabbits and lead workers, the co-existence of ZnP and FPP was observed in the severe stage of acute lead poisoning in rabbits. The ratio of ZnP to FEP in erythrocytes decreased with the progress of lead intoxication, and the amount of FPP was greater than that of ZnP in the severe stage of intoxication. This FPP accumulated in the erythrocytes was easily converted to ZnP by incubation of the hemolysate with zinc. On the other hand, increased protoporphyrin (PP) in bone marrow was present as FPP in lead intoxication. From these results, ZnP in peripheral erythrocytes is considered to be a secondary product, not a primary one. Therefore, the determination of total FEP ( FPP + ZnP ) by the acid solvent extraction method might be more reasonable than using ZnP -determination as the biological parameter of lead poisoning. We propose that erythrocyte porphyrin in lead intoxication should be expressed as FEP, not as ZnP , for the parameter. The present study also suggests that the form of erythrocyte FPP in erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) patients is a little different from that in lead-poisoning patients, because of its high chelation reactivity with zinc.
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PMID:Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) and zinc protoporphyrin (ZnP) as biological parameters for lead poisoning. 671 60

We evaluated a rapid RBC zinc protoporphyrin (ZP) test in 1,147 male and 615 female blood donors to study its value in screening for evolving iron deficiency anemia. Fifteen men (1.8%) and 32 women (7.9%) who returned to donate were found to be anemic. A matched sample analysis between anemic and nonanemic donors demonstrated significant differences in serum ferritin levels, percent iron saturation, and the RBC ZP level from samples collected during the initial evaluation. Red cell ZP correlated well with the natural logarithm of serum ferritin in both men and women who later became anemic. The predictive value of RBC ZP levels compared favorably with that of the serum ferritin level. We also observed a strong association between the yearly donation frequency and RBC ZP concentration. These findings indicate that predonation RBC ZP testing may be useful in screening for iron depletion and potential risk of anemia in blood donors.
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PMID:RBC zinc protoporphyrin to screen blood donors for iron deficiency anemia. 712 Jun 28

A 37-year-old female presented with complaints of ageusia, dysosmia, fatigue, and toilet tissue pica. She was found to have hypozincemia and iron deficiency anemia. Her complaints quickly abated when treated with oral zinc and iron.
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PMID:Hypozincemia, ageusia, dysosmia, and toilet tissue pica. 720 79

We determined the prevalence and optimal methods for laboratory diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in patients with sickle cell disease. Laboratory investigations of 38 nontransfused and 32 transfused patients included transferrin saturation, serum ferritin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP). Response to iron supplementation confirmed the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in 16% of the nontransfused patients. None of the transfused patients were iron deficient. All iron-deficient patients (mean age 2.4 yr) had a low MCV, serum ferritin less than 25 ng/ml, transferrin saturation less than 15%, and FEP less than 90 micrograms/dl RBC. Following therapy, all parameters improved and the hemoglobin concentration increased greater than 2 g/dl. A serum ferritin below 25 ng/ml was the most reliable screening test for iron deficiency. There were 13% false positive results with transferrin saturation, 3% with MCV, and 62% with FEP. FEP values correlated strongly with reticulocyte counts. The high FEP was in part due to protoporphyrin IX and not completely due to zinc protoporphyrin, which is elevated in iron deficiency. We conclude that iron deficiency anemia is a potential problem in young nontransfused sickle cell patients. Serum ferritin below 25 ng/ml and low MCV are the most useful screening tests.
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PMID:The diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in sickle cell disease. 729 5

The content of the microelements (ME) iron, copper and zinc was determined in healthy subjects and patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA), aged 17 to 86, subdivided into three groups: First group--51 healthy females with iron, copper and zinc levels, close to those reported in literature, the same values used for the control groups. The second group--61 females with IDA had mean copper value higher than the control norms and those of the other authors--23,842 mumol/l (151.48 mkg%). Zinc content in serum was lower than the norm. A parallel determination of serum iron was performed according to Beta-phenantroline method and AAC method with affirmative aim. The IDA group were distributed into three subgroups, depending on the causes, leading to iron deficiency: First subgroup--28 patients with undistinguished cause of iron deficiency: Second subgroup--19 patients with diseases, causing acute and chronic blood losses. Third subgroup--14 patients with various diseases (inflammatory diseases, states after difficult operations, hemopathies, etc.) without blood loss. Low serum iron was found in the three subgroups, determined according to both methods and high ISC. Serum copper level was high in the first and second subgroups, being highest in some patients with uterine myoma and gastric polyps. Serum zinc level was decreased in the second and third subgroups. The normal values of zinc in the serum of the first subgroup were associated with the absence of blood loss. Zinc is recommended to be added to the treatment of IDA.
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PMID:[Iron, copper and zinc content in healthy persons and iron-deficiency anemia patients]. 733 2


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