Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0162316 (iron deficiency anemia)
 3,806 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bushman women appear to have sufficient stores of iron and zinc during pregnancy and lactation; as a result, iron deficiency anemia is rare in Bushman women, even in pregnancy. Hair samples from Bushman women (young nonpregnant, lactating, and postmenopausal) and men were analyzed for iron, zinc, and copper content. Values obtained were compared with those for groups of Bantu and American inner-city mothers. Mean iron levels in the hair were found to be high (173 ppm) for lactating Bushman women, as compared with 43.2 ppm in the group of Bantu women, and 22.9 ppm in the group of American inner-city women. Zinc levels also were higher in the Bushman women. Mean copper values were much higher in the American inner-city mothers (19.9 ppm) than in the Bushman women (8.0 ppm) or in the lactating Bantu women (9.9 ppm). The sum of the metals may be more important than the individual concentrations.
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PMID:Trace metal studies in Bushman hair. 97 39

In a group of 34 parous women, mean age 36.2 years, fitted with a copper-releasing IUD (18 with Multiload 250 or 375, and 16 with Nova T) the following parameters were assessed before and 4 months after the device insertion: hemoglobin, hematocrit, iron and ferritin. The only complaint of all patients was the shortening of the menstrual cycle, from 28 +/- 1.2 to 26.8 +/- 1.9 days, and the longer period of days with vaginal spotting (from 3.9 +/- 1.1 to 7.1 +2- 1.0 days). While Hb, HTC and iron remained within normal limits, there was a drastic fall in ferritin, from 24.2 +/- 16.4 to 9.3 +/- 8.7 ng/ml (p less than 0.01), a sign of iron deficiency anemia. Periodic ferritin assessment and iron treatment, if needed, should be the first choice. Removal of the IUD is recommended only when ferritin remains low after antifibrinolytic, prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, and iron therapy.
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PMID:Ferritin, a faithful reflection of iron deficiency in IUD wearers with mild vaginal spotting. 187 95

This paper examines whether mineral supplements are necessary for athletes, and whether these supplements will enhance performance. Macrominerals (calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus) and trace minerals (zinc, copper, selenium, chromium, and iron) are described. Calcium supplements are important for the health of bones. Athletes tend to have enhanced calcium status as assessed by bone mineral density, with the notable exception of female amenorrhoeic athletes. Magnesium status is adequate for most athletes, and there is no evidence that magnesium supplements can enhance performance. Phosphorus status is adequate for athletes. Phosphorus supplementation over an extended period of time can result in lowered blood calcium, however, some studies have shown that acute 'phosphate loading' will enhance performance. Athletes may have a zinc deficiency induced by poor diet and loss of zinc in sweat and urine. Limited data exist on the relationship of performance and zinc status. Widespread deficiencies in copper have not been documented, and there are no data to suggest that copper supplementation will enhance performance. There is no reason to suspect a selenium deficiency in athletes. The relationship between selenium status and performance has not been established, but selenium may play a role as an antioxidant. Because of the low intakes of chromium for the general population, there is a possibility that athletes may be deficient. Exercise may create a loss in chromium because of increased excretion into the urine. Many athletes, particularly female, are iron depleted, but true iron deficiencies are rare. Iron depletion does not affect exercise performance but iron deficiency anaemia does. Iron supplements have not been shown to enhance performance except where iron deficiency anaemia exists. In conclusion, poor diets are perhaps the main reason for any mineral deficiencies found in athletes, although in certain cases exercise could contribute to the deficiency. Mineral supplementation may be important to ensure good health, but few studies have definitively documented any beneficial effect of mineral supplementation on performance.
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PMID:Minerals: exercise performance and supplementation in athletes. 189 66

The ability of intraoperative hypothermia to modify the metabolic response to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was assessed by serial alterations in iron, zinc and copper, and in their molar binding ratios to their respective transport proteins, in 20 male patients under-going elective coronary artery surgery and randomised to an operative blood temperature of 28 degrees C or 20 degrees C. Decreases in serum iron and zinc concentrations, typical of the acute phase response, were preceded by early rises. Significant alterations in the metal: protein molar binding ratios preceded significant changes in the serum concentrations of the metals and occurred earliest in the zinc: albumin binding ratio, which was apparent by the time of skin incision. An intraoperative temperature of 20 degrees C modified iron and zinc concentrations and their protein binding ratios during surgery but not in the post-operative period. These early changes in trace metals and their protein binding ratios are a simple and inexpensive method of quantitating the response to surgical injury and may be useful in assessing new interventions in cardiopulmonary bypass. An awareness of the trace element response to surgical injury is essential to avoid misdiagnoses of iron deficiency anaemia or zinc deficiency.
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PMID:The effects of intraoperative hypothermia and cardiopulmonary bypass on trace metals and their protein binding ratios. 226 37

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of nickel chloride on dietary iron deficiency in rats. The degree of iron deficiency was relatively moderate, but a more generalized anemia occurred in iron deficiency, in absence of nickel chloride. Moderate iron deficiency anemia induced increased lactate-dehydrogenase activity of serum and bone marrow, perhaps related to the decreased production of energy by oxidative means. Nickel chloride, perhaps for its ability to change iron absorption, for the maintenance of bone marrow metabolism and for to increase ceruloplasmin activity, inhibited the alteration on hemoglobin synthesis. Furthermore, nickel chloride possibly for its action on copper content and Cu-Zn superoxide-dismutase activity, inhibits the shortening of the red cell life span, caused by superoxide radicals.
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PMID:Influence of nickel chloride on iron-deficiency in rats. 263 91

Increased menstrual blood loss (MBL) associated with intrauterine device (IUD) use may precipitate or aggravate iron deficiency anaemia, adversely affecting the health of women particularly those from developing countries. Studies were conducted to define the association of MBL and iron status in South American women; to determine the level of MBL induced by IUD use which would result in iron depletion, the length of time for this depletion to occur and, comparing various IUDS, to determine if any currently tested IUDs are suited to long-term use in South American women. A total of 395 women received one of 5 types of IUDs in Santiago, Chile, and Juiz de Fora, Brazil: Lippes Loop, Multiload-250 and Multiload-375 were used in both centres; in Santiago some subjects received the Copper-7 or ProgestasertR devices and in Juiz de Fora, the TCu 200 and the T-Chloroquin IUDs were also tested. MBL and haemoglobin (HGB) were measured for 3 menstrual cycles before insertion, and following insertion, at one, two, four, six, nine, twelve, eighteen and twenty-four months in the majority of cases. Serum ferritin was measured before insertion and at intervals of six months. Mean values of MBL prior to IUD insertion in both centres varied from 21-30 ml. As with previous publications, the use of the Lippes Loop was associated with the greatest increase in MBL which was sustained throughout the 24 months of observation. Women who had one of the two types of Multiload devices inserted also had increased MBL and reduced ferritin for at least 12 months of use. TCu 200 and Copper-7 IUD users had an initial increase in MBL of 1 to 17 ml in the first six months of observation returning to normal levels beyond six months. Serum ferritin levels were lower for one year and then returned to admission values. ProgestasertR users confirmed previous reports of a reduction of 40-50% in MBL and an increase in serum ferritin. Few significant changes in haemoglobin (HGB) concentrations were found. Serum ferritin levels on admission ranged from 7.1 to 16.4 ng/ml in Santiago and from 15.8 to 23.2 ng/ml in Juiz de Fora. Many women were in a marginal state of iron balance as evidenced by lower serum ferritin values. Changes in serum ferritin were very closely related to those in MBL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Consequences of uterine blood loss caused by various intrauterine contraceptive devices in South American women. World Health Organization Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction. 304 70

The aim was to estimate the efficacy of multimodality therapy of iron deficiency anemia with vitamins combined with iron salts and to compare the results of this therapy with that including iron salts only. Besides the results of therapy using iron preparations administered per os and in injections were compared. Altogether 250 women were entered in this study. Chronic posthemorrhagic iron deficiency anemia was diagnosed in 175 patients, in 75 iron deficiency anemia developed against a background of pregnancy 250 women were divided into 10 groups. The last 3 groups included pregnant women. The selection in the first 7 and last 3 groups was randomized. The rate of increment of hemoglobin, erythrocytes and serum iron did not differ in the groups of patients receiving in addition to iron vitamins B12 and B6, copper sulfate, the combination of iron with the vitamin B group and copper sulfate. In the group receiving iron for injection the rate of increment of hemoglobin did not almost differ from that in the study groups, however it was slightly higher. Similar results were obtained for the pregnant women. Subsequent therapy after hemoglobin normalization was shown to make therapeutic results more stable. A conclusion was made of inappropriateness of the use of iron combined with other preparations in view of numerous cases of side-effects and danger of the development of siderosis of internal organs as a result of erroneous drug administration. The use of iron preparations for injections was recommended only in disturbed intestinal absorption of iron.
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PMID:[Are any drug admixtures except iron preparations required in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia?]. 362 88

The effects of the Steel Ring, the Copper V (VCu 200), and the Copper T (TCu 220c) were compared in terms of menstrual blood loss, serum ferritin, the incidence of menorrhagia, and anemia before and after insertion to evaluate the safety of these IUDs and to determine if any of them are appropriate for longterm use in Chinese women. 60 healthy women, 20-39 years, with regular menstrual periods, normal pelvic examination, who had used no oral contraceptives (OCs) for more than 1 year were recruited. Those who previously had used an IUD or had an abortion or parturition were admitted after at least 3 normal menses. Each subject was instructed in the method for complete collection of menstrual blood for 1 entire menstrual period. Menstrual blood loss was measured by alkaline hematin photometry and a Stomacher Lab-blender was used for extraction. The insertions of the IUDs were uneventful. After insertion, the mean blood loss for each group at all intervals was significantly higher than that of preinsertion, especially in the 1st postinsertion cycle. Thereafter, blood loss remained high or gradually decreased, but it did not return to the preinsertion levels even at the 24th postinsertion cycle. The differences were still significant, especially for the T group. The mean increase 25.4 ml (55.8%) for the Ring group, 32.3 ml (56.8%) for the V group, and 39.9 ml (82.2%) for the T group. The highest blood loss for the Ring group was 154 ml, for the V group 290.9 ml, and for the T group 211 ml. The incidence of menorrhagia of all IUDs was significantly increased in the 1st postinsertion cycle. Except for the Ring group, the differences were still significant even in the 24th postinsertion cycle. The mean value of serum ferritin for the Ring group was significantly decreased at the 18 and 24th postinsertion cycles. For the V group, the mean value decreased significantly at the 6, 12, and 18th postinsertion cycles and was below the normal level (16 ng/ml). For the T group, the mean value decreased significantly at the 12th and 18th postinsertion cycles, but the difference was not significant at the 24th postinsertion cycle as compared with preinsertion in either the V or T groups. After insertion, the mean hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations were still above 12 gm/dl in each cycle, but the incidence of Hb less than 12 gm/dl, which was zero before insertion in all groups, for the Ring group was 12.5% and 6.2% at the 12 and 24th postinsertion cycles and for the V group, 10% at the 1st postinsertion cycle, then gradually increased to 21.1% at the 24th postinsertion cycle. Menstrual flow was significantly prolonged only in the T group. This study indicated that blood loss, incidence of menorrhagia, and iron deficiency anemia were lower among Steel Ring users than among VCu 200 and TCu 220c users.
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PMID:Menstrual blood loss, haemoglobin and ferritin concentration of Beijing women wearing steel ring, VCu 200, and TCu 220c IUDs. 382 74

The case is described of a 35-year-old woman with an 8-month history of dermatitis on the inside of the forearms, consisting of isolated and confluent erythematous papules which were round, dome-shaped, and itchy. Histology revealed thickening of the granular cell layer and considerable lymphomonocytic infiltration of the upper dermis. A provisional diagnosis of lichenoid dermatitis was made a month later when analogous lesions appeared on the inner thighs. The patient reported numerous undiagnosed dermatological episodes in her medical history. She had used an ML copper 250 IUD for 2 years. Patch tests were positive to nickel sulphate. 2 different blind challenge tests were carried out, 1 using 5 mg of NiSO4 on the 1st day and 10 mg on the 2nd, and another 5 months later using a single 10 mg dose of NiSO4. Both tests provoked responses. Although the distributor of the IUD and spectrophotometric analysis indicated that the copper wire of the IUD was nickel free, the patient was advised to have the device removed, to avoid contact with metal objects as much as possible, and to follow a low-nickel diet. The lichenoid dermatitis was clearly improved 40 days later. A cycle of tetraethylthiuramdisulphide (TETD) in doses of 250 mg every 2 days was then administered in conjunction with preventive measures and the diet. A further improvement was noted but TETD treatment was suspended after 15 days when general symptoms and worsening of iron deficiency anemia occurred. Overall nickel levels were observed to decrease modestly over 15 days. About 1 month after suspension of the TETD and the diet, the lichenoid papules gradually began to reemerge but in limited numbers and with minimal general symptoms. It was concluded that the IUD might represent an endogenous nickel source due possibly to manufacturing defects, but the distributor and the literature both denied the possibility.
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PMID:Lichenoid dermatitis caused by nickel salts? 665 15

Groups of rats were fed diets providing 8 ppm iron (-Fe) and 250 ppm iron (+Fe) throughout pregnancy and lactation. In spite of the increase in apparent absorption of iron in pregnant -Fe dams, iron deficiency anemia developed, resulting in decreased iron levels in placenta, amniotic fluid and fetal liver. Copper concentration of amniotic fluid was elevated in -Fe dams. On day 17 of lactation, -Fe dams and their suckling pups had hematologic evidence of iron deficiency. While liver and spleen iron decreased in 17-day-old pups, levels of copper increased. Subcellularly, the greatest increase in hepatic copper in -Fe pups was found in the cytosol, thus the increased copper deposition is not similar to copper loading. Serum ceruloplasmin activity was significantly elevated in -Fe lactating dams and was slightly, but not significantly, increased in -Fe pregnant dams and suckling pups.
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PMID:Copper metabolism in iron-deficient maternal and neonatal rats. 669 92


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