Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0162316 (iron deficiency anemia)
 3,806 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pathophysiological and therapeutic properties of anemia in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) were investigated. Both anemia and chronic inflammation were induced in rats by a single injection of Freund's complete adjuvant. This study confirmed other earlier data that these anemic rats with AA had reduced serum iron levels and that the anemia was characterized as mild, non-progressive, hypochromic, microcytic. In addition, our studies showed that these anemic rats had slightly but significantly enhanced erythropoietin titers, but not renal failure; there was no significant difference in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in anemic and normal groups. The anemia in rats with AA was improved by recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) at 30 and 100 U/kg/day, given i.v. for 5 days. In contrast, iron-chondroitin-sulfate colloid (10 mg/kg/day, i.v. for 5 days) failed to improve the anemia and to enhance the effects of r-HuEPO. These data suggest that anemia in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis is distinguished, pathophysiologically and therapeutically, from iron deficiency anemia, hemolytic anemia, and renal anemia.
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PMID:Recombinant human erythropoietin, but not iron supplementation, improves anemia in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. 181 58

We describe a new alpha chain variant accidentally found in a 49-year-old female living in Usa City, Oita Prefecture, Japan. An abnormally low Hb A1c value of 2.5% (normal range: 4.8-6.3%) was found while she was treated with glucocorticoid for Fisher syndrome. The patient was also diagnosed as having an iron deficiency anemia, but otherwise showed a normal hemogram. An abnormal hemoglobin was not detectable by isoelectrofocusing and high performance liquid chromatographic methods, but appeared as a fast-moving alpha chain abnormality by urea-carboxymethyl cellulose column chromatography of the globin, from which the content of the abnormal hemoglobin was estimated at approximately 20%. The instability test of the hemolysate was normal. Structural studies demonstrated that the abnormal hemoglobin had an amino acid substitution of His-->Pro at alpha45. It is a new variant and was named Hb Oita or alpha45(CE3) His-->Pro. Additionally, sequence analysis showed a nucleotide change from A-->C at the second base in the 45th codon of the alpha2 gene, CAC(His)-->CCC (Pro). The beta/alpha ratio was 0.51 (normal range: 0.9-1.2). Her mother and a son did not have the abnormal hemoglobin variant; her father was deceased and no sample was available to verify the inheritance of the variant in this kindred.
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PMID:Hb Oita [alpha45(CE3)His-->Pro]: a new silent hemoglobin variant. 973 Mar 65

Anaemia is one of the most common disorders in pregnancy. The most common cause is iron deficiency. Iron deficiency anaemia is relatively easy to diagnose using a serum ferritin of <15 ng/ml. However, because ferritin is an acute phase reactant, the diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia in hospitalised or ill patients may be difficult, since serum ferritin may be normal or raised, even in the face of iron deficiency. Soluble transferrin receptor assay (STfR) may be useful in these situations because it reflects the degree of iron requirement in relation to supply, and it is not an acute phase reactant. This study was undertaken to detect subclinical anaemia in pregnant women and to correlate STfR assay with the current diagnostic tests for iron deficiency anaemia. One hundred and fifty-three consenting pregnant women seen at the antenatal clinic at King Edward VIII Hospital (KEH) were recruited. Women on haemantinics, who had renal failure, haemoglinopathy and blood transfusion in the past 3 months, were excluded. An ELISA technique was used for the assay of STfR while standard methodology was used for the other biochemical and haematological assays (FBC, urea, creatinine, c reactive protein and iron studies). One hundred and fifty subjects were included in the final analysis. Seventy-two (48%) had varying degrees of iron deficiency anaemia. In 70% (105) of the samples analysed, serum ferritin and STfR agreed on the presence/absence of iron deficiency anaemia. STfR and S:F were 75% and 86% sensitive; 63% and 82% specific, respectively. The calculated positive and negative predictive values are: STfR 64% and 75%; S:F 84% and 87%; Hb 58% and 57%; mean corpuscular volume 91% and 55%, respectively. Ferritin remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia. However, because ferritin is an acute phase reactant, soluble transferrin receptor assay may be a better test in ill and hospitalised patients where ferritin may be normal or elevated, despite iron deficiency.
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PMID:Soluble transferrin receptors in anaemia of pregnancy. 1252 53

The proposed route of Helicobacter pylori transmission appears to be fecal-oral, oral-oral and gastro-oral, yet, a number of studies challenged these hypotheses in 2003. The use of the stool antigen test and[13]-C urea breath testing were the tests of choice for diagnosis and 'test for cure' of H. pylori in Europe in 2003 but have not yet become accepted standard of care in North America. Pediatric H. pylori consensus guidelines are not yet revised; upper endoscopy and biopsy remain the gold standard for diagnosis of pediatric H. pylori infection. In addition to stronger evidence supporting the role of host influences of H. pylori-associated gastric cancer risk, compelling evidence was provided for the role of H. pylori in iron deficiency anemia of childhood. Antibiotic resistance remains a problem in conferring treatment failure and 2003 studies indicate that macrolide resistance is higher in children than in adults. Treatment with proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy for 10-14 days remains the mainstay for eradication of H. pylori in childhood. Finally, multinational studies are needed to develop screening guidelines for childhood infection to avoid long-term severe gastroduodenal disease sequelae.
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PMID:Helicobacter pylori infection in pediatrics. 1534 6

An association between Helicobacter pylori infection and iron deficiency anemia has been reported in children, and it has been proposed that H. pylori infection needs to be eradicated to treat absolutely iron deficiency anemia (IDA). We investigated whether there was any correlation between H. pylori infection and iron deficiency (ID) and IDA in children, and whether the eradication of H. pylori infection without iron treatment would lead to the resolution of ID. Hemoglobin and ferritin levels, H. pylori stool antigen test and (14)C urea breath test were measured in 140 children aged 6--16 years (median 9.5 years). Children with H. pylori infection were divided into three groups on the basis of hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and serum ferritin levels: groups of IDA, ID, and control. All the children received anti-H. pylori combination therapy consisting of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and lansoprazole. Hemoglobin and MCV values rose significantly compared with baseline values after H. pylori eradication without iron supplementation in children with IDA (p=0.002 and p=0.003, respectively). Ferritin values increased significantly after H. pylori eradication in children with ID (p<0.001). We conclude that complete recovery of ID and IDA can be achieved with H. pylori eradication without iron supplementation in children with H. pylori infection.
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PMID:Is there a relationship between childhood Helicobacter pylori infection and iron deficiency anemia? 1585 6

As an update to previously published recommendations for the management of Helicobacter pylori infection, an evidence-based appraisal of 14 topics was undertaken in a consensus conference sponsored by the Canadian Helicobacter Study Group. The goal was to update guidelines based on the best available evidence using an established and uniform methodology to address and formulate recommendations for each topic. The degree of consensus for each recommendation is also presented. The clinical issues addressed and recommendations made were: population-based screening for H. pylori in asymptomatic children to prevent gastric cancer is not warranted; testing for H. pylori in children should be considered if there is a family history of gastric cancer; the goal of diagnostic interventions should be to determine the cause of presenting gastrointestinal symptoms and not the presence of H. pylori infection; recurrent abdominal pain of childhood is not an indication to test for H. pylori infection; H. pylori testing is not required in patients with newly diagnosed gastroesophageal reflux disease; H. pylori testing may be considered before the use of long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy; testing for H. pylori infection should be considered in children with refractory iron deficiency anemia when no other cause has been found; when investigation of pediatric patients with persistent or severe upper abdominal symptoms is indicated, upper endoscopy with biopsy is the investigation of choice; the 13C-urea breath test is currently the best noninvasive diagnostic test for H. pylori infection in children; there is currently insufficient evidence to recommend stool antigen tests as acceptable diagnostic tools for H. pylori infection; serological antibody tests are not recommended as diagnostic tools for H. pylori infection in children; first-line therapy for H. pylori infection in children is a twice-daily, triple-drug regimen comprised of a proton pump inhibitor plus two antibiotics (clarithromycin plus amoxicillin or metronidazole); the optimal treatment period for H. pylori infection in children is 14 days; and H. pylori culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing should be made available to monitor population antibiotic resistance and manage treatment failures.
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PMID:Canadian Helicobacter Study Group Consensus Conference: Update on the approach to Helicobacter pylori infection in children and adolescents--an evidence-based evaluation. 1601 Mar

Helicobacter pylori infection is basically acquired during infancy. H. pylori is associated with a great number of pathologies including gastritis, gastroduodenal peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma. Its association with abdominal pain in children remains controversial. An association with iron deficiency anemia was recently described. The reference method for diagnosis still remains culture and histology of gastric biopsies realized during endoscopy. A few years ago, a lot of studies have shown the reliability of non-invasive tests (urea breath test 13C and the H. pylori stool antigen) for the diagnosis of the H. pylori infection in children. The treatment associating a proton pump inhibitor with two antibiotics (depending on the antimicrobial susceptibility when it's available) is recommended every time infection is proved. In children, the reinfection rate after H. pylori eradication is often higher than in adults. The eradication of H. pylori infection does not seem to produce the advent or the aggravation of gastro-oesophageal reflux oesophagitis. The eradication of this pathogen, in children as well as in adults, should theoretically lead to the disappearance of gastric cancer.
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PMID:[Helicobacter pylori infection in children]. 1654 42

Eleven years has passed since the guideline of the Korean College of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research group for H. pylori infection was produced in 1998. During this period the research for H. pylori has much progressed that H. pylori is now regarded as the major cause of gastric cancer. The seroprevalence of H. pylori in Korea was found to be decreased especially below the age of 40s and in the area of Seoul-Gyeonggi province, and annual reinfection rate of H. pylori has decreased up to 2.94%. In the aspect of diagnostic tests of H. pylori the biopsy is recommended in the body instead of antrum in the subjects with atrophic gastritis and/or intestinal metaplasia for the modified Giemsa staining or Warthin Starry silver staining. The urea breath test is the test of choice to confirm eradication when follow-up endoscopy is not necessary. Definite indication for H. pylori eradication is early gastric cancer in addition to the previous indications of peptic ulcer including scar and Marginal zone B cell lymphoma (MALT type). Treatment is also recommended for the relatives of gastric cancer patient, unexplained iron deficiency anemia, and chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. One or two week treatment of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) based triple therapy consisting of one PPI and two antibiotics, clarithromycin and amoxicillin, is recommended as the first line treatment regimen. In the case of treatment failure, one or two weeks of quadruple therapy (PPI+metronidazole+tetracycline+bismuth) is recommended. Herein, Korean College of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research proposes a diagnostic and treatment guideline based on currently available evidence.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for Helicobacter pylori infection in Korea]. 1993 8

NICE recommends immediate referral for patients with dyspepsia and significant acute GI bleeding and urgent specialist referral for investigation if any of the following alarm symptoms are present: progressive difficulty swallowing; chronic GI bleeding; unintentional weight loss; persistent vomiting; abdominal mass; iron deficiency anaemia; suspicious findings on barium meal. Patients aged > 55 with unexplained and persistent dyspepsia, despite H. pylori testing and acid suppression therapy, should also be considered for endoscopy, as should those with previous gastric ulcer or surgery, continuing need for NSAIDs or raised risk of gastric cancer. Patients with uninvestigated dyspepsia should be managed by empirical treatment with a PPI or testing for and treating H. pylori if present. Testing by urea breath test, stool antigen test, or locally validated lab-based serology is suggested. H. pylori eradication is usually given as triple therapy, for seven days, involving a PPI, clarithromycin and either amoxicillin or metronidazole. It is important to take a thorough history and to enquire about any medication the patient is taking. Drugs that are common culprits for dyspepsia include: NSAIDs; calcium antagonists; bisphosphonates; steroids; theophyllines; nitrates. NSAIDs can also cause GI bleeding. Absence of dyspepsia in patients taking NSAIDs does not indicate a reduced risk of bleeding. Peptic ulcers fall into three categories: H. pylori associated ulcers; drug-induced ulcers (particularly NSAIDs); and ulcers in H. pylori-negative patients not taking causative medication. H. pylori is associated with both gastric and duodenal ulcer disease but it is in the duodenum where the closest relationship exists. In any 6-12 month period, 20-40% of healthy people, more commonly men, will experience symptoms of heartburn. Oesophageal reflux can progress to more serious disease such as erosive oesophagitis, stricture or Barrett's oesophagus.
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PMID:Managing dyspepsia in primary care. 1993 59

A 53-year-old woman had demonstrated idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) since 1978. Although she was treated with prednisolone for ITP and oral iron compounds for IDA, neither ITP nor IDA showed any improvement. Since her (13)C-urea breath test was positive, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy was performed in 2001. The therapy was effective for IDA but not for ITP. Analysis of cases such as this will be useful for clarifying the mechanisms underlying the development of ITP and IDA associated with H. pylori.
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PMID:Iron deficiency anemia successfully treated by Helicobacter pylori eradication in a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. 2000 44


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