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Query: UMLS:C0162316 (iron deficiency anemia)
 3,806 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

B 19 parvovirus is a widespread virus with primary infestation generally occurring in childhood through family and community outbreaks. Its most typical manifestation is transient erythroblastopenia with aplastic crisis, often profound, mostly affecting patients with chronic hemolytic anemia, and eventually patients with defective erythropoiesis (chronic hypoplastic anemia, iron deficiency anemia). In normal individuals the primary infestation is usually asymptomatic but may give transient hematological signs for few days: moderate reticulocytopenia, thrombopenia and neutropenia. Clinically two phases of the infection are described: 1.) a first phase of viremia of 2 to 3 days which may be accompanied by fever and myalgias; 2.) a second phase which may last for several weeks with dermatological signs, the most typical being erythema infectiosum, vasculitis, arthralgias or arthritis. In pregnant women, the primary infestation with B 19 parvovirus may lead to fetal anemia and hydrops fetalis with uneven outcomes: fetal death, chronic erythroblastopenia after birth, spontaneous resolution. Although the incidence of fetal infestation in non immunized pregnant women is still unknown, the question is raised of the recognition and protection of non immunized pregnant women at high risk of exposition to infested subjects. Long term persistence of the virus in the organism may be responsible for chronic manifestation, essentially but not exclusively in immunodeficient-patients: prolonged erythroblastopenia and chronic rheumatologic manifestations. It may be also responsible for cases of juvenile arthritis, thrombocytopenic purpura and chronic neutropenia of childhood. The diagnosis of the viral infestation is mainly based upon the detection of specific IgM, then IgG, antibodies by Elisa technique.
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PMID:[Parvovirus B19 and pediatric pathology]. 795 39

The relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and recurrent abdominal pain in children is still controversial. H. pylori-infected children with recurrent abdominal pain generally do not require treatment. However, benefit of treatment has been known to produce dramatic improvements in some patients. Furthermore, H. pylori-infected is associated with growth retardation, iron deficiency anemia and thrombocytopenia. The objective of this study was to find suggestive parameters for eradication of H. pylori gastritis. From 1992 to 2004, medical records of 42 children diagnosed as having H. pylori infection by endoscopy were retrospectively reviewed. Of those 42 patients, there were 36 patients with H. pylori gastritis without gastric or duodenal ulcer (85.7%), and 6 patients with ulcers (14.3%). Children with H. pylori gastritis were divided into 2 groups: responsive and unresponsive. Data including the duration of abdominal pain, endoscopic finding, histology, treatment, outcome and final diagnosis were collected. Additional data were obtained by telephone and letters. Of 36 patients, there were 24 and 12 patients in responsive and unresponsive groups, respectively. Three patients with anemia were all presented in the responsive group. Those experiencing abdominal pain less than 3 months more commonly belonged to the responsive group (P = 0.21). Marked erythema of gastric mucosa was only seen in the responsive group (P = 0.136). All cases of chronic moderate-active gastritis appeared in the responsive group (p = 0.03). In conclusion, iron deficiency anemia and chronic moderate-active gastritis should be the suggestive parameters for eradication therapy in children with H. pylori gastritis.
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PMID:Suggestive parameters for eradication therapy in children with Helicobacter pylori gastritis. 1685 21

Although most persons with parvovirus B19 infection are asymptomatic or have mild, nonspecific, cold-like symptoms, several clinical conditions have been linked to the virus. Parvovirus B19 usually infects children and causes the classic "slapped-cheek" rash of erythema infectiosum (fifth disease). The virus is highly infectious and spreads mainly through respiratory droplets. By the time the rash appears, the virus is no longer infectious. The virus also may cause acute or persistent arthropathy and papular, purpuric eruptions on the hands and feet ("gloves and socks" syndrome) in adults. Parvovirus B19 infection can trigger an acute cessation of red blood cell production, causing transient aplastic crisis, chronic red cell aplasia, hydrops fetalis, or congenital anemia. This is even more likely in patients with illnesses that have already shortened the lifespan of erythrocytes (e.g., iron deficiency anemia, human immunodeficiency virus, sickle cell disease, thalassemia, spherocytosis). A clinical diagnosis can be made without laboratory confirmation if erythema infectiosum is present. If laboratory confirmation is needed, serum immunoglobulin M testing is recommended for immunocompetent patients; viral DNA testing is recommended for patients in aplastic crisis and for those who are immunocompromised. Treatment is usually supportive, although some patients may require transfusions or intravenous immune globulin therapy. Most patients recover completely.
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PMID:Clinical presentations of parvovirus B19 infection. 1730 69

Knowledge of the anatomy and function of the nail apparatus is essential when performing the physical examination. Inspection may reveal localized nail abnormalities that should be treated, or may provide clues to an underlying systemic disease that requires further workup. Excessive keratinaceous material under the nail bed in a distal and lateral distribution should prompt an evaluation for onychomycosis. Onychomycosis may be diagnosed through potassium hydroxide examination of scrapings. If potassium hydroxide testing is negative for the condition, a nail culture or nail plate biopsy should be performed. A proliferating, erythematous, disruptive mass in the nail bed should be carefully evaluated for underlying squamous cell carcinoma. Longitudinal melanonychia (vertical nail bands) must be differentiated from subungual melanomas, which account for 50 percent of melanomas in persons with dark skin. Dystrophic longitudinal ridges and subungual hematomas are local conditions caused by trauma. Edema and erythema of the proximal and lateral nail folds are hallmark features of acute and chronic paronychia. Clubbing may suggest an underlying disease such as cirrhosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or celiac sprue. Koilonychia (spoon nail) is commonly associated with iron deficiency anemia. Splinter hemorrhages may herald endocarditis, although other causes should be considered. Beau lines can mark the onset of a severe underlying illness, whereas Muehrcke lines are associated with hypoalbuminemia. A pincer nail deformity is inherited or acquired and can be associated with beta-blocker use, psoriasis, onychomycosis, tumors of the nail apparatus, systemic lupus erythematosus, Kawasaki disease, and malignancy.
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PMID:Evaluation of nail abnormalities. 2253 87

Sarcina ventriculi is a Gram positive organism, which has been reported to be found rarely, in the gastric specimens of patients with gastroparesis. Only eight cases of Sarcina, isolated from gastric specimens have been reported so far. Sarcina has been implicated in the development of gastric ulcers, emphysematous gastritis and gastric perforation. We report a case of 73-year-old male, with history of prior Billroth II surgery and truncal vagotomy, who presented for further evaluation of iron deficiency anemia. An upper endoscopy revealed diffuse gastric erythema, along with retained food. Biopsies revealed marked inflammation with ulcer bed formation and presence of Sarcina organisms. The patient was treated with ciprofloxacin and metronidazole for 1 wk, and a repeat endoscopy showed improvement of erythema, along with clearance of Sarcina organisms. Review of reported cases including ours suggests that Sarcina is more frequently an innocent bystander rather than a pathogenic organism. However, given its association with life threatening illness in two reported cases, it may be prudent to treat with antibiotics and anti-ulcer therapy, until further understanding is achieved.
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PMID:Sarcina ventriculi of the stomach: a case report. 2359 57

Iron supplementation is ubiquitously prescribed and considered a benign means of therapy. However, side effects such as iron pill gastritis can be life threatening prompting discontinuation. We describe a case of a 71-year-old man who presents with severe iron deficiency anemia on oral iron therapy. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed mucosal injury in the fundus, including erythema and ulceration. Biopsy of the area was significant for pill debris. After switching to intravenous iron supplementation, his gastric mucosa healed and anemia improved. This case demonstrates the rare life-threatening side effect of iron pills causing corrosive mucosal damage and significant anemia from gastrointestinal bleeding.
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PMID:Iron pill induced gastritis causing severe anemia. 3246 1