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Query: UMLS:C0162316 (iron deficiency anemia)
 3,806 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One of the most important factors for the proliferation and hemoglobin synthesis of erythroid cells is iron atom. This atom is tightly bound to serum transferrin (Tf) and is taken up by erythroblasts and reticulocytes through transferrin receptor (TfR). Both Tf and TfR are reutilizable and have roles for the efficient intracellular accumulation of iron. In addition to the reutilization (recycling), the expression of TfR is also regulated by cytoplasmic iron concentration; the increase of iron downregulate the synthesis of TfR at the translational level and vice versa. This mechanism was recently explained by the binding between "iron responsive element (IRE)" in the 5' end of TfR mRNA and IRE binding protein by a transacting manner. Johnstone et al, and we found that TfR was externalized from sheep reticulocyte and human erythroleukemia cell, K562, respectively. Furthermore, we confirmed that this shed TfR was detected in blood and concluded that the quantitation of TfR in serum is a useful index for evaluating the erythropoiesis. The serum TfR was increased in iron deficiency anemia, hemolytic anemia and polycythemia and was decreased in aplastic anemia. In renal anemia, it was increased after the administration of erythropoietin (Epo). By the in vitro liquid culture of peripheral blood stem cells using interleukin 3 and Epo, it was found that soluble TfR was derived from the erythroblasts during the maturation process.
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PMID:[Expression and extracellular release of transferrin receptors on erythropoiesis]. 189 Jul 32

Iron is essential for human metabolism. Under normal circumstances its homeostasis is strictly kept by absorption and excretion through genitourinary, gastrointestinal tracts and skin losses. In several systemic disorders, dietary iron is insufficient to keep such a dynamic balance: development of iron deficiency may be due to increased requirements, decreased intestinal absorption, inadequate dietary uptake. Low birth weight newborns, children and adolescents are at increased risk for developing iron deficiency. Although clinical aspects may vary, hematochemical findings show a three-step gradual progression. In a first step iron deficiency is diagnosed by serum ferritin level which will be under 10-20/micrograms/ml showing a depletion of total body iron stores. In a second step progressing iron deficiency will be assessed by lowered serum iron and increased unsaturated serum transferrin, serum iron bound to transferrin and erythrocyte protoporphyrin IX. Scanty clinical signs are still available. In a third step while clinical findings show a complete features of iron deficiency anemia (weakness, fatigue, palpitations, etc.), laboratory findings show morphologic alterations in red cells (hypochromia and microcytemia), together with the aforementioned disorders in ferrokinetics. Iron deficiency anemia responds very effectively to treatment due a correct etiological diagnosis, crucial to a through therapy tending to first eliminating the causes of it. Prophylaxis against iron deficiency anemia is required in prematurely born and low birth weight infants because of doubled iron requirements. After the second month of life diet is supplemented with 2-4 mg/kg/die of ferrous iron orally along the first year of life.
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PMID:[Iron deficiency in children: which is the correct therapy?]. 189 80

A ferrokinetic study was performed in 79 patients, 25 with absolute polycythaemia, 19 with relative polycythaemia and 35 presenting anaemia of different aetiology. The incorporation of transferrin into the erythron (ITE) was estimated on each case. The mean ITE values found in absolute primary and secondary polycythaemia and in secondary polycythaemia were, respectively, 281 +/- 85, 181 +/- 99 and 74 +/- 19 mumol/L tb/d (i.e., micromoles per litre of total blood per day). The mean ITE in iron deficiency anaemia was 110 +/- 43 mumol/L tb/d, in haemolytic anaemia this was 274 +/- 151 mumol/L tb/d, and in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes such values was 116 +/- 49 mumol/L tb/d. Significant differences were found for each group of patients with respect to a normal control group. Such findings are in accordance with the pathophysiology of the different pathologies studied. The values found in haemolytic anaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes are similar to those reported by others. The results of this study stress the advantages of evaluating the erythropoietic activity of the bone marrow by means of the ITE.
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PMID:[Incorporation of transferrin into the erythron in anemic and polycythemic conditions]. 194 36

The objective of this study was to evaluate the benefit of screening for anemia in infants in relation to their previous diet. The iron status of 854 9-month old infants on 3 different feeding regimens and on a regimen including iron dextran infection was determined by analysis of hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels and of serum transferrin saturation. Infants were categorized as having iron deficiency if 2 or 3 of the 3 biochemical test results were abnormal; if the hemoglobin level was 110 gm/L, then a diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia was also made. The prevalence of iron deficiency was highest in infants who were fed cow's milk formula without added iron (37.5%), intermediate in the group fed human milk (26.5%), much lower in those fed cow's milk formula with added iron (8.0%), and virtually absent in those injected with iron dextran (1.3%). The corresponding values for iron deficiency anemia were 20.2%, 14.7%, 0.6% and 0%, respectively. The use of iron supplements is therefore justified in infants who received cow's milk formula without added iron, even when there is no biochemical evidence of iron deficiency. The low prevalence of iron deficiency in the group fed iron-fortified formula appears to make it unnecessary to screen routinely for anemia in such infants. These results also support the recommendation that infants who receive human milk exclusively for 9 months require an additional source of iron after about 6 months of age.
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PMID:Iron status with different infant feeding regimens: relevance to screening and prevention of iron deficiency. 201 22

To assess the effects of iron therapy on platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and urinary excretion of total metanephrines (MN) in infants and young children with iron deficiency anemia, 24 subjects were tested before and after one month of oral iron treatment. Thirteen healthy children comprised the control group. In the control group, platelet MAO level was 0.21 +/- 0.02 U/mg protein (mean +/- SE), urinary total metanephrine was 2.51 +/- 0.47 micrograms/mg creatinine. In cases with iron deficiency, mean platelet MAO level was 47.6% lower (p less than 0.005) whereas mean urinary metanephrine plus normetanephrine (MN-NMN) was only 20.7% lower (p greater than 0.05) than the control values. After one month, the anemic patients receiving oral iron therapy showed a significant increase in hemoglobin concentration, per cent transferrin saturation and platelet MAO activity (p less than 0.05). However, urinary metanephrine excretion was found to be lower in this group when compared to the metanephrine levels in iron deficiency before the medication (p less than 0.05). Although hemoglobin and transferrin saturation did not return to normal levels, these findings suggested that platelet MAO activity increased and urinary excretion of metanephrines decreased after iron medication.
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PMID:Iron deficiency anemia and catecholamine metabolism. 205 11

Depending upon the transferrin saturation value, 214 serum samples were divided into three groups--iron overloaded (46 cases), iron deficient (61 cases) and normal (107 cases)--and tested with a micromethod based upon detection of unsaturated iron binding capacity. All the samples with iron overload could be distinguished from the other two groups, the results of the normal and iron deficient groups showing wide scatter and overlap. The high prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia and thalassaemia (iron overload) syndromes in India and other developing countries emphasises the need to differentiate these disorders at the earliest opportunity. The micromethod can be of immense help as it is a simple, rapid and inexpensive.
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PMID:Iron overload: detection using a micromethod for iron-binding capacity. 206 80

Livex is a lyophilised preparation of the bovine blood which contains 70% of proteins and 0.3% of iron. Livex was given to 25 patients with iron deficiency anemia (group I), and 25 patients with lymphoreticular malignancies accompanied by iron deficiency with or without anemia. The dose was 5 g t.i.d. for 3 months. The majority of patients of group I were women. Excessive menstrual bleeding and chronic gastritis were most common causes of iron deficiency in this group. Livex statistically significantly increased hemoglobin, hematocrit, corrected reticulocyte count, mean erythrocyte hemoglobin, serum iron, percent transferrin saturation, and leukocyte count. Therapy produced significant increase in serum iron, total iron binding capacity, and percent transferrin saturation in patients with lymphoreticular malignancies.
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PMID:[Effect of livex on hypochromic anemia]. 209 43

Hematological parameters and free eythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) on a capillary blood sample were measured in 175 apparently healthy children ranging from 6 months to six years of age. Thirty eight children had hematological parameters descended and/or FEP elevated were asked to return for blood counts, FEP, serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron binding, capacity, transferrin saturation and ALA-D activity, on a venous blood sample. Only 34 children returned. Twenty seven, 15.4%, had iron stores descended or iron deficiency, 18 of them with anemia. FEP had significant correlation coefficients with hematologic parameters (p less than 0.001), serum iron and transferrin saturation (p less than 0.01). On iron deficiency anemia detection, the FEP had a sensibility and specificity of 0.94 and 0.75 respectively.
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PMID:[Usefulness of the determination of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin in relation to other hematologic parameters in iron deficiency]. 227 93

A prospective study was carried out in 83 patients with microcytic anemia. 43 had iron deficiency anemia, 28 had heterozygous beta thalassemia not associated with iron deficiency (beta-THNID) and 12 had both conditions. The behavior of red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW) was evaluated in all patients. RDW was higher in patients with iron deficiency (20.62 +/- 4.64) and beta-THNID (15.76 +/- 1.41) than in controls (13.29 +/- 0.92) (p less than 0.0001 for both comparisons). There also were statistically significant differences (p less than 0.0001) between both patient groups. In patients with both heterozygous beta thalassemia and iron deficiency (beta-THID), RDW reached similar values to those from patients with only iron deficiency anemia. A significant negative correlation was also found between the transferrin saturation index and RDW (r = -0.614, p less than 0.02). In 34 patients controlled during iron replacement therapy a significant increase of RDW was found after one month of treatment, while hemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular volume became normal. When 18 was taken as cutoff value for RDW, its positive predictive value was very high in iron deficiency (95%), while it was only 59% in beta-THNID. England's index may help to differentiate between isolated iron deficiency anemia and beta-THID: in patients with RDW higher than 18, the positive predictive value of England's index was 89% for iron deficiency and 57% for beta-THID.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Amplitude of the distribution of erythrocyte size in the differential diagnosis of microcytic anemia]. 233 71

Many biochemical tests evaluated in young adults are widely used in the elderly without further evaluation. This study, designed to assess the clinical use of transferrin and transferrin saturation in the diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia in the elderly, illustrates how these tests have a lower specificity in this age group, limiting their clinical use. Reasons for the altered results are discussed. If resources are to be used effectively, the usefulness of many investigations in the elderly needs to be examined and suitable age-adjusted reference ranges produced.
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PMID:Diagnostic investigations in the elderly: the clinical usefulness of serum iron and transferrin measurements in the diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia. An audit. 261 Nov 8


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