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Query: UMLS:C0162316 (iron deficiency anemia)
 3,806 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The prevalence and type of nutritional anemia was investigated in 344 children aged 1 to 16 years of mixed race and living in a poor urban setting. Iron deficiency anemia was common in 1-year-old children (23%) as was biochemical evidence of iron deficiency (53%). Anemia rates were minimal in older children and the prevalence of iron deficiency decreased with age. Folate deficiency did not appear to contribute to the etiology of anemia, and nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency was not present. No-relationship could be found between a number of familial variables and hematological nutritional status. It is suggested that to identify families whose children are at risk for nutritional anemia new approaches will be needed to define their characteristics.
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PMID:Anemia in urban underprivileged children. Iron, folate, and vitamin B12 nutrition. 86 88

In evaluating pregnant women with anemia, it is essential to do a complete history and physical examination, as well as a complete blood count with indices and a blood smear examination. Based on these findings, other tests such as ferritin and serum or red cell folate may be ordered. Because of the normal physiologic changes in pregnancy that affect the hematocrit, indices, and some other parameters, diagnosing true anemia, as well as the etiology of anemia, is challenging. Because of the increased nutritional requirements of the mother and fetus, the most common anemias are iron deficiency anemia and folate deficiency megaloblastic anemia. These anemias are more common in women who have inadequate diets and who are not receiving prenatal iron and folate supplements. Other less common causes of acquired anemia in pregnancy are aplastic anemia and hemolytic anemia associated with preeclampsia. In addition, congenital anemias such as sickle cell disease can impact on the health of the mother and fetus. Obviously, severe anemia has adverse effects on the mother and the fetus. There is also evidence that less severe anemia is associated with poor pregnancy outcome. The cause of this association has yet to be elucidated. It is important, however, to diagnose and treat anemia in pregnancy to provide for optimal health of the mother and infant.
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PMID:Anemia in pregnancy. 157 61

The findings on dumping syndrome (DS) are not consistent considering its relations with age, sex, weight/height, smoking habits, race, dose of oral glucose, the time elapsed since surgery, the function of exocrine pancreas nor the duration of ulcer symptoms. The patients after total gastrectomy (TG) may present relative postprandial lack of insulin. As a sign of long-term hyperglycemia elevated HbA1 has been measured in DS patients. Oral galactose test may reveal new features of DS. Abnormalities in splanchnic blood circulation as well as release of intestinal hormones are involved with DS. Dietary habits including fibers, pectin and guar gum, play a central role in the prevention and treatment of DS. In unresponsive cases several operative methods have been applied with success. Alkaline reflux gastritis is most often seen after B II and I reconstructions and after pyloroplasty. Chronic diarrhea follows mostly after truncal vagotomy. Ten to 50% of patients after gastrectomy (GE) waste 10 to 20% of their body weight because of decreased food, energy, vitamin and mineral intake caused by eating-related symptoms. Vitamin and mineral supplements, a small snack 20 min before the major meal, digestive enzymes, treatment of colonization with antibiotics and protein foods may help. About 50% of GE patients show iron deficiency anemia. Easily dissolved iron between meals with ascorbic acid give the most effective response. Deficiency of vitamin B12 or of folate may develop as megaloblastic anemia. B12 supplement and antibiotics are effective in bacterial overgrowth, but surgical correction is necessary in troublesome blind loop. Folic acid deficiency is corrected by oral folic acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Metabolic problems after gastric surgery. 218 Aug 35

The aetiology of severe anaemia (haemoglobin less than 7.0 g dl-1) has been studied in 37 pregnant Zambians. Aetiology was usually multiple; 31 (84%) had Plasmodium falciparum malaria, 23 (62%) were folate deficient, 13 (35%) were iron deficient, one had sickle-cell anaemia and one had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Folate deficiency was most often secondary to malarial haemolysis: iron deficiency was nutritional, but hookworm was contributory in about one-third of patients. The anaemia of malaria and folate deficiency was both more common and more severe than anaemia due to iron deficiency; it was seen in younger women although primigravidae were not over-represented, it occurred earlier in pregnancy, and was associated with low birthweight. AIDS must now be included in the differential diagnosis of anaemia in pregnancy. Vigorous antimalarial treatment and prophylaxis are essential in the management and prevention of anaemia in pregnancy. Total dose iron infusion is indicated only when severe iron deficiency anaemia has been proven, and must be accompanied by antimalarial therapy and folic acid supplements. Because of the risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, it is more important than ever to prevent anaemia and malaria in pregnancy, and to give blood transfusion only as a life-saving treatment.
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PMID:The aetiology of severe anaemia in pregnancy in Ndola, Zambia. 268 77

Iron deficiency anemia has more serious consequences on the health of people in developing than developed nations. In Karachi Pakistan 300 subjects were examined to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia: 100 children (49 males and 51 females) aged 2-6 years; 100 females aged 17-21 years with no history of pregnancy; and 100 females aged 25-35 with at least 1 prior pregnancy. Most subjects came from the lower to middle income groups, with only 10% from the higher income bracket. Blood samples were taken to measure serum ferratin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), red cell indices and films. Results showed that anemia was present in 47% of the children, a 30% of the adult females. More than half of both children and adult females had serum ferritin levels measuring below normal. Elevated iron binding capacity and reduced serum iron levels were found in many subjects. In the children, iron deficiency may be superimposed on folate deficiency. As a result, low levels of serum ferritin go hand in hand with iron depletion, and this is directly dependent upon the diet and socioeconomic conditions of the populace.
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PMID:Iron depletion and anaemia: prevalence, consequences, diagnostic and therapeutic implications in a developing Pakistani population. 362 93

Four women with classic phenylketonuria (blood phenylalanine greater than 1200 mumol/L) were given a phenylalanine-restricted diet; three also received L-tyrosine supplements. Biochemical measures of nutrition were normal except for iron deficiency anemia, and in one woman folate deficiency. One pregnancy in which treatment began before conception and another treated from 8 weeks gestation, both with blood phenylalanine levels maintained at 120 to 730 mumol/L, resulted in normal newborn infants whose postnatal growth and development have also been normal. A third pregnancy, treated from 6 gestational weeks, was marked by poor dietary compliance until the middle of the second trimester; fetal microcephaly was identified by ultrasonography at 28 weeks but not at 21 weeks. The child has microcephaly and motor delay. The fourth pregnancy, not treated until the third trimester, produced a child with microcephaly, mental retardation, hyperactivity, and neurologic deficits. It is likely that fetal damage from maternal phenylketonuria can be largely and perhaps entirely prevented by dietary therapy, but therapy must begin before conception for the best chance of a normal infant.
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PMID:New England Maternal PKU Project: prospective study of untreated and treated pregnancies and their outcomes. 381 40

Of the 85 female marathon runners examined in this study, 14 (16%) had serum ferritin levels below 40 ng/ml but only two (2%) had iron deficiency anaemia (haemoglobin below 12 g/dl); 28 (33%) had serum folate levels below 4.8 ng/ml and of these two (2%) had haemoglobin levels below 12 g/dl and 13 (15%) had mean corpuscular volumes greater than 95 fl. One week after treatment with oral folate (5 mg/day) or iron (50 mg of elemental iron/day), serum ferritin and folate levels were normal but maximum oxygen uptake, maximum treadmill running time, peak blood lactate levels and the running speed at the blood 'lactate turnpoint' were not changed from values measured during an identical test performed 1 week earlier. These parameters were also unchanged in a third exercise test performed after a further 10 weeks of treatment. Serum folate or serum ferritin levels in a control (placebo-treated) group with initially high serum ferritin or folate levels fell with placebo treatment but maximum treadmill running time, maximum oxygen uptake values, peak blood lactate levels and the running speed at the blood 'lactate turnpoint' were unchanged. We conclude that biochemical evidence of iron and folate deficiency is relatively common in female distance runners; that 1 week of treatment corrects the biochemical evidence of folate and iron deficiency but that such treatment does not influence maximal exercise performance nor does it alter blood lactate levels during exercise. In the absence of iron deficiency anaemia, iron therapy for reduced serum ferritin levels, or folate therapy for low serum folate levels, may not improve maximal treadmill performance even in trained runners.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The effect of iron and folate therapy on maximal exercise performance in female marathon runners with iron and folate deficiency. 382 89

Among 990 young male adolescents studied, only 7 were anemic. Three of the anemics had beta-thalassemia trait and 4 had probable alpha-thalassemia trait. Forty-six individuals with hemoglobinopathies were detected: 29 with probable alpha-thalassemia trait, 10 with beta-thalassemia trait and 7 with heterozygous HbE. Heterozygous alpha and beta-thalassemia occurred predominantly in Chinese while heterozygous HbE was found entirely in Malays. There were no cases of established iron deficiency anemia and only 1 had iron deficient erythropoiesis. Folate deficiency occurred only in 8 subjects with thalassemia traits, and no vitamin B12 deficiency was detected.
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PMID:Anemia in male adolescents in Singapore. 620 55

Patients with subnormal serum vitamin B12 concentrations were tested for absorption of protein bound vitamin B12 and compared with controls. Absorption of the protein bound vitamin appeared to decrease with increasing age in healthy subjects. Differences between the result of this test and the result of the Schilling test in patients who had undergone gastric surgery were confirmed; such differences were also seen in some patients who had iron deficiency anaemia, an excessive alcohol intake, or folate deficiency. Defective absorption was also found in six patients with an adequate dietary intake of vitamin B12, normal Schilling test results, low serum vitamin concentrations, and tissue changes responding to treatment with vitamin B12. Malabsorption of the vitamin from protein bound sources, which is not detected by the Schilling test, may produce vitamin B12 deficiency of clinical importance.
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PMID:Malabsorption of protein bound vitamin B12. 642 28

New automated blood cell analyzers provide an index of red cell volume distribution width (RDW) or heterogeneity and a histogram display of red cell volume distribution. We have developed a classification of red cell disorders, based on mean corpuscular volume (MCV) or red cell size, heterogeneity, and histograms, to guide diagnosis from the peripheral blood analysis. The distinction of iron deficiency anemia from heterozygous thalassemia or the anemia of chronic disease and the detection of early iron and folate deficiency is improved. Red cell volume distribution histograms identify red cell fragmentation or agglutination, dimorphic populations, and artifactual counting of lymphocytes as red cells. We recommend the use of these new variables in the initial classification of anemia by the practicing physician.
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PMID:Improved classification of anemias by MCV and RDW. 688 Oct 96


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