Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0162275 (ketonuria)
 553 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Occupational exposure to isopropanol was studied in 12 workers by testing environmental air, alveolar air, venous blood, and urine during their work shift. Isopropanol, which ranged in environmental air between 7 and 645 mg/m3, was detected in alveolar air, where it ranged between 4 and 437 mg/m3, but not in blood or in urine. Alveolar isopropanol concentration (Ca) was significantly correlated with environmental isopropanol concentration (Ci) at any time of exposure. The value of the arithmetical Ca/ci ratio was 0.418 (SD 0.101). Acetone, which is a metabolite of isopropanol, was found in alveolar air, blood, and urine in concentrations that were higher during exposure than before. Alveolar and blood acetone concentrations were highly correlated with alveolar isopropanol concentrations at any time during exposure. Acetone ranged between 0.76 and 15.6 mg/l in blood, between 4 and 93 micrograms/l in alveolar air, and between 0.85 and 53.7 mg/l in urine. Alveolar (Ca) and blood (Cb) acetone concentrations were highly correlated (r = 0.67), with a Cb/Ca ratio of 101. Alveolar isopropanol uptake ranged between 0.03 and 6.8 mg/min and was highly correlated with environmental isopropanol concentration (r = 0.92). During exposure, acetone eliminated by the lungs ranged between 20 and 273 mg in seven hours and in urine between 0.3 and 9.6 mg in seven hours. Acetonuria was higher the next morning than at the end of exposure.
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PMID:Isopropanol exposure: environmental and biological monitoring in a printing works. 683 Jul 11

The symptoms and clinical course of repeated poisonings with isopropyl alcohol in ethanol addicted 43-years old man is presented in the study. The blood and urine concentrations of isopropanol and acetone and also the blood ethanol concentration are given. The biological half-life of isopropanol calculated for the first 12 hours from admission to the Clinic was 6.9 hours. The biological half-life of acetone in the first 6 hours of hospitalisation was 5 hours, and then a considerable slowing down up to 29 hours was noted. The clinical symptoms, similar to ethanol poisoning, including strongly manifested catatonia and ketonuria without metabolic acidosis indicate the isopropanol intoxication. Hypokalemia should to be taken into consideration in treatment of isopropanol poisoning. An intravenous bicarbonates should be administered carefully e.g. when rhabdomyolysis occur.
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PMID:[Acute oral poisoning with isopropyl alcohol in alcoholics]. 933 2

18-year-old man was found at the street in an unconsious state and brought to Department of Acute Poisonings with suspicion of unknown xenobiotic ingestion. There was no reliable informations concerning poisoning circumstances. On admission patient was confused and unable to answer questions; physical examination revealed symptoms resembling ethanol intoxication. Results of laboratory tests (e.g., ketonemia and lack of abnormalities of gasometric parameters; ethanol, methanol and ethylene glycol in blood and urine were absent) enabled to presume acute poisoning with isopropyl alcohol. According to informations obtained from patient's parents he had drunk unknown amount of liquid using as printing machine cleaner. During next hours rising acetone concentration in blood (1.7 g/l--4 hours after admission, 2.4 g/l--12 hours after admission) and ketonuria were observed. There was no possibility to evaluate level of isopropanol in blood and urine up to 12 hours after admission--gas chromatography performed at that time revealed lack of isopropanol both in blood and urine. Liquid brought by patient's parents was identified (on gas chromatography) as isopropyl alcohol. Patient was directed to be treated on hemodialysis, because of high concentration acetone in blood. After 16 hours--long hemodialysis patient came back to Department of Acute Poisonings. 3 days later patient left hospital in good condition.
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PMID:[How to differentiate acute isopropanol poisoning from ethanol intoxication? -- a case report]. 1119 95

Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) is widely used in industrial and home-cleaning products, easily available to general public and inexpensive: intoxications can occur unintentionally, in suicide attempts or by alcohol abusers as a substitute for ethanol. Symptoms involve the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system and at high doses cardiovascular manifestations may appear. Ketonemia, ketonuria without hyperglicemia or acidosis and elevated osmol gap are common laboratory findings. Mortality and morbidity is low, but some fatal cases have been reported in patients in deep coma and especially those with hypotension. We present a life-threatening intoxication, with deep coma and hypotension, treated successfully with hemodialysis. Whether hemodialysis must always be performed is a controversial question. Our opinion is hemodialysis is not needed, even in life-threatening situations. Arguments about this opinion are presented.
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PMID:Life-threatening isopropyl alcohol intoxication: is hemodialysis really necessary? 1548 56

1-Propanol and 2-propanol are isomers of an alcohol with three carbons. They are colorless liquids with a sweet odor. 1-Propanol is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase to propionic acid and presents with metabolic acidosis and elevated anion gap, whereas 2-propanol is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase to acetone and presents with rapidly developing (within 3-4 h after exposure) ketosis and ketonuria but without metabolic acidosis. We report a patient who simultaneously ingested a lethal dose of 1-propanol and 2-propanol as a hand disinfectant in hospital. The patient lost consciousness and stopped breathing within half an hour after ingestion. He was intubated and artificially ventilated. Initial laboratory results showed mixed acidosis with elevated anion gap, but ketonuria appeared only 12 h after admission and 6 h following the regaining of consciousness. Therefore, laboratory results in simultaneous poisoning with two isomers of alcohol are not just a sum of laboratory results obtained in isolated poisoning with each isomer because they influence each other's metabolism: 1-propanol retards the metabolism of 2-propanol to acetone. In conclusion, 1-propanol and 2-propanol poisoning presents early with mixed acidosis and elevated anion gap and only later with ketonuria.
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PMID:Poisoning with 1-propanol and 2-propanol. 1837 43

Isopropyl alcohol is a relatively common source of clinical intoxication. It is usually suspected when a patient presents with high serum or urine ketones and a high osmolar gap without acidosis. Acute renal failure due to isopropyl alcohol ingestion is rare. We describe a patient with isopropyl alcohol ingestion who presented with renal failure, but with a false elevation of serum creatinine secondary to interference by acetone with the colorimetric assay for creatinine. We highlight the use of blood gas analyzers, which use an enzymatic assay, thus avoiding acetone interference, as a quick method to correctly estimate the serum creatinine concentration and avoid labeling the patient as having acute renal failure.
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PMID:Isopropyl alcohol ingestion presenting as pseudorenal failure due to acetone interference. 1959 96