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Query: UMLS:C0162275 (ketonuria)
 553 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A glucid-lipid and protein compound nutriment: Trive 1000 was administered to 53 patients during the first three postoperative days in varying doses: -1.000 ml per day to a first group -1.500 ml per day to a second group. The local tolerance was quite good. However, a few accidents of a general character were noted: they were due to a great extent to a non-observance of the rules of preservation. A study of the glucides, in Sorbitol form, showed a good assimilation of the substratum. Glycemia remaining within normal, no glycosuria or ketonuria could be observed. The assimilation of the proteins seemed on the whole satisfactory. No important rise in the blood urea was noted. Nitrogen balances showed that, thanks to this nutriment, almost half of them were positive during the post-aggressive period. The more important the dose of Trive 1000, the more positive the nitrogen balances were. The administration of lipids did not reveal any significant change in the total lipids, triglycerides or cholesterol. A study of the graphic record of lipid levels showed chylomicrons twice. On the opposite, lipoproteins were hardly modified apart from a significant in pre-beta lipoproteins. The quantitative analysis of amino-acids proved interesting. A comparative study of amino-acids both in blood and urine before and after the administration of Trive 1000 showed very little variations in connection with essential amino-acids. If the proportions in the blood of non-essential amino-acids were comparatively but little modified before and after the treatment, on the oppostie, the urinary clearance rate of the same amino-acids after treatment was far more variable and often quite important as far as certain amino-acids were concerned.
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PMID:[Contribution to the study of Trive 1000]. 0 20

Nitrogen (N) sparing and even equilibrium have been achieved in obese subjects with all-protein weight-reducing very low energy diets (VLED) apparently independently of the content of essential amino acids. This study assessed whether the metabolic response observed at week 3 of an all-protein VLED with 46% of amino acids (aa) as essential was modified during week 4, when consuming a protein source that provided 16% of amino acids as essential. Six healthy obese subjects (BMI: 35.3 +/- 1.3 kg/m2, weight 90 +/- 9 kg) were given a 1.72 MJ (400 kcal) all protein (93 g) VLED and a multi-vitamin-mineral supplement daily for four weeks. During weeks 1 to 3, the protein was casein-soy (46% essential aa) and during week 4, tryptophan- and methionine-supplemented collagen hydrolysate (16% essential aa). At week 3, decreases in plasma glucose, insulin, cholesterol, blood pH and bicarbonate, and increases in plasma free fatty acids, serum urea, uric acid and blood and urine ketones occurred compared to baseline. These adaptations were unchanged at week 4. N balance returned toward equilibrium by day 23 remaining at values close to 0 despite the change in diet composition. Mean negative N balance did not differ between weeks 3 and 4 (-1.1 +/- 0.5 g vs. -0.6 +/- 0.5 g/day) and neither did mean urinary ammonium N excretion (0.71 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.73 +/- 0.07 g/day). Urinary urea N excretion tended to increase with the collagen-based diet reflecting the greater proportion of N in this protein source (18 vs. 15%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The metabolic response to two very low energy diets (VLED) of differing amino acid composition during weight reduction. 133 70

A modification of the urine osmolal gap was evaluated as an estimate of urine [NH4+]. We proposed that: Urine [NH4+] = Urine osmolality - [2(Na+ + K+) + urea + glucose]/2 Spot urine samples were collected from normal volunteers and from individuals with ketonuria; the modified urine osmolal gap as well as two other previously described estimates of urine [NH4+] were compared with measured urine [NH4+]. There was a significant positive linear correlation between the urine [NH4+] and the modified urine osmolal gap in normal volunteers (r = 0.81; p less than 0.01) and in individuals with ketonuria (r = 0.93; p less than 0.001). The originally described urine osmolal gap greatly overestimated the urine [NH4+] but also showed a significant correlation. The urine anion gap was not a valid estimate of urine [NH4+] within the range of values measured in our subjects. The modified urine osmolal gap is an improvement over previously described estimates of urine [NH4+] and can be used as a single calculation in place of the other two.
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PMID:A modification of the urine osmolal gap: an improved method for estimating urine ammonium. 208 Jul 86

A 15-year-old male was admitted to the hospital because of a disturbance of consciousness. He was in good mental and physical condition until the previous day, when he vomited and experienced a reduction of consciousness. He was brought to the hospital the day following the onset of symptoms. On admission the patient was stuporous. Neurological focal signs were not demonstrated. Computed tomographic (CT) scanning on admission showed no definite abnormality. Cerebrosprinal fluid had no pleocytosis. At this time, Reye's syndrome was suspected because of the acute change of consciousness and the presence of hyperammonemia. The disturbance of consciousness progressed and he became comatose on the day following admission. CT scanning showed that the suprasellar, ambient and quadrigeminal cisterns could almost not be detected and the bilateral ventricles were narrowed. The plasma aminogram demonstrated an elevation of alanine, lysine, glutamine, glutamic acid, aspartate and proline. Ketonuria was negative, but the urinary excretion of orotic acid was markedly increased. This data was indicative of the existence of an ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency. The patient was died on the third day after hospitalization. The OTC activity in the liver was 10% of normal. Activities of other enzymes in the urea cycle were within normal limits. It is unusual that the symptoms of the enzyme deficiency occurred, both acutely and late at an adult age, as in this case. This case demonstrates that OTC deficiency should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hyperammonemia of adult onset.
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PMID:A case of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency with acute and late onset simulating Reye's syndrome in an adult male. 225 72

On a farm where the ration of cows contained 88.0 g of butyric acid, an experimental group of cows (n = 8), producing milk containing 7.9 mg or more acetone per litre, was studied for 14 days for the effect of a 250 g supplement of sodium acetate to the ration (combined with single i.m. administration of vitamins A, D2 and E) on selected metabolism parameters and on milk production. As distinct from the control group of cows (n = 8) from the same farm which produced milk containing 3.9 mg or less acetone per litre and which were fed without sodium acetone supplements, a tendency of increased alkaemia of the organism was suggested in the experimental cows. This tendency manifested itself during the trial in increased pH values, increased base excess (BE) and standard bicarbonate (SB) in the blood, and in an increase in the pH value and net acido basic secretion in urine. A decrease was recorded in the concentration of the acetone + acetacetic acid sum, the same as beta-hydroxybutyric acid in blood and the sum of acetone and acetacetic acid in milk (P less than 0.01). An insignificant increase of the activity of gammaglutamyl transpeptidase (GMT) was recorded in the blood serum of the experimental cows and a significant increase occurred in the content of potassium (up to P less than 0.01) and urea (up to P less than 0.01) in urine. The supplement of sodium acetate to the feed ration did not influence the degree of ketonuria and the finding of urobilinogen in urine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Use of sodium acetate in feed rations in ketotic cows]. 258 30

In the years 1983-1986 in the Department of Infectious Diseases Medical Academy in Cracow 189 adult patients were treated for salmonellosis. A significant rise was noted in the number of cases in recent years. The most frequent pathogen was Salmonella enteritidis. The clinical pattern of salmonellosis was similar to that described in preceding years. The disease was associated with increased urea level and decreased sodium level in serum, appearance of young cell forms in white blood cell count, and acetonuria. Most convalescents were discharged with positive results of stool cultures.
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PMID:[Salmonella food poisoning treated at the Infectious Disease Clinic, Institute of Internal Medicine, Medical Academy, in Cracow 1983-1986]. 261 7

In order to study the effects of infusions of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) in newborns (2 to 4 weeks old), we administered these fats to patients requiring short-term (48 h) parenteral nutrition. The regimens provided glucose (10 g.kg-1 B.W..24 h), amino acids (1 g.kg-1 B.W..24 h), and, between 8.00 a.m. and 8.00 p.m. of each day, a 10% fat emulsion (1.5 g triglycerides.kg-1 B.W.). The one group (n = 10) received an emulsion containing long-chain triglycerides (LCTs), while the other group (n = 12) was given an MCT/LCT emulsion. No adverse reaction related to either emulsion occurred. Plasma Na, K, Ca and Cl levels and the capillary gasometry did not change during the trials. Plasma triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, and free glycerol were increased immediately at the end of the lipid infusion. Concerning triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids, the increase was greater with the MCT/LCT emulsion than with the LCT emulsion but all values returned to normal within 12 h after the end of the fat infusion. The blood ketone body concentrations did not change and there was no ketonuria. Under our conditions, the MCT/LCT emulsion maintained the plasma glucose and urea levels better than the LCT emulsion.
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PMID:Medium-chain triglycerides in parenteral nutrition in the newborn: a short-term clinical trial. 313 86

The metabolic effects of oral ingestion of minute quantities of carbohydrate during prolonged starvation were studied in nine obese subjects. Measurements were made during a control period of total starvation, during the ingestion of 7.5 g carbohydrate daily, and finally during the ingestion of 15.0 g carbohydrate daily. Daily ketoacid excretion fell after carbohydrate ingestion and was significantly correlated (r = 0.62, P < 0.01) with the amount of carbohydrate administered. Despite this fall in ketoacids, the concentration of blood ketoacids, plasma free fatty acids, and serum insulin remained constant throughout the study. Urinary ammonium excretion, closely correlated with ketoacid output (r = 0.95, P < 0.001), also fell significantly after carbohydrate ingestion. No significant changes were present in extracellular or urinary pH. Urea nitrogen excretion did not change when urinary ammonium output fell. These results indicate that: the excretion of ketoacids and ammonium in starving man is exquisitely sensitive to minute amounts of ingested carbohydrate; the change in ketonuria appears to be due to increased renal ketoacid reabsorption after carbohydrate ingestion; and the nitrogen-sparing effect of reducing renal ammonium output in starvation can be dissociated from nitrogen sparing occurring because of changes in urine urea excretion.
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PMID:The effect of carbohydrates on ammonium and ketoacid excretion during starvation. 505 66

The effects of late pregnancy on metabolic fuels, liver composition, gluconeogenesis, and nitrogen metabolism have been examined in fed and fasted rats. Plasma free fatty acid (FFA) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) are greater and glucose and ketones are lower in fed 19-day pregnant than they are in agematched virgin rats. A 48 hr fast elicits greater increases in FFA and ketones and more profound reductions in glucose in the pregnant rats and obliterates the differences in IRI. Fetal weight is not modified by such fasting but maternal weight losses exceed that of the nongravid rats. Livers from rats 19 days pregnant contain more and larger hepatocytes. Per mumole hepatic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-phosphorus, water and protein are more abundant, whereas glycogen is unaffected. Livers from fed pregnant rats contain more lipid phosphorus and less neutral lipid fatty acid. After a 48 hr fast, hepatic steatosis supervenes in gravid animals due to accumulated neutral fat. The contents of hepatic acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and citric acid are not different in fed pregnant and virgin rats but are greater in the pregnant rats after fasting. Formation of glucose-(14)C and glycogen-(14)C from administered pyruvate-(14)C are the same in fed pregnant and virgin rats, but greater in the pregnant ones after a 24 or 48 hr fast. Pregnancy does not affect creatinine excretion, and urinary urea is not different in fed pregnant, virgin, and postpartum animals. Contrariwise, more nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus are excreted by the pregnant animals during a 2 day fast. The increment in urinary nitrogen is due largely to urea on the 1st day, whereas heightened ammonia accounts for half the increase on the 2nd and correlates with the enhanced ketonuria. Muscle catabolism, gluconeogenesis, and diversion to fat are activated more rapidly and to a greater degree when food is withheld during late gestation in the rat. These catabolic propensities are restrained in the fed state. The capacity for "accelerated starvation" may confer survival benefit upon an intermittently eating mother in the presence of a continuously feeding fetus.
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PMID:Carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy. VI. Plasma fuels, insulin, liver composition, gluconeogenesis, and nitrogen metabolism during late gestation in the fed and fasted rat. 535 39

The metabolic response to human growth hormone (HGH) was studied in five obese subjects in the fed state and during prolonged (5-6 wk) starvation. In the fed state (three subjects), HGH induced an elevation in basal serum insulin concentration, a minimal increase in blood and urine ketone levels, and a marked reduction in urinary nitrogen and potassium excretion resulting in positive nitrogen and potassium balance. In prolonged fasting (four subjects), HGH administration resulted in a 2- to 3-fold increase in serum insulin which preceded a 50% elevation in blood glucose. Persistence of the lipolytic effects of HGH was indicated by a rise in free fatty acids and glycerol. The response differed markedly from the fed state in that blood beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate levels rose by 20-40%, resulting in total blood ketone acid concentrations of 10-12 mmoles/liter, ketonuria of 150-320 mmoles/day, and increased urinary potassium loss. The subjects complained of nausea, vomiting, weakness, and myalgias. Despite a 50% reduction in urea excretion during HGH administration, total nitrogen loss remained unchanged as urinary ammonia excretion rose by 50% and correlated directly with the degree of ketonuria. It is concluded that in prolonged starvation (a) HGH may have a direct insulinotropic effect on the beta cell independent of alterations in blood glucose concentration, (b) persistence of the lipolytic action of HGH results in severe exaggeration of starvation ketosis and interferes with its anticatabolic action by necessitating increased urinary ammonia loss, and (c) failure of HGH to reduce net protein catabolism in starvation suggests that this hormone does not have a prime regulatory role in conserving body protein stores during prolonged fasting.
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PMID:Metabolic response to human growth hormone during prolonged starvation. 554 Jan 76


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