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Query: UMLS:C0162275 (ketonuria)
 553 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cell-mediated immunity was evaluated in 11 children with diabetes mellitus; six children were evaluated during ketoacidosis and five were evaluated with ketonuria in the absence of acidosis. Five of the six ketoacidotic children had at least one positive delayed-hypersensitivity skin test. Lymphocytes from two ketoacidotic patients were unresponsive to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen, and lymphocytes from these two patients plus a third patient were unresponsive to concanavalin A. Lymphocytes from all six patients responded to these three mitogens after one week of therapy. In the five diabetic children without ketoacidosis, lymphocyte responses were normal to all three mitogens. Similarly, the addition of glucose to normal plasma did not alter the lymphocyte transformations of three healthy nondiabetic controls. These data suggest that cell-mediated immunity may be transiently defective in children with acute diabetic ketoacidosis.
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PMID:Abnormalities of in vitro lymphocyte response to mitogens in diabetic children during acute ketoacidosis. 10 85

In order to study hyperlipidemia in diabetes mellitus, rats were made diabetic by administration of streptozotocin and the optimal conditions for production of severe and persistent hyperlipoprotenemia determined. Two groups of rats were compared: rats fed sucrose-rich diets and rats fed laboratory chow. The optimal dose of streptozotocin was 45 mg/kg body weight for the sucrose-fed rats. With this dose, plasma glucose reached a maximum of over 600 mg/100 ml., and plasma insulin was reduced by 60 per cent. Plasma triglycerides rose in the sucrose-fed rats to over 1,000 mg/100 ml. two days after the streptozotocin was given and then decreased to over 770 mg./100 ml. 12 days after treatment and then to 585 mg./100 ml. 10 weeks after induction of diabetes. With this dose, ketonuria did not occur nor did any of the animals die, as occurred with higher doses. In the chow-fed rats, plasma triglyceride levels were elevated with the induction of diabetes to levels of approximately 300 mg./100 ml. The concentration of all the plasma lipoproteins increased with the induction of diabetes. The concentration of very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) protein in the sucrose-fed diabetic increased fivefold, the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) protein increased, and especially striking was the increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) protein concentration, which became more pronounced with the duration of the diabetes. The diabetes produced by streptozotocin administration to sucrose-fed rats, thus, provides a useful model for the study of the hyperlipoproteinemia of diabetes.
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PMID:Hyperlipoproteinemia in streptozotocin-treated rats. 13 80

A 3-yr-old boy was investigated for numerous episodes of fatigue, irritability, pallor, and sweating, which began at 11 mo of age, when he had an episode of symptomatic hypoglycemia with ketonuria. He had euphoria, mental confusion, drowsiness, nausea, and vomiting 1-5 hr after oral administration of glycerol in doses of 0.5-1.0gm/kg. Orally administered MCT (1 gm/kg) had similar effects. On one occasion, oral glycerol also provoked hypoglycemia, as had a 16 1/2 hr fast. Intravenously administered glycerol (0.09 gm/kg) induced an immediate loss of consciousness from which he recovered spontaneously after 30 min; there were no changes in blood glucose values. Intravenously administered fructose (0.25 gm/kg) was tolerated normally. Leukocytes showed normal activities for FDPase, glycerol kinase, and glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase. The restriction of dietary intake of fat has been associated with a marked improvement in physical and mental activities. These observations suggest a unique, yet undifined intolerance to glycerol, which suggest caution in the diagnostic use of glycerol in the investigation of hypoglycemia as well as in the therapy of increased intracranial or intraocular pressure.
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PMID:Glycerol intolerance in a child with intermittent hypoglycemia. 16 54

Spontaneous diabetes mellitus has been documented in a colony of guinea pigs. The contagious nature of the disease has been verified, but the nature of the infectious agent is not known. Animals from the original colony or animals exposed to the colony with normal glucose tolerance tests (GTT) became diabetic, as evidenced by elevated one- and four-hour GTT values, and in most cases have significant glycosuria. The severity of pathologic changes in the pancreatic islets parallel, in general, the severity of the clinical symptoms (glycosuria and abnormal GTT). Those animals with severe glycosuria and elevated FBS as well as one- and four-hour GTT values had the most pronounced degranulation and most prominent cytoplasmic inclusions in islet B cells. The severity of scarring in the islets can be correlated with the duration of the overt diabetic state. The other clinical parameters of note were elevated serum triglycerides, normal serum but elevated aortic cholesterol, and absence of ketonemia or ketonuria. The reproductive capacity of diabetic females was compromised. While the clinical manifestations are mild or variable, the presence of significant islet pathology is reminiscent of human juvenile diabetes mellitus. These findings lend support to the concept that infectious and/or immune mechanisms could be operative in the etiology and pathogenesis of human diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus in the guinea pig. 17 57

The course of illness of a male infant who lived for seven months with a diffuse, nesidioblastic hyperplasia of pancreatic islets is described. Before surgical intervention the diagnosis should be ascertained by 1. observation of acetonuria which is always absent after hypoglycemic episodes, 2, the typical constellation of insulin concentration, free fatty acid concentration and beta-hydroxybutyrat during a hypoglycemia (as found by Baker et al. 1976) and/or by simultaneous measuring of glucose-insulin levels under the conditions of fasting as well as of oral leucine, oral glucose and intravenous tolbutamide loading. Therapy with diazoxide should be tried in any case. If all conservative measure fail and relative or absolute hyperinsulinemia is proved, experience shows that an immediate operation is indicated.
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PMID:[The disease pattern of the diffuse, nesidioblastic hyperplasia of the pancreatic islets in newborn and infants (author's transl)]. 20 43

Spontaneous diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in six of 126, 13-lined ground squirrels, Citellus tridecemlineatus. Serum glucose values were significantly higher in the diabetic ground squirrels than in the non-diabetic ground squirrels, while serum insulin values of fasted diabetic squirrels were significantly lower than fasted nondiabetic ground squirrels. In addition, the classic diabetic signs of poly-dipsia, polyuria, glycosuria, ketonuria, polyphasia, and weight loss were present. The proportion of islet tissue to total pancreatic area in diabetic ground squirrels was less than 25% of that in the nondiabetic ground squirrels. Both the number and size of the islets of Langerhans in diabetic ground squirrels were less than those in nondiabetic ground squirrels.
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus in the 13-lined ground squirrel (Citellus tridecemlineatus). 33 78

Rats and rabbits parenterally treated with a large daily dose of ferric nitrilotriacetate manifested diabetic symptoms such as hypergycemia, glycosuria, ketonemia, and ketonuria after approximately 60 days fo treatment. The blood insulin response to oral glucose loading was poor. Heavy iron deposits were found in liver parenchymal cells and in pancreatic exocrine cells, although some iron was deposited in the macrophages and reticuloendothelial cells of the organs. Faint iron staining was found in some pancreatic islet cells, with a reduction in beta granules and weak zinc staining. Cirrhotic liver changes and skin pigment deposition were not observed. Repeated blood withdrawals from ferric-nitrilotriacetate-treated animals resulted in disappearance of hypergycmia, glycosuria, ketonemia, and ketonuria; disappearance of iron from the liver and pancreas; and restoration of islet beta granules to the control level.
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PMID:Induction of diabetes in animals by parenteral administration of ferric nitrilotriacetate. A model of experimental hemochromatosis. 37 94

Four patients from a larger group of 18 patients receiving dextrose-free isotonic (3%) amino acid solution as nutritional support, form the basis of this report. An additional seven patients received intravenous isotonic (5%) dextrose as their sole support in the postoperative period following major elective surgery (average nitrogen balance = -12.3 +/- 2.7 g). All patients were well-nourished as determined by anthropometric measurements. The nonseptic patients receiving infusions of isotonic amino acids demonstrated an improvement in nitrogen balance (= delta 8.5 +2, P less than 0.001) when compared to the postoperative use of 100 to 150 g of glucose. However, sepsis produced a decreased net utilization of the infused crystalline amino acids such that nitrogen balance was similar to the intravenous glucose group (- 10.6 +/- 2.1). This septic response was associated with decreased plasma free fatty acid concentrations and the absence of starvation ketosis and ketonuria. While the nitrogen balance was not different in the septic and the dextrose control groups, deficiencies in plasma amino acid concentrations were observed in the group receiving intravenous infusion of glucose.
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PMID:Effect of deep surgical sepsis on protein-sparing therapies and nitrogen balance. 40 78

Physiological and behavioral responses of adult hamsters to starvation were studied by measuring food intake, weight recovery, serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, free fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate, and ketonuria in animals subjected to different weight losses, diets, and durations of fast. Hamsters were debilitated by fasts longer than 12 h or leading to greater than 20% weight loss. Hamsters' feeding patterns were unmodified by fasts ranging between 5 and 12 h and showed no circadian periodicity. Hamsters predominantly recovered from weight losses without increasing their food consumption (unless they were offered a diet of pellets and seeds) and without changing their meal patterns, at a rate of weight gain proportional to the magnitude of preceding weight loss if provided with uninterrupted access to food. By 8 h of fast, blood metabolites were indicative of mobilization of body fat. Hamsters are thus behaviorally unresponsive to duration of fast, but compensate physiologically for weight losses with proportional increases in the rate of weight gain.
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PMID:Physiological and behavioral responses to starvation in the golden hamster. 42 Feb 82

In 35 children with long-standing diabetes mellitus, a significant correlation was found between the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)--and the 24-hour urinary glucose excretion. By contrast, 11 newly diagnosed diabetic children had grossly elevated HbA1c-concentrations, but no correlations could be established between the levels of HbA1c and the duration of symptoms, blood glucose, glycosuria, ketonuria and the acid--base status. However, HbA1c and C-peptide were significantly correlated. The elevated HbA1c-concentrations decreased towards normal in all of these 11 children after 2--3 months following adequate therapy. The results suggest that the determination of HbA1c may serve as a valuable metabolic control index in children with long-standing diabetes mellitus, but adds little information in newly diagnosed patients. For the individual diabetic child during the early treatment period, HbA1c may be the index of choice for adequacy of metabolic control.
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PMID:Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in children with long standing and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. 46 44


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