Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0162275 (ketonuria)
 553 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Very fat people die earlier than people of normal weight because hypertension, diabetes and coronary disease are more frequent among the markedly obese. Most obese subjects, however, are only slightly overweight and their mortality is not elevated. Reasons for dieting are more often psychological than somatic. 2. Reducing diets are ineffective because the obese rarely follow them. Total fasting and intestinal bypass may provide better results, but are more dangerous. 3. Atkins' diet eliminates carbohydrates from food without restricting protein and fat intake. Deprived of carbohydrates, the body uses fat for fuel. A small part of metabolized fat is eliminated in the urine as ketone bodies, and this is why such diets are called "ketogenic". They have been known at least since 1863. 4. Caloric loss due to ketonuria does not exceed 100 Cal/day in the non-diabetic. It is maximal during total fasting and cannot be increased by a ketogenic diet. 5. In the short run, such diets produce rapid weight loss due to polyuria. On the other hand, refeeding carbohydrates causes water retention and weight gain. 6. The diet decreases appetite: patients eat less without feeling severe hunger and without measuring their food intake. 7. Orthostatic hypotension, fatigue, and nausea are frequent, despite what Dr. ATKINS claims. 8. The diet increases plasma cholesterol and uric acid. It may be dangerous in diabetes (anorexia, acidosis) and in heart or kidney failure (hypokalemia). 9. The diet, though far from good, is better than the book. ATKINS' theories are at best half-truths, and the results he claims lack credibility. The obese subject's disappointment with traditional reducing diets and the book's hard-sell style account for ATKINS' success.
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PMID:[Dr. Atkins' dietetic revolution: a critique]. 89 45

Sanatorium treatment for 27 days was carried out for 52 patients with obesity of alimentary metabolism type, consisting of moderate loading and high-protein, high-lipid diet with 2430 to 2840 cal daily, with unusually low carbohydrate contents--10 g for the first week and 38 g--in the fourth. The authors established a favourable total and an average daily body weight loss of the patients, irrespectively of the relatively high caloric intake. No sense of hunger was reported from the majority of the patients. The subjective complaints observed are more frequent and more severe, as compared with the other treatment regimens with reducing but balanced dietetic regimens. The majority of the subjective complaints established could be associated with the objectively confirmed compensated metabolic ketoacidosis. The unfavourable changes in the followed-up laboratory indices are: considerable decrease of blood sugar, massive ketonuria, elevation of serum uric acid and deviations in the acid-base parameters. Serum lipid indices fell under the effect of the treatment and body weight reduction. What impresses is the serum cholesterol reduction in spite of the high exogenic import, the diminution of cholesterol-lecithin index and the marked elevation of free fatty acid in serum, manifestation of incresed lipolysis in the lipid depots. (he diet indicated is not balanced and not physiological. It must be applied casually in obesity treatment. Its application is possible only after a strict assessment of each individual patient with obesity with no accompanying diseases, that do not agree with the partial fasting and cannot be included in intensive motor regimen.
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PMID:[Treatment of obesity with a high-protein, high-fat, "carbohydrate-free" diet]. 101 11

A protein-sparing modified fast (PSMF), which is a total fast modified by the intake of 1.2-1.4 gm. protein per kilogram ideal body weight (IBW), fluids ad libitum, and vitamin and mineral supplementation, allows effective control of carbohydrate metabolism and hunger. It reduces serum glucose and insulin concentrations in obese diabetic patients and increases free fatty acid and ketone body concentrations; ketonuria appears within 24-72 hours. When this fast was applied to seven obese adult-onset diabetics who were receiving 30-100 units of insulin per day, insulin could be discontinued after 0-19 days (mean, 6.5). In the three patients who had extensive nitrogen-balance studies, balance could be maintained chronically by 1.3 gm. protein per kilogram IBW, despite the gross caloric inadequacy of the diet. The PSMF was tolerated well in an outpatient setting after the initial insulin-withdrawal phase had occurred in the hospital. Significant improvements in blood pressure, lipid abnormalities, parameters of carbohydrate metabolism, and cardiorespiratory, symptoms were associated with weight loss and/or the PSMF. For diabetics with some endogenous insulin reserve, the PSMF offers significant advantages for weight reduction, including preservation of lean body mass (as reflected in nitrogen balance) and withdrawal of exogenous insulin.
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PMID:Nitrogen metabolism and insulin requirements in obese diabetic adults on a protein-sparing modified fast. 127 1

A 300 kcal (1.25 MJ) diet of conventional food is described, which has been studied under in-patient conditions for four to six weeks. It contained 22.6 g protein, 34 g CHO and 6.9 g fat but not the full RDA of vitamins and minerals since this is impossible without supplementation. Hunger disappeared after the third day. Patients developed ketonuria and hyperuricemia; serum lipids were normalised and hypertension disappeared. The diet offers advantages in that it induces better nutritional knowledge and habits.
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PMID:A 300 kcal (1.2 MJ) diet using conventional food. 727 57

Of the problems that complicate child-bearing, hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), or severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), is likely one of the most painful with unrelenting retching and vomiting that can lead to measurable injuries such as Mallory-Weiss Syndrome and esophageal rupture, and/or subtle maternal cognitive impairments related to starvation and dehydration. Recognized hallmarks of HG include dehydration, ketonuria, weight loss over 5%, and electrolyte abnormalities not attributable to other causes. Historically providers regarded the hyperemetic as a difficult to treat patient with potentially underlying psychological problems. Sick patients who experience pain and suffering present challenges to care, not excepting NVP. Ill patients can be demanding and agitated. Agitation can be one of the early signs of delirium or altered mental status (AMS). AMS can include previously diagnosed psychiatric conditions as well as new onset of Wernicke's encephalopathy, deliria, insomnia, hallucinations and autoscopy, resulting from various etiologies including and not limited to medications, pain including pain from hunger, vomiting and retching, constipation, dehydration, altered electrolytes, hypoglycemia, malnutrition and sleep deprivation. AMS may have a subtle waxing and waning trajectory, making the condition difficult to diagnosis in early stages. What have not been well elucidated in AMS are subjective images and/or experiences. Whether all AMS experiences are similar is unknown. We believe there may be a transient alteration of cognitive status or "altered sensorium gestosis" (ASG), attributed to the direct insults of hyperemesis gravidarum which will be discussed herein. How prevalent ASG might be is unknown and needs further investigation.
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PMID:Hyperemesis gravidarum: a case of starvation and altered sensorium gestosis (ASG). 2461 34