Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0162275 (ketonuria)
 553 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The health condition and course of fermentation processes in the rumen were studied in four cows of the Red Spotted breed at the age of four to nine years. The clinico-biochemical indices in the rumen liquor and urine were used. The experimental animals were exposed to a mixture of aflatoxins applied in the dose of 200 mg B1 and 80 mg B2. The toxic action of aflatoxins manifested itself as inappetence, increased temperature, changes in the pulse and respiration rate and reduced activity of the proventriculi. Diarrhoea was observed in two animals. The pH value, total acidity and ammonia level in rumen liquor ranged within the limits of reference values. The significant drop of the production of volatile fatty acids with changes in their proportions and a reduction of the acetic acid level with a simultaneous increase of the percentage of butyric acid testity to a disorder in the activity of rumen microflora. The reduction of the number of infusorians as a biological indicator of fermentation processes proves the correctness of this assumption. During the elimination of aflatoxins through the kidneys the function of the kidneys is impaired, showed proteinuria, ketonuria, glycosuria and haematuria.
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PMID:[Changes of the clinico-biochemical indices in the rumirid juice and urine in experimental aflatoxicosis of dairy cows]. 40 95

The efficacy of fixed dose PGE2 (prostaglandin E2) in inducing labor was studied in 40 multiparous patients. Low amniotomy was performed, and 1 tablet of 6.5 mg PGE2 was given orally in the absence of uterine activity after 30 minutes, and hourly thereafter until the patient delivered. Successful induction was defined as the establishment of effective uterine contractions and cervical dilatation within 12 hours of amniotomy. Indications for induction are postmaturity (n=15); pre-eclampsia (n=10); essential hypertension (n=6); weight loss (n=4); bad obstetric history (n=2); and others (n=3). 38 patients (95 percent) had successful labor induction, with 37 delivering vaginally within 18 hours of amniotomy and 1 delivering by Cesarian section because of fetal distress. In the remaining 2 patients, labor did not commence within 12 hours and consequently necessitated intravenous oxytocin. Mean amniotomy-delivery interval was 7.53 hours. Maternal side effects included vomiting (12.5%); diarrhea (5%); pyrexia (15%); ketonuria (22.5%); and postpartum hemorrhage (12.5%). There were no apparent fetal side effects. Advantages of oral PGE2 for labor induction include: 1) ease of administration; 2) increased patient acceptability; 3) greater convenience for medical and nursing staff; 4) absence of complications associated with intravenous infusion such as sudden changes in infusion rate, air emboli or occasional pyrogen reactions. Advantages of using a low fixed dose are: 1) excessive administration and subsequent uterine hypertonus are less likely to occur; 2) low incidence of vomiting/diarrhea; and 3) absence of uterine hypertonus and apparent fetal side effects.
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PMID:Fixed dose prostaglandin E2 tablets in the induction of labour in multipara. 108 93

Acarbose is a competitive inhibitor of the intestinal alpha-glycosidases, that can delay absorption of intestinal carbohydrates causing their malabsorption. In the present paper we studied the effects of insulin, acarbose and their association on glomerular basement membrane thickening in alloxan-diabetic rats. Twenty-five male and female Wistar rats, approximately 3 months old at the beginning of the experiment, were assigned randomly to each of five experimental groups: normal control rats, alloxan-diabetic control rats, alloxan-diabetic rats treated with acarbose, alloxan-diabetic rats treated with insulin, and alloxan-diabetic rats treated with insulin plus acarbose. Alloxan was administered in a single i.v. dose of 442 mg/kg body weight. Insulin was given subcutaneously at doses of 18 to 30 IU/kg corrected daily on the basis of glycosuria and ketonuria. Acarbose was given mixed with rat chow in a dose of 50 mg/100 g chow. Body weight, water and food intake and diuresis, as well as blood and urine glucose were determined after 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment. Glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickening was determined by electron microscopy at the same times. Clear clinical and laboratory signs of severe diabetes, with blood glucose levels above 200 mg/dl and urine glucose above 3000 mg/dl, were observed in all alloxan-diabetic control rats, in all periods of follow-up, whereas administration of insulin or acarbose reduced the blood glucose levels of treated groups. The most satisfactory control of blood and urine glucose was observed in animals treated with both insulin and acarbose. However, diarrhea was observed in diabetic rats treated with acarbose associated or not with insulin. GBM thickening was correlated with age in all groups. Beginning at six months after diabetes induction, the GBM of untreated diabetic rats was significantly thicker (mean +/- SEM, 4.446 +/- 0.45 mm) than that of normal rats (2.977 +/- 0.63mm). Both insulin and acarbose prevented GBM thickening and their combination induced thickening similar to the age dependent thickening observed for normal rats of the same age. We conclude that acarbose when combined with insulin may be a good option in the control of diabetes and its renal complications.
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PMID:Effect of long-term treatment with insulin and/or acarbose on glomerular basement membrane thickening in alloxan-diabetic rats. 918 Nov 5

In order to determine the incidence, seasonal distribution and clinical characteristics of norovirus in children and analyse the genogroups of norovirus, immunochromatography was used to detect the virus in stool samples. Randomly selected subsets of samples were analysed for genogroups with a multiplex polymerase chain reaction method. Seasonal distribution of norovirus, symptoms, physical and laboratory findings of patients and treatment models were evaluated retrospectively in 2009. In all, norovirus was examined in 520 stool samples. The infection rate was 9.6% (50/520) among patients of acute gastroenteritis in 2009. The virus was mostly detected in the first 24 months of life (50%). Gastroenteritis with norovirus was most frequently found in February, May, July and September. The main symptoms were diarrhoea (100%) and vomiting (95.5%). In some patients affected by norovirus infection higher urine density, ketonuria and high CRP levels were observed. Antiemetic drugs and intravenous fluid-electrolyte therapy were given to 37 (84%) and 26 (59%) of patients, respectively. Hospitalisation was required in 11 patients (25%). All the randomly selected 28 samples (100%) had norovirus genogroup II. In conclusion, norovirus (genogroup II) mostly affected children in the first two years of life and was more frequently observed in February, May, July and September of 2009. Diarrhoea and vomiting were the most frequent symptoms. Antiemetic drugs, intravenous fluid-electrolyte therapy and hospitalisation were usually required in these patients.
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PMID:Annual report on norovirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in 2009 and their genotypes in Turkey. 2433 56