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Query: UMLS:C0155339 (Brown)
 12,436 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intravacuolar organisms in vacuolated macrophages were associated with areas of necrosis and suppuration in 12 patients with suppurative inguinal lymphadenitis. The intravacuolar organisms measured 0.2 to 2.0 micrometers in diameter, stained Gram negative with the Brown-Hopp's tissue Gram stain, faintly blue with hematoxylin and eosin stain, and black with the Warthin-Starry silver impregnation stain. The organisms lined vacuolar membranes and/or clumped in centers of vacuoles. Electron microscopy revealed elementary and reticulate bodies and intermediate forms characteristic of the genus Chlamydia. Cultures of three lymph nodes in McCoy cells grew Chlamydia trachomatis, lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) serovars. Polymerase chain reaction using primers for chlamydial 16S ribosomal DNA confirmed the organisms as Chlamydia in lymph nodes from nine patients. Recognition of chlamydial organisms by light microscopy in tissue sections of lymph nodes allows a definitive diagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum.
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PMID:Demonstration of Chlamydia trachomatis in inguinal lymphadenitis of lymphogranuloma venereum: a light microscopy, electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction study. 875 33

Recent linkage studies in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) suggest that a blood pressure regulatory gene or genes may be located on rat chromosome 1q. To investigate this possibility, we replaced a region of chromosome 1 in the SHR (defined by the markers D1Mit3 and Igf2) with the corresponding chromosome segment from the normotensive Brown-Norway (BN) strain. In male SHR congenic rats carrying the transferred BN chromosome segment, 24-hour average systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly lower than in male progenitor SHR. Polymerase chain reaction genotyping using 60 polymorphic microsatellite markers dispersed throughout the genome confirmed the congenic status of the new strain designated SHR.BN-D1Mit3/Igf2. These findings provide direct evidence that a blood pressure regulatory gene exists on the differential segment of chromosome 1 that is sufficient to decrease blood pressure in the SHR. The SHR.BN-D1Mit3/Igf2 congenic strain represents an important new model for fine mapping and characterization of genes on chromosome 1 involved in the pathogenesis of spontaneous hypertension.
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PMID:Genetic isolation of a chromosome 1 region affecting blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. 933 84

With improving therapeutic protocols, confirmation of microsporidiosis has become increasingly important. We designed a study to determine the best screening method(s) for microsporidian detection in biopsy specimens. Forty-two small intestinal biopsy specimens from 31 immunocompromised patients (68% AIDS) were stained (hematoxylin-eosin [H & E], modified trichrome, Warthin-Starry, and Brown-Brenn) and polarized. Polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot assays were performed on all positive cases. Microsporida were detected in nine cases (21%) by modified trichrome (all patients with AIDS). Of these, seven were Brown-Brenn positive, and five Warthin-Starry positive. Two cases polarized on H & E and three on special stains. Four of nine positive cases were confirmed by molecular studies. We found polarization to be the least sensitive screening method. The modified trichrome was the most sensitive when screening for microsporidiosis in paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens. Furthermore, combining Brown-Brenn or Warthin-Starry with the trichrome stain helps exclude false-positive results due to granular artifacts (eg, eosinophils, Paneth cells).
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PMID:Optimal screening and diagnosis of microsporida in tissue sections: a comparison of polarization, special stains, and molecular techniques. 953 93

Chronic rejection is the leading cause of late graft loss following solid organ transplantation and is characterized by a vasculopathy referred to as allograft arteriosclerosis. While the etiology of allograft arteriosclerosis remains unknown, it has been hypothesized that migration of donor medial smooth muscle cells into the intimal compartment is responsible for the formation of the occlusive lesion (neointima). In this study we have used aortic interposition grafts between fully histoincompatible rat strains (Brown Norway and Lewis) to investigate the origin of the neointimal cells. Three transplant paradigms were used: BN to Lew, Lew to BN and BN to Lew with immunosuppression. Neointimal cells were isolated from aortic transplant tissue through an EDTA wash/mechanical stripping technique. We have developed polymerase chain reaction primers to the MHC1 allele that are specific to each rat strains' DNA. Polymerase chain reaction analysis, using the strain-specific primers and purified neointimal cell DNA from transplanted aortic tissue from all three experimental groups, demonstrated that the neointimal cells are of recipient, and not donor origin.
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PMID:Recipient cells form the intimal proliferative lesion in the rat aortic model of allograft arteriosclerosis. 1209 80

An isolated vascularized bone marrow transplant (iVBMT) model was developed to study the contribution of the bone marrow component in a composite tissue allograft. We hypothesized that the iVBMT would be functional and cause graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in a fraction of the recipients. Lewis iVBMT grafts were transplanted to Lewis-Brown Norway recipients. Animals were sacrificed at various times from 1 to 14 weeks. Polymerase chain reaction for microchimerism was performed on the host's marrow. No animals exhibited signs of GVHD at death. Histologic examination of the grafts showed a normal mix of hematopoietic and fatty elements and appeared to be functional. Tissues usually affected-tongue, ear, liver, and gut-also showed no evidence of disease. Polymerase chain reaction demonstrated microchimerism in both groups. These findings suggest that the vascularized bone marrow within a composite tissue allograft is not the component that causes GVHD; rather, it may serve an immunomodulatory function for tolerance induction.
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PMID:Absence of graft-versus-host disease in the isolated vascularized bone marrow transplant. 1474 2

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify a 600-base pair (bp) sequence of plasmid pGEX-2T DNA bound on soil colloidal particles from Brown soil (Alfisol) and Red soil (Ultisol), and three different minerals (goethite, kaolinite, montmorillonite). DNA bound on soil colloids, kaolinite, and montmorillonite was not amplified when the complexes were used directly but amplification occurred when the soil colloid or kaolinite-DNA complex was diluted, 10- and 20-fold. The montmorillonite-DNA complex required at least 100-fold dilution before amplification could be detected. DNA bound on goethite was amplified irrespective of whether the complex was used directly, or diluted 10- and 20-fold. The amplification of mineral-bound plasmid DNA by PCR is, therefore, markedly influenced by the type and concentration of minerals used. This information is of fundamental importance to soil molecular microbial ecology with particular reference to monitoring the fate of genetically engineered microorganisms and their recombinant DNA in soil environments.
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PMID:Amplification of plasmid DNA bound on soil colloidal particles and clay minerals by the polymerase chain reaction. 1823 26

Polymerase-mediated single-base extension (SBE) of primers using a fluorescently labeled 2',3'-dideoxynucleotide triphosphate terminator was originally commercialized as SNaPshot for analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms by capillary electrophoresis (CE). Application of this general method to bisulfite-converted/PCR-amplified genomic DNA (gDNA) to analytically infer polymorphic methylation status (i.e., 5-methylcytosine [5mC] vs. cytosine [C]) in CpG-rich regions of gDNA has been noted previously by others to be limited by CE mobility-shifted peaks for SBE products derived from guanine (G)/adenine (A)-mixed-base primers used to hybridize to possible polymorphic sites (i.e., C vs. thymine [T] resulting from 5mC vs. C, respectively). This limitation is precluded in the current study by using novel SNaPshot primers modified with N(6)-methoxy-2,6-diaminopurine (K), which was originally described in 1991 by Brown and Lin as a unique adenine-guanine analog capable of participating in three H-bonds with C or T in DNA. Oligonucleotides modified by K as a bispecific complement for C/T are commercially available or can be readily synthesized, and they may have utility in other assay formats used to analyze CpG methylation status.
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PMID:Capillary electrophoretic analysis of methylation status in CpG-rich regions by single-base extension of primers modified with N6-methoxy-2,6-diaminopurine. 1853 28

The pathological condition of the short-neck clam Ruditapes philippinarum was surveyed along the coast of Kumamoto, Japan, in June 2004. DNA sequences of the non-transcribed spacer region and internal transcribed spacer region flanking 5.8S rRNA identified Perkinsus olseni among the clams. Ray's fluid thioglycollate medium assay indicated that 96.7% of the clams surveyed from the Kiguchi River tidal flat (native clams, Stn KR-N) and 96.7% of the clams surveyed from the Midori River tidal flat (Stn MR) were infected with P. olseni with an infection intensity of 464,278 and 199,937 Perkinsus cells/gram tissue wet weight (gWW), respectively. In contrast, 66.7% of the clams imported from China and stored along the Kiguchi River tidal flat (Stn KR-I) and 20.2% of clams from the Arao tidal flat (Stn AT) were infected with P. olseni with an infection intensity of 37,547 and 3382 Perkinsus cells/gWW, respectively. Brown ring disease was detected in the clam population from Stn KR-I at a prevalence of 90.0%. Polymerase chain reaction and the 16S rRNA sequence suggested that the agents of brown ring disease observed at Stn KR-I were Vibrio tapetis-like bacteria. Sporocysts and metacercariae of unidentified trematodes were also observed in the gonads and mantle of the clams from Stn KR-I, Stn MR, and Stn AT, at prevalences of 7.1-42.9%. Metacestodes (larval tapeworms) were found in the foot and digestive gland at a prevalence of 52.5%, 30.0%, and 14.3% in clams from Stns MR, AT, and KR-N, respectively. Histology also showed massive hemocyte infiltration and inflammation among clams heavily infected with P. olseni. Castration of the follicle was typical among clams infected with the trematode. The data indicate that most of the clams along the coast of Kumamoto are infected with various pathogens at various rates of infection, and these pathogens could have negative effects on the clam population in the long term.
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PMID:Pathology survey of the short-neck clam Ruditapes philippinarum occurring on sandy tidal flats along the coast of Ariake Bay, Kyushu, Japan. 1860 98

The current study was undertaken to investigate the aneuploidy rates in in vitro-matured meiosis II (MII) oocytes and corresponding first polar bodies in two dairy cattle (Bos taurus) breeds by using dual-color fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). A total of 159 and 144 in vitro-matured MII oocytes of the Italian Friesian and Italian Brown breeds, respectively, were obtained according to the standard methods and analyzed by FISH using "Xcen" and "5" chromosome-specific painting probes, produced by chromosome microdissection and Degenerate Oligonucleotide Primer- Polymerase Chain Reaction (DOP-PCR). Oocytes with unreduced chromosome number were 10.1% and 16.7% in the two breeds, respectively. To avoid bias due to possible artifacts, the aneuploidy rates were determined by analyzing only oocytes with the corresponding polar bodies. In the Italian Friesian, 100 of 143 (69.9%) secondary MII oocytes showed clear MII plates with corresponding first polar bodies and were scored for aneuploidy detection; one oocyte was "nullisomic" for chromosome X (1.0%) and one "disomic" for chromosome 5 (1.0%). In the Italian Brown, 100 of 120 (83.3%) MII oocytes with corresponding first polar bodies were analyzed; one oocyte was nullisomic (1.0%) and one was disomic (1.0%), both for chromosome 5. Totally, 303 oocytes were analyzed, 40 of which showed an unreduced chromosome complement (13.2%); of 200 MII oocytes with the corresponding first polar bodies, the aneuploidy rate (nullisomy+disomy) for the two chromosomes scored was 2%. Assuming that each chromosome is equally involved in aneuploidy, it results that in cattle oocytes matured in vitro, at least 30% of the oocytes (1x30 haploid chromosomes) should be aneuploid. Premature separation of sister chromatids (PSSC) was also observed in 2% of the oocytes in the Italian Friesian breed involving chromosome 5 and in 1% of the Italian Brown breed involving the X chromosome. Estimation of the "baseline" level of aneuploidy in the in vitro-matured oocytes of the various domestic animal species and breeds is, to our opinion, a useful reference for improving the in vitro production of embryos as well as for monitoring future trends of the reproductive health of the species/breeds engaged in zootechnical productions, especially in relation to management errors and environmental hazards.
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PMID:Frequency of aneuploidy in in vitro-matured MII oocytes and corresponding first polar bodies in two dairy cattle (Bos taurus) breeds as determined by dual-color fluorescent in situ hybridization. 2002 97

Proline-rich nuclear receptor coactivator (PNRC)1 is a member of a new family of nuclear receptor coactivators capable of potentiating the transcriptional activity of nuclear receptors. The objective was to investigate the relationship between PNRC1 genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and reproductive traits in ducks. Brown Tsaiya ducks (N = 305) from two lines, a control line with no selection and the selected line, were used. Polymerase chain reaction-single strand polymorphism and DNA sequencing were done to screen polymorphisms of the PNRC1 gene. A novel SNP (G98T) in 3'-untranslated region of the PNRC1 gene was identified and resulted in two genotypes, GG and GT. The frequencies of genotype GG and allele G were higher in both lines investigated. Regarding egg weight at first egg (EWFE), based on SNP trait association analysis, ducks with the GG genotype had a 4.48 g per egg greater egg weight at first egg when compared with ducks of the GT genotype in the control line (P < 0.05). In addition, this SNP was associated with the hatchability rate (HR) in the selected line; ducks with the GT genotype had a 6.70% higher hatchability rate than those with the GG genotype (P < 0.05). Therefore, we inferred that the PNRC1 gene could be a candidate locus or linked to a major gene that influenced egg weight-related and hatchability traits in Tsaiya ducks. Further investigations on additional duck populations with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these results.
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PMID:A novel SNP of the PNRC1 gene and its association with reproductive traits in Tsaiya ducks. 2249 78


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