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Query: UMLS:C0155339 (Brown)
 12,436 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Controls of fatty acid synthesis in bovine adipose tissue were investigated. Six Brown Swiss steers were fasted for 8 days and then refed for 56 days. Biopsy samples of backfat adipose tissue were taken during the fasting and refeeding periods. Rates of acetate incorporation into fatty acids (FAS), activities of acetyl CoA carboxylase (CBX), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and NADP:isocitrate dehydrogenase, and plasma free fatty acids (FFA) and plasma acetate were determined. FAS decreased 60% after 1 day of fasting and 99% after 8 days. FAS did not increase until day 3 of refeeding when energy intake was above maintenance, then returned to normal by 14 days. CBX followed a pattern similar to FAS, except its activity did rise above the control rate during refeeding. Plasma FFA increased 350% and acetate decreased 67% during fasting. After 4 days of refeeding, FFA returned to normal, and acetate increased to 156% of initial concentration, then returned to normal by 21 days. These data suggest that CBX limits FAS in adipose tissue of cattle.
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PMID:Changes in fatty acid synthesis and lipogenic enzymes in adipose tissue from fasted and fasted-refed steers. 23 91

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were reared in litters of nine (normal litters) or 18 pups, and the dams were fed either a low fat (control) or a high fat diet. Offspring from each litter size and diet group were separated from the mothers on postnatal d 30, subdivided into two groups each, and fed either the control or the high fat diet until postnatal d 77. Hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme and ATP-citrate lyase activities in the offspring from large litters were elevated during the early stages of weaning but later lagged behind enzyme activity of the normal litters. Brown adipose tissue enzymes also surged earlier in rats from large litters but did not fall below the values attained by the normal litters until postnatal d 32. Enzyme activities on postnatal d 77 revealed that large litter size and high fat feeding during or after weaning were associated with diminished hepatic enzyme activities. Hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and ATP-citrate lyase activities also showed significant positive interaction between litter size and diet composition after weaning. Large litter size was also associated with diminished brown adipose tissue enzymes in the mature rats, but the composition of the weaning diet did not independently exert long-lasting changes in this tissue. Nevertheless, there was a positive interaction between litter size and diet composition during and after weaning. The data suggest that neonatal undernourishment can exert a long-term influence on the metabolic profiles of the animal, and that diet plays a role in modulating this influence.
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PMID:Effects of litter size and diet composition on the development of some lipogenic enzymes in the liver and brown adipose tissue of the rat. 260 Jun 77

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) prepared from baker's yeast binds to immobilized Cibacron Blue F3G-A and Procion Red HE-3B. In this paper the two dyes are compared with respect to their use in the purification of this enzyme. Cibacron Blue chromatography was found useful at an early stage of purification for the removal of contaminating hexokinase, phosphoglucose isomerase and phosphoglucomutase. With Procion Red HE-3B Sepharose the NADP dependent enzymes phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase are separable from glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Unlike Cibacron Blue gel chromatography, the enzyme can be specifically eluted from Procion Red HE-3B Sepharose by a NADP gradient. Other monochlorotriazine dyes like Xirone Brillant Red BHD, 4BHD, 6BHD and GHD and the dichlorotriazine dye Procion Brown MX-5BR immobilized to Sepharose have only little binding affinity to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The binding behaviour of different immobilized triazine dyes for pre-purified and purified glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is compared. In addition, the influence of the free dyes on the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is studied. It is demonstrated that the results of kinetic and binding studies with the purified enzyme are not uncritically applicable for the selection of a dye as ligand for affinity chromatography during enzyme preparation.
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PMID:Interactions of immobilized and free triazine dyes with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from yeast. 351 9

Rat brown adipocytes at day 22 of foetal development showed greater size, higher mitochondria content and larger amounts of lipids, as determined by flow cytometry, than 20-day foetal cells. Simultaneously, an inhibition on the percentage of brown adipocytes into S+G2/M phases of the cell cycle was observed between days 20 and 22 of foetal development. The expression of several adipogenesis-related genes, such as fatty acid synthase, malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and insulin-regulated glucose transporter, increased at the end of foetal life in brown adipose tissue. In addition, the lipogenic enzyme activities and the lipogenic flux increased during late foetal development, resulting in mature brown adipocytes showing a multilocular fat droplet phenotype. Concurrently, brown adipocytes induced the expression of the uncoupling protein (UP) mRNA and UP protein, as visualized by immunofluorescence. The three isoforms of CCAAT enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) were expressed at the mRNA level in brown adipose tissue at day 20. C/EBP alpha decreased and C/EBP beta and delta increased their expression between days 20 and 22 of foetal development, respectively. Brown adipose tissue constitutively expressed insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) mRNAs. Moreover, IGF-IR mRNA content increased between days 20 and 22 in parallel with the occurrence of tissue differentiation.
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PMID:Differentiation of rat brown adipocytes during late foetal development: role of insulin-like growth factor I. 757 9