Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0155339 (Brown)
 12,436 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Growth factors are involved in development and function of the mammary gland. The aim of this study was the localization of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1) and its mRNA in the bovine mammary gland during different developmental and functional stages. Mammary tissue was obtained from German Brown Swiss cows (n = 23) during defined stages of mammogenesis (before and during pregnancy), lactogenesis, peak lactation and involution. The distribution of FGF-1 mRNA was studied using non-radioactive in situ hybridization, the corresponding FGF-protein was analysed using immunohistochemistry [avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC)-method]. A moderate to distinct staining for FGF-mRNA was found in the epithelium of ducts and developing alveoli during mammogenesis. Post-partum at the same cellular locations, a considerable amount of FGF-1 mRNA, was seen that decreased during lactation. Also during early involution clear staining for FGF-mRNA could still be observed. Immunoreactive FGF-1 was found in considerable concentration in the epithelium of the mammary gland in heifers. The staining intensity generally decreased somewhat during mammogenesis and lactation, but could be always clearly demonstrated in the secretory epithelial cells of alveoli and glandular ducts. Also during the first day after the end of milking, the epithelium displayed a moderate to distinct epithelial immunostaining. Notably, After 4 weeks of involution, in many alveoli a shedding of the FGF-1 positive luminal cell layer was found. In our localization studies, no strict correlation between FGF-1 mRNA and its corresponding protein was found. The various reasons for this finding are discussed.
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PMID:Localization of fibroblast growth factor I (acid fibroblast growth factor) and its mRNA in the bovine mammary gland during mammogenesis, lactation and involution. 1667 17

Bacillus megaterium DE BARY TRS-4 was isolated from tea rhizosphere and tested for its ability to promote growth and cause disease reduction in tea plants. In vivo studies revealed the ability of this bacterium to promote growth of tea plants very significantly. Brown root rot disease, caused by Fomes lamaoensis was markedly reduced by application of the bacterium to the soil. Population of F. lamaoensis in soil before and after application of B. megaterium, as determined by ELISA and dot-blot using PAb raised against the pathogen, was shown to be greatly reduced in presence of the bacterium. Biochemical changes induced in tea plants were also examined. Root colonization by B. megaterium and subsequent inoculation with F. lamaoensis also led to an increase in polyphenolics, as well as in defense related enzymes-peroxidase, chitinase, beta -1,3-glucanase and phenyl alanine ammonia lyase. Determination of mechanism of action of this bacterium revealed it to be able to solubilize phosphate, produce IAA, siderophore and antifungal metabolite. The plant growth promotion and reduction of disease intensity have been shown to be due to a combination of several mechanisms.
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PMID:Plant growth promotion and induction of resistance in Camellia sinensis by Bacillus megaterium. 1672 78

During different stages of lactation, different requirements of calcium have to be met depending on the milk amount. Vitamin D receptors (VDR) regulate calcium homeostasis by increasing the entry of Ca into blood from bone stores and dietary sources. The purpose of this study was to investigate if age and breed of cows influence VDR amounts across different segments of the gastrointestinal tract. Thirty-six cows were used (18 Brown Swiss, 18 Holstein Friesan, both > 5.5 years or < 4.5 years). Tissue specimens of the intestines were collected from the cows. Formaldehyde-fixed and microwave-treated paraffin sections were used for VDR immunohistochemistry employing a biotinylated monoclonal rat antibody and streptavidin peroxidase technique. The results showed that nuclei and cytoplasm of enterocytes stained positively for VDRs. Strongest immunoreactions were observed in intermediate and basal glandular cells. No significant differences were observed between the different groups. Vitamin D receptors immunoreactivities were prominent in duodenal mucosa, lower in jejunum and in colon, decreased further in ileum and were lowest in caecum. Decreases in number of positively marked cells and staining intensities resulted in reduced immunoreactions. The results of this study indicate that VDR are highly expressed at the site of maximal intestinal calcium absorption. No significant influence of age and breed was observed. The animals used were not in a negative Ca balance. The cows were all in the stage of late or mid lactation. During these periods, the Ca requirements are low and the diets are high in Ca concentration; and the animals are adapted to these circumstances. Passive absorption in adult animals seems to dominate when Ca intake is adequate or high. The active absorption may play a considerably more significant role during the peripartal period, when Ca homeostatic mechanisms are challenged because of tremendous Ca demand at the initiation of lactation.
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PMID:Vitamin D receptor amounts across different segments of the gastrointestinal tract in Brown Swiss and Holstein Frisean cows of different age. 1847 12

Brown and white adipose tissue have recently gained prominence as key players in obesity and related health problems, such as type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Brown adipose tissue-dependent nonshivering thermogenesis significantly affects the body's energy balance. Originally considered as a passive store of lipids, white adipose tissue has recently been found to secrete a number of hormones and cytokines and to be thus involved in the control of body metabolism and energy balance at multiple sites. These findings have renewed the interest in adipose organ biology, including its innervation by the autonomic nervous system and sensory nerves. Here, we describe our protocols for detecting different types of adipose tissue nerves by light microscopy using peroxidase immunostaining and by laser scanning confocal microscopy using immunofluorescence. With these techniques, the presence, distribution, and colocalization of autonomic and sensory nerves can be effectively investigated in subcutaneous and visceral adipose depots of normal and obese animals.
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PMID:Adipose organ nerves revealed by immunohistochemistry. 1851 54

Salt-fractionated bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) proteins were employed for the decolorization of disperse dyes in the presence of H2O2. The effect of various experimental conditions such as concentration of enzyme, H2O2, phenol, reaction time, pH and temperature on the decolorization of dyes was investigated. Dyes were recalcitrant to the decolorization catalysed by bitter gourd peroxidase. However, these dyes were decolorized significantly in the presence of a redox mediator, phenol. Bitter gourd peroxidase (0.215 U/mL) could decolorize about 60% of Disperse Red 17 in the presence of 0.2 mM phenol, whereas Disperse Brown 1 was decolorized by only 40% even in the presence of 0.4 mM phenol. Maximum decolorization of dyes was achieved in the presence of 0.75 mM H2O2 in a buffer ofpH 3.0 and 40 degrees C within 30 min. The K(m) values obtained were 0.625 mg/(L x h) and 2.5 mg/(L x h) for Disperse Red 17 and Disperse Brown 1, respectively. In all the experiments, Disperse Brown 1 was found to be more recalcitrant to decolorization catalysed by bitter gourd peroxidise, as compared to Disperse Red 17.
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PMID:Phenol-mediated decolorization and removal of disperse dyes by bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) peroxidase. 2018 96

The peach-potato aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) is a major pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) but the molecular characterization of this interaction particularly with regard to oxidants and antioxidants remains to be undertaken. Aphid colonies reared on potato leaves containing high ascorbate were twice the size of those grown on leaves with low ascorbate. Infestation-dependent decreases in the abundance of key transcripts such as chloroplastic FeSOD, peroxisomal catalase 2, PR1 and JAZ1 preceded detectable leaf H(2)O(2) or polyphenol accumulation. The leaf glutathione pool was increased 48 h after infestation, but the amount of ascorbate was unchanged. The ascorbate/dehydroacorbate (DHA) ratio was lower at 48 h but the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) was unchanged. While DHA reductase and GSSG reductase activities were unaffected by aphid feeding, non-specific peroxidase activities were enhanced 48 h following aphid infestation. Brown ethanol-insoluble deposits were observed close to leaf veins following aphid infestation. Taken together, the results demonstrate that high ascorbate favours aphid colony expansion and that perturbations in the leaf antioxidant system are intrinsic to the potato leaf response to aphids. Moreover, these changes together with the induction of hormone-related transcripts precede the deposition of defence-associated oxidized polyphenols along the stylet track.
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PMID:Infestation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by the peach-potato aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) alters cellular redox status and is influenced by ascorbate. 2173 90

Calcium-alginate pectin entrapped bitter gourd peroxidase (BGP) has been employed for the treatment of disperse dyes: Disperse Brown 1 (DB 1) and Disperse Red 17 (DR 17). Peroxidase alone was unable to decolorize DR 17 and DB 1. However, the investigated dyes were decolorized maximally by BGP in the presence of 0.2 mmol/L redox mediator, violuric acid (VA). A slow decrease in percent decolorization was observed when VA concentration was higher than 0.2 mmol/L which could likely be due to the high reactivity of its aminoxyl radical (> N-O*) intermediate, that might undergo chemical reactions with aromatic amino acid side chains of the enzyme thereby inactivating it. Maximum decolorization of the dyes was observed at pH 3.0 and 40 degrees C within 2 hr of incubation. Immobilized peroxidase decolorized 98% DR 17 and 71% DB 1 using 35 U of BGP in batch process in 90 min. Immobilized enzyme decolorized 85% DR 17 and 51% DB 1 whereas soluble enzyme decolorized DR 17 to 48% and DB 1 to 30% at 60 degrees C. UV-visible spectral analysis was used to evaluate the degradation of these dyes and their toxicity was tested by Allium cepa test. The generally observed higher stability of the bioaffinity bound enzymes against various forms of inactivation may be related to the specific and strong binding of enzyme with bioaffinity support which prevents the unfolding/denaturation of enzyme. Thus entrapped peroxidase was found to be effective in the decolorization of the investigated dyes.
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PMID:Catalyzed degradation of disperse dyes by calcium alginate-pectin entrapped bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) peroxidase. 2212 6

Endosulfan tolerant lines of mustard (Brassica campestris cv. Brown Sarson) have been developed through tissue culture methods. Cotyledonary expiants excised from eight day old in vitro grown seedlings were used for inducing callus. Fast growing friable callus was then transferred to MS medium containing (0.1-2.0 ugl(-1)) endosulfan for selection. Five alternating exposures with and without endosulfan containing medium yielded an endosulfan tolerant cell line (ETL). The plants regenerated from ETL were found to tolerate three fold higher concentrations of endosulfan. Callus induced from randomly selected endosulfan tolerant regenerated plants were also tolerant to 3.0 ugl endosulfan, thereby, suggesting that tolerance has been acquired at the gene level.Biochemical investigation revealed higher levels of total free sugar, free amino acids, protein and activity of peroxidase in the tolerant cell line.
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PMID:In vitro selection of endosulfan-tolerant strains of Brassica compestris (cv. Brown Sarson). 2419 81

1. Unsterile and sterile green algae (2 species tested) and red algae (3 species) were able to hydrolize indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) to indole-3-acetic acid (IES). Indole-3-acetamide (IAAm), detected together with IES, seemed to be an intermediate. Brown algae (3 species) incubated with IAN could produce neither IES nor IAAm. All algae oxidized IAN to indole-3-carboxaldehyde (IA) and indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICS). 2. IES destruction by living algae was mainly due to the activity of marine microorganisms. Sterile algae showed low activity; but sea-water previously incubated with unsterile algae, was active. IA and ICS, together with unidentified substances, were products of the IES-destruction. 3. All but one tested species of algae showed peroxidase activity in vivo. Enzyme preparations made of red and brown algae possessed neither peroxidase nor IES-oxidase activity, but preparations of 5 species of green algae (with one exception: Cladophora rupestris) showed peroxidase and IES-oxidase activity. IES-oxidase of these algae was active only in the presence of the cofactors Mn(++) and 2.4-dichlorophenol. Natural inhibitors of IES-oxidase were present in the enzyme preparations made of several (but not all) red and brown algae; they were absent in all green algae preparations.
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PMID:[Occurrence and metabolism of auxin in multicellular algae of the Baltic sea]. 2454 79

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and secretory component (SC) were localized by peroxidase-labeled antibody immunocytochemistry in normal and abnormal human gastric mucosa. In normal epithelium, both glycoproteins were absent or only faintly present, but in intestinal metaplasia and carcinoma both were prominently present. CEA and SC on the surfaces of metaplastic epithelial cells were polarized. That is, CEA was expressed only on the microvillous surface and SC was expressed only on the basolateral surface. In gastric cancer, CEA and SC were distributed over the entire surface of the neoplastic cells. Thus, deviations from the normal differentiation and maturation of gastric epithelial cells were accompanied by abnormalities in surface expression of CEA and SC. These observations, together with compatible observations previously made in colonic neoplasia (DJ Ahnen, PK Nakane, and WR Brown, Cancer 49:2077, 1982), suggest that loss of polarity of surface membrane components is a characteristic of neoplastic epithelial cells.
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PMID:Immunohistochemistry of Gastric Carcinomas and Associated Diseases: Novel Distribution of Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Secretory Component on the Surface of Gastric Cancer Cells 1. 2805 41


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