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Query: UMLS:C0155339 (Brown)
 12,436 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of vitamin A deficiency on the mitogen response of splenic B and T lymphocytes was determined in adult vitamin A-deficient rats. Female weanling Brown Norway/Billingham-Rijswijk (BN/BiRij) and Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a semipurified, essentially vitamin A-free diet, which resulted in clinical symptoms of vitamin A deficiency and severely decreased plasma retinol contents at the age of about 17 and 41 wk for BN/BiRij and Sprague-Dawley rats, respectively. A lower B cell proliferative response after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide in combination with dextran sulfate was observed in vitamin A-deficient rats of both strains, but the T cell proliferative response after concanavalin A stimulation was unchanged. The lower B cell mitogen response was not associated with changes in the cellular composition of the spleen (as analyzed with monoclonal antibodies specific for the various subsets of T and B cells and of macrophages). We suggest that the age at which clinical symptoms of vitamin A deficiency are induced may be an important determinant for the immunological variables affected.
J Nutr 1991 Dec
PMID:Mitogen response of B cells, but not T cells, is impaired in adult vitamin A-deficient rats. 194 Dec 60

A microcomputer based system is described for the acquisition, averaging, displaying, analysis and storage of electrophysiological (EPSP and post-stimulus histogram) data. The system consists of commercially available hardware (IBM-PC AT compatible, 80286 or 80386 based microcomputer, Burr-Brown analog-to-digital (A/D) converter), a custom built interface module, and a combination of commercially available and custom built software packages. The software operates within a Microsoft Windows environment and is comprised of custom built data acquisition and review modules which are linked to Microsoft's Excel program. The system is capable of four channel A/D conversion of EPSP's at a sampling frequency of up to 10 KHz (50 KHz single channel), the averaging of data including the addition and subtraction of various channels, the graphical display of data, the extraction of various data parameters, and the transfer of data to an Excel spreadsheet. The spreadsheet allows for the development of mathematical formulas for statistical analysis of data and presentation of the results in graphical form. Finally, data can easily be output to a laser printer or plotter. A sample experiment, illustrating system operation, is presented.
J Neurosci Methods 1990 Dec
PMID:On-line acquisition, analysis and presentation of neurophysiological data based on a personal microcomputer system. 208 91

Thirty Brown Swiss cattle, 7 to 30 months old, clinically affected with the weaver syndrome and five clinically normal Brown Swiss were studied. Ultrastructural examination mainly of the thoracic spinal cord revealed axonal changes accompanied by degeneration of myelin sheaths that were fragmented and lamellae vesiculated. The degeneration was accompanied by moderate gliosis and phagocytosis of degenerated myelin. There were no inflammatory changes. The ultrastructural changes may represent a disturbance of axoplasmic transport and subsequent axonal degeneration.
Zentralbl Veterinarmed A 1990 Dec
PMID:Ultrastructural changes in Brown Swiss cattle affected with bovine progressive degenerative myeloencephalopathy (Weaver syndrome). 212 93

Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) is strongly associated with carcinoma of the cervix, but the complete life cycle of the virus cannot be studied because no experimental system is available in which HPV-16 progeny are produced, and there is currently no source of HPV-16 virus particles. Most cell lines that harbor HPV-16 DNA contain the viral genome as integrated or concatenated DNA in which open reading frames are disrupted or deleted, but a human cervical keratinocyte cell line has been described which maintains HPV-16 DNA in monomeric episomal form (M.A. Stanley, H.M. Brown, M.W. Appleby, and A.C. Minson, Int. J. Cancer 43:672-676, 1989). This cell line was induced to form a stratified differentiating epithelium by grafting onto nude mice. Long-term grafts displayed the histological features of a low-grade cervical dysplasia, and terminally differentiated cells contained amplified levels of HPV-16 DNA, virus capsid antigen, and virus particles. This experimental system appears to permit the completion of the HPV-16 life cycle in virus-containing keratinocytes.
J Virol 1990 Dec
PMID:Production of human papillomavirus type 16 virions in a keratinocyte cell line. 217 95

We have shown previously that the major source of diglyceride (DG) formed following muscarinic receptor (mAChR) stimulation of 1321N1 astrocytoma cells is phosphatidylcholine (PC) rather than the phosphoinositides (Martinson, E. A., Goldstein, D., and Brown, J. H. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 14748-14754). We have also noted that there is a delay of several minutes before significant DG accumulation is observed. In the present work, we examine the time course and mechanism of PC hydrolysis in response to mAChR stimulation. Treatment of 1321N1 cells with carbachol results in increases in radiolabeled choline, phosphatidic acid (PA) and phosphatidylethanol (PEt), metabolites that are products of phospholipase D (PLD) action on PC. These products are all formed within 15 s of mAChR stimulation and reach a plateau within 30-60 s. The time course of PEt formation suggests that PLD is no longer activated after several minutes of mAChR stimulation. Thus there is a discrepancy between the rapid and transient activation of PLD and the delayed accumulation of DG. It appears that most of the DG is formed through the action of PLD, since propranolol (which inhibits the conversion of PA to DG) and down-regulation of protein kinase C (which prevents activation of PLD by carbachol) both markedly inhibit DG production. Using a protocol in which cells are stimulated with carbachol for only one minute (a period during which PLD and PA formation are maximally activated), we show that DG mass continues to increase following removal of agonist. We suggest that the rapid and transient activation of PLD results in delayed accumulation of DG due to the relatively slow conversion of PA to DG by PA phosphatase.
J Biol Chem 1990 Dec 25
PMID:Rapid protein kinase C-dependent activation of phospholipase D leads to delayed 1,2-diglyceride accumulation. 217 12

One hundred and thirty adult patients with brain tumors were treated in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine from 1973 to 1980. Forty-one patients (39%) were diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme. Forty-two percent of the patients were in the age group of 51-60 years. There were 24 males and 27 females. Forty-seven percent of the patients had partial resection, 27% had total excision and 26% had biopsy only. The radiation dose ranged from 4400 to 6600 rad with a median dose of 5500 rad. The median survival was 8.5 months, (range 3 to 120 months), 38% of patients survived one year or more and 10% survived 2 years or more. A detailed review of the current policy of treatment and of the ongoing clinical trials is done in this paper.
J Ky Med Assoc 1990 Dec
PMID:Glioblastoma multiforme in adults: results of treatment. 217 93

A 46-year-old black woman underwent exploratory surgery for evaluation of a tender mass in her abdomen. During the exploratory surgery bilateral tubo-ovarian abscesses ruptured. Specimens from both tubes and from the wall of the abscesses contained bacteria seen on the Brown-Hopps tissue gram stain. The bacteria were gram-positive, lancet-shaped diplococci characteristic of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Immunoperoxidase stains confirmed the identification of the organism as S pneumoniae.
Hum Pathol 1990 Dec
PMID:Tubo-ovarian abscess caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. 224 42

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is characterized by the existence of a unique mitochondrial protein (uncoupling protein or UCP) that uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and thus allows heat production. Its role in thermogenesis has been emphasized in recent years in response to cold stress (nonshivering thermogenesis, NST) as well as to hyperphagia (diet-induced thermogenesis, DIT). The present work was a first attempt to determine whether varying nutritional conditions could affect UCP gene expression. Total RNA was isolated from interscapular BAT and hybridized with a cDNA probe for UCP. Changes in UCP mRNA level were studied in rats fasted and refed for various periods at 23 or 28 degrees C. A 2 d fast at 23 degrees C reduced UCP mRNA level, whereas refeeding increased it. A prolonged starvation (53 h) induced an unexpected rise in UCP mRNA, which was associated with a fall in body temperature. Increasing the ambient temperature to thermoneutrality (28 degrees C) suppressed the fall in body temperature as well as the rise in UCP mRNA, which could then be characterized as a cold-induced response. Under the same environmental conditions (28 degrees C), refeeding still triggered a sharp, though transient, increase in UCP mRNA, showing that DIT was dissociated from NST.
J Nutr 1990 Dec
PMID:Effects of fasting and refeeding on the level of uncoupling protein mRNA in rat brown adipose tissue: evidence for diet-induced and cold-induced responses. 226 17

Twenty-four Wistar rats were anesthetized and 200 degrees C heat was applied for 4 minutes to each mandibular left first molar. Eight of these rats were then killed at 2, 8, and 14 weeks. The subject and control teeth were radiographed and compared. They were then prepared for histologic evaluation and scored for levels of inflammation in both the pulpal and periradicular tissues. Furcal, interproximal, and apical radiographic changes were found at all three time intervals. These changes involved progressively larger percentages of teeth at 8 and 14 weeks. Histologically, complete necrosis and/or abscess formation were found in the coronal portions of all experimental pulps. With time, inflammatory changes increased in intensity and progressed through the radicular pulps, resulting in necrosis or calcific changes and, finally, inflammatory changes in the periradicular areas. The pathosis created by the application of heat was devoid of microorganisms as evaluated by the Brown and Brenn stain.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1990 Dec
PMID:Reactions of rat odontogenic tissues to heat. 226 39

Phagocytosis by monocytes or neutrophils can be enhanced by interaction with several proteins or synthetic peptides containing the Arg-Gly-Asp sequence. Recently we showed that an mAb, B6H12, specifically inhibited this enhancement of neutrophil phagocytosis by inhibiting Arg-Gly-Asp binding to the leukocyte response integrin (Gresham, H. D., J. L. Goodwin, P. M. Allen, D. C. Anderson, and E. J. Brown. 1989. J. Cell Biol. 108:1935-1943). Now, we have purified the antigen recognized by B6H12 to homogeneity. Surprisingly, it is a 50-kD molecule that is expressed on the plasma membranes of all hematopoietic cells, including erythrocytes, which express no known integrins. On platelets and placenta, but not on erythrocytes, this protein is associated with an integrin that can be recognized by an anti-beta 3 antibody. In addition, both the anti-beta 3 and several mAbs recognizing the 50-kD protein inhibit Arg-Gly-Asp stimulation of phagocytosis. These data demonstrate an association between integrins and the 50-kD protein on several cell types. For this reason, we call it Integrin-associated Protein (IAP). We hypothesize that IAP may play a role in signal transduction for enhanced phagocytosis by Arg-Gly-Asp ligands.
J Cell Biol 1990 Dec
PMID:Integrin-associated protein: a 50-kD plasma membrane antigen physically and functionally associated with integrins. 227 87


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