Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0155339 (Brown)
 12,436 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Typhimurium vaccine candidates elicit significant immune responses in mice by intranasal (i.n.) immunization. Because of the proximity of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, we were concerned that Salmonella bacteria delivered i.n. might access the brain. Accordingly, wild-type and attenuated (by single and double mutations) strains of S. enterica serovars Typhimurium and Typhi were recovered at low numbers initially from the olfactory lobe and then from the brain for 3 to 4 days after i.n. immunization. This was independent of invA gene function. Although the presence of bacteria in blood 1 to 3 h after i.n. inoculation was sometimes observed, this was infrequent compared to the frequency of bacteria detected in brain tissues. In confirmation of recent observations by Wickham et al. (M. E. Wickham, N. F. Brown, J. Provias, B. B. Finlay, and B. K. Coombes, BMC Infect. Dis. 7:65, 2007) that oral inoculation with wild-type S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strains lead to bacteria in blood with subsequent colonization of brain tissues with neurological symptoms of disease, we found similar results by using the i.n. and intraperitoneal (i.p.) routes of inoculation for wild-type but not for attenuated strains of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. In contrast, a highly modified attenuated S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain was not present in brain tissues when administered at higher doses by the oral, i.n., and i.p. routes than the wild-type strain even though the presence of bacteria in blood was detectable 1 to 3 h after inoculation by each of the three routes. Our results indicate that i.n. and possibly even oral delivery of live Salmonella vaccines may be unsafe although it is possible to reduce this risk by appropriate genetic modifications.
 ...
PMID:Presence of wild-type and attenuated Salmonella enterica strains in brain tissues following inoculation of mice by different routes. 1847 49

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is among the most serious worldwide health problems. Recent genetic studies have robustly identified a number of polymorphic loci throughout the genome that are associated with disease risk but it is certain that more remain to be discovered. It is well established that inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of CHD. Determining whether or not polymorphisms in genes involved in the inflammatory cascade affect the risk of CHD is of considerable interest with respect to understanding the direction of the causal arrow between increased expression of inflammatory genes and CHD. Establishing an association between the variation in inflammatory genes and CHD would provide conceptual support for the use of appropriately specific anti-inflammatory agents in CHD prevention and, potentially, suggest new therapeutic targets. This month in BMC Medicine, Benjamin Brown and colleagues adopt a family-based case-control association study design to address this question. In a large number of CHD cases and healthy sibling controls genotyped for 51 mainly coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), they find evidence for the association of a common haplotype at the Interleukin-1 (IL-1) cluster with CHD which appears to be stronger in younger cases without hypercholesterolaemia. They also find suggestive evidence for an association between this same haplotype and hypercholesterolaemia. If replicated in other cohorts, these results could be of substantial importance in advancing the understanding of the way in which inflammatory genes affect coronary heart disease risk.See the associated research paper by Brown et al: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/8/5.
BMC Med 2010 Jan 13
PMID:The interleukin-1 cluster, dyslipidaemia and risk of myocardial infarction. 2007 Aug 81

The aim of the study was to follow the development of microchimerism after allogeneic vascularized bone marrow transplantation (VBMT) versus conventional bone marrow transplantation (BMT). In one group, a VBMT model consisted of donor Brown Norway rat hind limb heterotopic transplanted on recipient Lewis rats. An intravenous infusion of donor bone marrow cells in suspension equivalent to that grafted in the vascularized femur limb was administered intravenously to recipient rats in the second group. Cellular microchimerism was investigated in recipients of VBMT versus BMT. Donor-derived cells could be detected in VBMT recipients at 30 and 60 days but not in recipients of intravenous suspension of BMC. VBMT provides a theoretical alternative to conventional cellular bone marrow transplantation by addressing crucial clinical problems such as failure of engraftment or graft-versus-host disease.
 ...
PMID:Vascularized bone marrow transplantation model in rats as an alternative to conventional cellular bone marrow transplantation: preliminary results. 2209 39