Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0155339 (Brown)
 12,436 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two anticancer agents, one lipophilic, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), and one hydrophilic, 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno) imidazol-4-carboxamide (DTIC), were used to treat Brown-Pearce epithelioma in the anterior chamber of rabbit eyes. The BCNU test animals were divided into three groups: one treated by direct injection of the drug into the subconjuntival space or the anterior chamber, the second by both direct injections and intravenous administration, and the third by intravenous injection alone. The DTIC test animals were treated with only local injection into the subconjunctival space or anterior chamber. Dosage, delivery system, and effectiveness were compared following clinical observation and histopathologic examination. Direct delivery of BCNU or DTIC in subconjuntival space or anterior chamber delayed the growth of Brown-Pearce epithelioma in rabbit eye. The effectiveness of this treatment was significnatly enhanced by combining direct injection with systemic administration of a lower dose of BCNU.
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PMID:Direct delivery of anticancer agents: experimental treatment of intraocular malignancy. 70 Sep 54

Brown spiders have world-wide distribution and are the cause of health problems known as loxoscelism. Necrotic cutaneous lesions surrounding the bites and less intense systemic signs like renal failure, DIC, and hemolysis were observed. We studied molecular mechanism by which recombinant toxin, biochemically characterized as phospholipase-D, causes direct hemolysis (complement independent). Human erythrocytes treated with toxin showed direct hemolysis in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, as well as morphological changes in cell size and shape. Erythrocytes from human, rabbit, and sheep were more susceptible than those from horse. Hemolysis was not dependent on ABO group or Rhesus system. Confocal and FACS analyses using antibodies or GFP-phospholipase-D protein showed direct toxin binding to erythrocytes membrane. Moreover, toxin-treated erythrocytes reacted with annexin-V and showed alterations in their lipid raft profile. Divalent ion chelators significantly inhibited hemolysis evoked by phospholipase-D, which has magnesium at the catalytic domain. Chelators were more effective than PMSF (serine-protease inhibitor) that had no effect on hemolysis. By site-directed mutation at catalytic domain (histidine 12 by alanine), hemolysis and morphologic changes of erythrocytes (but not the toxin's ability of membrane binding) were inhibited, supporting that catalytic activity is involved in hemolysis and cellular alterations but not toxin cell binding. The results provide evidence that L. intermedia venom phospholipase-D triggers direct human blood cell hemolysis in a catalytic-dependent manner.
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PMID:Identification of a direct hemolytic effect dependent on the catalytic activity induced by phospholipase-D (dermonecrotic toxin) from brown spider venom. 1945 8

Evidence accumulations models (EAMs) have become the dominant modeling framework within rapid decision-making, using choice response time distributions to make inferences about the underlying decision process. These models are often applied to empirical data as "measurement tools", with different theoretical accounts being contrasted within the framework of the model. Some method is then needed to decide between these competing theoretical accounts, as only assessing the models on their ability to fit trends in the empirical data ignores model flexibility, and therefore, creates a bias towards more flexible models. However, there is no objectively optimal method to select between models, with methods varying in both their computational tractability and theoretical basis. I provide a systematic comparison between nine different model selection methods using a popular EAM-the linear ballistic accumulator (LBA; Brown & Heathcote, Cognitive Psychology 57(3), 153-178 2008)-in a large-scale simulation study and the empirical data of Dutilh et al. (Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 1-19 2018). I find that the "predictive accuracy" class of methods (i.e., the Akaike Information Criterion [AIC], the Deviance Information Criterion [DIC], and the Widely Applicable Information Criterion [WAIC]) make different inferences to the "Bayes factor" class of methods (i.e., the Bayesian Information Criterion [BIC], and Bayes factors) in many, but not all, instances, and that the simpler methods (i.e., AIC and BIC) make inferences that are highly consistent with their more complex counterparts. These findings suggest that researchers should be able to use simpler "parameter counting" methods when applying the LBA and be confident in their inferences, but that researchers need to carefully consider and justify the general class of model selection method that they use, as different classes of methods often result in different inferences.
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PMID:Assessing the practical differences between model selection methods in inferences about choice response time tasks. 3078 96