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Query: UMLS:C0155339 (Brown)
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The current study is the first to test the hypotheses that children with developmental delays use more frequent language and more diverse vocabulary in routines than in nonroutines. The 19 child participants were in Brown's (1973) first stage of language learning. Using a novel method of measuring routines, 18 of the parents identified at least one routine in a videotaped play session with their children. Results support both hypotheses and provide descriptive information about the content of the routines displayed by the parents and children in the free-play context. The importance of replicating the findings in the context of an experimental design before concluding that "routineness" caused the children to talk more often and with more diverse vocabulary was emphasized.
Am J Ment Retard 1992 Sep
PMID:Do children with developmental delays use more frequent and diverse language in verbal routines? 138 67

A determination was made of whether an empirically derived interaction style improves the usefulness of the language sampling and transcription in 17 children with developmental disabilities in Brown's (1973) Stages I and II. Whether the interaction style affected the diversity and complexity of the language the children produced during the samples was also examined. All subjects experienced two 20-minute interaction sessions that differed according to whether topic-continuing wh-questions were used. Results indicated that, regardless of order of exposure to the styles, children talked more often and produced proportionally more transcribable utterances. In addition, they produced a larger sample of productive vocabulary in the style using topic-continuing wh-questions. There were no style effects on vocabulary diversity or length of utterance. The importance of using interaction styles that maximize the information available from language samples of young children with disabilities was discussed.
Am J Ment Retard 1994 Nov
PMID:Adult interaction style effects on the language sampling and transcription process with children who have development disabilities. 786 2

The social information-processing skills of 16 aggressive and 19 nonaggressive men with borderline to moderate mental retardation were examined in light of some of the steps described in Dodge's social information-processing model (Dodge, Pettit, McClaskey, & Brown, 1986). Contrary to expectations based on Dodge et al.'s findings with children who did not have mental retardation, aggressive and nonaggressive groups did not differ in their ability to generate multiple solutions or in their ability to provide appropriate responses. Similar to Dodge et al.'s findings, however, subjects in the aggressive group generated significantly more aggressive solutions and tended more often to give an aggressive response first than did the nonaggressive subjects. Preliminary implication for treatment were offered.
Am J Ment Retard 1995 Nov
PMID:Social information processing by aggressive and nonaggressive men with mental retardation. 855 71

Production of grammatical and lexical verbs in narratives from 29 individuals with Down syndrome and 29 typically developing control subjects matched on linguistic level (Brown's Stages 3, 4, and 5) was examined. We addressed recent theories proposing that verbs are central to syntactic development (Tomasello & Merriman, 1995). Consistent with predictions from the child talk model (Chapman et al., 1992), the individuals with Down syndrome produced fewer lexical or grammatical verbs per utterance compared to the control group but produced a greater diversity of lexical verbs. The findings suggest that the well-documented syntactic deficits evidenced by individuals with Down syndrome may reflect difficulty in accessing verbs when constructing utterances. This difficulty may stem from deficits in auditory short-term memory.
Am J Ment Retard 1998 Nov
PMID:Verb use by individuals with Down syndrome. 983 59

Maladaptive behavior was compared across 23 people with Prader-Willi syndrome due to paternal deletion to 23 age- and gender-matched subjects with maternal uniparental disomy. Controlling for the higher IQs of the uniparental disomy group, deleted cases showed significantly higher maladaptive ratings on the Child Behavior Checklist's Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total domains as well as more symptom-related distress on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Across both measures, deleted cases were more apt to skin-pick, bite their nails, hoard, overeat, sulk, and withdraw. A dampening of symptom severity is suggested in Prader-Willi syndrome cases due to maternal uniparental disomy. Findings are compared to Angelman syndrome, and possible genetic mechanisms are discussed, as are implications for Prader-Willi syndrome and obsessive-compulsive behaviors.
Am J Ment Retard 1999 Jan
PMID:Maladaptive behavior differences in Prader-Willi syndrome due to paternal deletion versus maternal uniparental disomy. 997 35

Predictors of productive and receptive language development in 39 children with intellectual disabilities (17 with Down syndrome) and their parents were identified. Children were in the prelinguistic or first stage of productive language acquisition (Brown, 1973). The Down syndrome and non-Down syndrome groups were matched on several variables, including IQ, CA, and vocabulary level. After controlling for initial language level, we attempted to identify unique early predictors of language measured 6 months later. Results indicate that Down syndrome negatively affected language development. Additionally, frequency of optimal parental responding predicted later productive language above and beyond etiology. Finally, canonical vocal communication and commenting predicted later productive language only in children without Down syndrome.
Am J Ment Retard 2004 Jul
PMID:Early predictors of language in children with and without Down syndrome. 1517 18